CN112088834A - Breeding method of high-quality local chickens - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-quality local chickens Download PDFInfo
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- CN112088834A CN112088834A CN202010941228.6A CN202010941228A CN112088834A CN 112088834 A CN112088834 A CN 112088834A CN 202010941228 A CN202010941228 A CN 202010941228A CN 112088834 A CN112088834 A CN 112088834A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding high-quality local chickens, which comprises the steps of chick management, medium and large chicken management and free-range management, and is characterized in that: the chicken management stage is used for feeding dietary fiber feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid for chickens, the chick management stage is used for feeding bioprotein feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid for chickens, and the medium and large chicken management stage is used for feeding selenium-rich feed and medium and large chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid for chickens. The chicken manure is subjected to innocent treatment, after high-quality chickens are bred and slaughtered, the fermentation treatment of the chicken manure can promote mineralization and humification of organic matter materials in the fermentation process, efficiently kill harmful bacteria and parasitic ova, increase the degradation speed of pollutants in the chicken manure to the environment by hundreds of times, produce efficient organic fertilizers, increase the nutrients of base soil, improve the microbial activity of the soil, increase the yield of crops, improve the quality, eliminate secondary pollution of the odor of the chicken manure to the environment and well solve the problem of environment pollution of breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of high-quality local chickens.
Background
Local chickens, also called grass chickens, local chickens and stupid chickens, are domesticated from ancient times of domestication, are bred by natural foraging or combined coarse feeding for a long time without any hybridization and optimized hybridization, have strong field foraging and survival ability, have the characteristics of coarse feeding resistance, strong nesting resistance, strong disease resistance and the like, and have delicious meat quality. In recent years, people have more and more large demand for green animal food, and the native eggs and the native chicken meat are also well received by consumers and are in short supply and demand conditions all the time in the market, and the rural native chicken breeding can obtain considerable benefits.
However, the basic links of high-quality chicken breeding in rural areas in China are still very weak at present, firstly, the breeding mode is relatively extensive, the breeding period is long, and the chicken can be slaughtered after more than 8 months; the feed is random, the grain feed is mainly used for scattering and feeding at any time, and hunger and satiety are uneven; extensive management, inadequate prevention and control of epidemic diseases, especially inadequate prevention of vaccines, high morbidity and mortality rate and poor breeding benefits. Secondly, the raised chicken variety has slow growth, small weight, high feed conversion ratio, low slaughtering rate, long market-age, is in a divergent state, does not form scale benefit, does not greatly contribute to the increase of income of farmers, and does not have a whole set of standard raising management technology, so that the raised high-quality chicken has lagged behind growth speed, market-age weight, feed conversion rate and the like and can not meet the requirements of the times; moreover, rural free-range local chickens have long activity time in the field, large activity range and more ways for infecting germs, and compared with artificially fed chickens, the incidence rate of large-scale poultry epidemic diseases is higher, the breeding risk is increased, and the total income value of farmers is not high. Thirdly, the problems of nonstandard use of veterinary drugs for rural free-range high-quality local chickens and serious drug residue of the high-quality local chickens are solved, the feeding management of the rural high-quality local chickens is not in place all the time, the use of the veterinary drugs is not standard, the abuse phenomenon of the veterinary drugs is caused, and the standard exceeding of the drug residue of the high-quality chicken finished products causes food safety accidents. In addition, the chicken manure has great pollution to the environment during cultivation and is not subjected to harmless treatment.
The probiotics refers to a certain microbial preparation or a fermentation product which can generate beneficial physiological effects on a host by regulating the immune function of the host mucous membrane and the system or by improving the balance of intestinal nutrition and flora, and the composition of the flora at a certain part of the host is changed by the colonization effect, so that a single microorganism or a mixed microorganism with definite composition which is beneficial to the health of the host is generated. The probiotics integrates the advantages of no toxicity, no harm, no residue, environmental protection and the like, and is known and concerned as a new field as a substitute of antibiotics. The healthy feeding of probiotics instead of antibiotics is imperative to be promoted in the chicken raising industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding high-quality local chickens, which aims to solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a breeding method of high-quality local chickens comprises the steps of chick management, medium and large chicken management and free-range management, wherein dietary fiber feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water are fed to the chickens in the chick management stage, biological protein feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water are fed to the chickens in the chick management stage, and selenium-rich feed and medium and large chicken traditional Chinese medicine water are fed to the chickens in the medium and large chicken management stage.
Further, the dietary fiber feed is: mixing and grinding the microcrystalline cellulose mixed with the clostridium butyricum and the lactic acid bacteria and rice, and sieving the mixture by a sieve of 90-100 meshes to obtain the milk beverage, wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the rice to the clostridium butyricum to the lactic acid bacteria is 0.1-0.2: 260-280: 1: 1.5-2.
Further, the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine liquid for the chicks comprises the following steps: cleaning jerusalem artichoke, folium fici Pumilae buds and cortex Fraxini with equal mass, adding clear water with the weight 5-6 times of that of the jerusalem artichoke, folium fici Pumilae buds and cortex Fraxini, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 2-3 h, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
Further, the bioprotein feed is: uniformly mixing bran, bean curd residue, cassava residue, waste molasses, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and bacillus coagulans, fermenting for 96-100 hours at the temperature of 30-33 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 55-60%, and drying until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain the product; wherein the mass ratio of the bran to the bean curd residue to the cassava residue to the waste molasses to the lactobacillus to the bifidobacterium to the bacillus coagulans is 100-120: 150-180: 100: 35-45: 3: 2-3: 1, and the corn is ground to pass through a sieve of 60-70 meshes.
Further, the chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of banana tree core, 45-75 parts of banana flower, 25-55 parts of houttuynia cordata, 30-60 parts of centella asiatica and 25-55 parts of papaya leaf bud, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1-2 cm small sections respectively, then mixing uniformly, adding clear water with the weight 8-10 times of that of banana flowers, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 150-180 min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
Further, the selenium-rich feed is fed by the following components: the shrimp and crab leftover materials, the chicken liver, the garlic, the capsella bursa-pastoris and the corn are uniformly mixed, ground to be sieved by a sieve with 10-20 meshes, and mixed with a strain accounting for 0.2-0.5% of the total weight of the materials to obtain the feed additive, wherein the strain is bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis.
Further, the Chinese medicinal liquid for the medium and large chickens is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-75 parts of banana flower, 65-95 parts of loquat leaf, 75-95 parts of papaya leaf bud, 20-40 parts of papaya leaf, 80-100 parts of centella and 50-70 parts of Qingming grass, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into small sections of 1-1.5 cm, mixing uniformly, adding clear water of which the weight is 6-7 times that of banana flowers, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 130-150 min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
Further, the breeding method of the high-quality local chickens specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) chick management: selecting newly hatched chicks with loud clatter, bright feathers, good mental state, clean anus and sensitive reaction, and free-ranging the selected chicks on a dry ground, feeding the chicks with dietary fiber feed after 8 hours of hatching, feeding 3-5 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 g/chick, feeding the chicks with Chinese medicinal liquid after three days of hatching, feeding 1-2 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 mL/chick;
(2) managing the chickens: after the chicks are raised for 33-36 days, the chicks are continuously raised in a scattered manner on a dry ground, and are fed with the biological protein feed and the Chinese medicinal liquid of the chicks for 3-4 times each day, wherein the feeding amount is 15-35 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times each day, and the feeding amount is 5-20 mL/chicken each time;
(3) managing medium and large chickens: when 1.8-2.5 jin of chicks are raised, scattered raising the chicks in an orchard, scattering insects, dry bean curd residues, peanut bran, vegetable leaves or shrimp and crab shells in the orchard, feeding selenium-rich feed and Chinese herbal medicine water for the medium and large chicks for 2-3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 20-45 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 10-30 mL/chicken each time;
(4) and (3) free-ranging management: in the chick stage, the chick is driven out of the henhouse for free-ranging after being fed at 9:00 a morning and is driven back to the henhouse after being fed at 17:00 a day; in the stage of feeding the chickens and the medium and large chickens 6:00 in the morning, the chickens are driven out of the chicken house for free-ranging, the condition that the chickens walk 0.8-1.0 kilometer each day is guaranteed, the medium and large chickens walk 1.6-2.0 kilometers each day is guaranteed, and the chickens are driven back to the chicken house after being fed at 18: 00; cleaning the free-range field regularly, and spreading plant ash regularly; collecting chicken manure and performing harmless treatment.
The harmless treatment is to spray biological organic fertilizer zymogens such as lactobacillus, microzyme, azotobacter, actinomycetes and other probiotics into the chicken manure, wherein each ton of the chicken manure is sprayed with 1-1.5 kg of the biological organic fertilizer zymogens, and then the chicken manure is piled up and fermented for 1 week.
Further, in the step (1), when the chicks are 4 days old, coccidian vaccines are inoculated, meanwhile, the wood shavings, the chaffs, the peanut shells and the corncobs are used for making padding with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and the water content of the padding is 40-45%. The control and the stress response of the anticoccidial drugs during the coccidian vaccine immunization period, the anticoccidial drugs are not needed to be fed after the coccidian vaccine immunization, the management is strengthened, various stress factors are eliminated, the egg detection is carried out in time, the infection rate is detected by sampling at a proportion of not less than 1 percent, the standard important immunization cannot be achieved, and the health of chicken flocks is ensured.
Further, in the step (1), the stocking density is 220-250 per mu, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the chicken manure is subjected to innocent treatment, after high-quality chickens are bred and slaughtered, the fermentation treatment of the chicken manure can promote mineralization and humification of organic matter materials in the fermentation process, efficiently kill harmful bacteria and parasitic ova, improve the degradation speed of pollutants caused to the environment in the chicken manure by hundreds of times, produce efficient organic fertilizers, increase the nutrients of base soil, improve the microbial activity of the soil, increase the yield of crops, improve the quality and eliminate secondary pollution of the odor of the chicken manure to the environment.
(2) The invention inoculates the coccidian vaccine for the chicks and provides the padding for the chicks, which is beneficial to enhancing the heat preservation effect of the growing environment of the chicks, and the chicks movably contact with the coccidian eggs on the padding to prepare for successful inoculation of the coccidian vaccine. In addition, by immunizing the coccidiosis in the chicken, most of the drug expense can be saved, the putting of the anticoccidial drugs can be reduced, and the breeding benefit can be improved.
(3) The invention scientifically and reasonably standardizes the management of the rural free-range chickens, regularly and quantitatively feeds the chickens, ensures that the chickens are full, promotes the growth and development of the chickens, shortens the breeding period and improves the economic benefit of chicken breeding.
(4) According to the invention, no veterinary drug is used in the chicken breeding process, so that the problems of veterinary drug abuse, standard exceeding of finished veterinary drug residues and the like are avoided, and the high quality of chicken is ensured; meanwhile, the free-range ground is cleaned regularly, plant ash is spread on the free-range ground for disinfection, the sanitation of the chicken production field is guaranteed, the contact probability of the chickens and germs is reduced, the chicken breeding risk is reduced in daily care, and the occurrence of sudden and serious chicken epidemic is avoided.
(5) According to the invention, by adding probiotics into the chicken feed and feeding the chickens with the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, and combining with the inoculation of coccidian vaccines to the chickens, the occurrence of common epidemic diseases of the chickens is greatly reduced, the use of antibiotics can be greatly reduced, the administration of anticoccidial drugs is reduced, the medicinal cost is reduced, the problem of drug residue is well solved, the quality of high-quality chickens is improved, the improvement of the breeding benefit is promoted, and the problem of breeding environment pollution is well solved.
(6) The dietary fiber feed, the biological protein feed, the selenium-rich feed and the traditional Chinese medicine are added when the feed is small, so that the multiplication of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of the chicks is promoted, the resistance of the chickens is improved, and the disease death rate of the chicks is reduced; the feed is fed by combining with a biological protein feed in a chicken stage, so that high-quality protein is provided for the chicken, and meanwhile, the biological protein feed contains beneficial bacteria, helps to digest and absorb the feed, helps the gastrointestinal tract of the chicken to creep, can effectively improve the gastrointestinal function of the chicken, promotes the physique of the chicken, promotes the growth and development, and further shortens the chicken breeding time; the chicken is fed by the selenium-rich feed in the middle and large chicken stage, so that the chicken is rich in selenium, the meat quality of local chicken is improved, and people can supplement the selenium by eating the chicken.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A breeding method of high-quality local chickens comprises the steps of chick management, medium and large chicken management and free-range management, wherein the chick management stage feeds dietary fiber feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the chick management stage feeds bioprotein feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the medium and large chicken management stage feeds selenium-rich feed and medium and large chicken traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) chick management: selecting newly hatched chicks with loud clatter, bright feathers, good mental state, clean anus and sensitive reaction, and free-ranging the selected chicks on a dry ground, feeding the chicks with dietary fiber feed after 8 hours of hatching, feeding 3-5 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 g/chick, feeding the chicks with Chinese medicinal liquid after three days of hatching, feeding 1-2 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 mL/chick;
when the chicks are 4 days old, the coccidian vaccine is inoculated, and meanwhile, wood shavings, chaff, peanut shells and corncobs are used as padding with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and the water content of the padding is 40-45%; the stocking density is 220-250 per mu, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%;
(2) managing the chickens: after the chicks are raised for 33-36 days, the chicks are continuously raised in a scattered manner on a dry ground, and are fed with the biological protein feed and the Chinese medicinal liquid of the chicks for 3-4 times each day, wherein the feeding amount is 15-35 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times each day, and the feeding amount is 5-20 mL/chicken each time;
(3) managing medium and large chickens: when 1.8-2.5 jin of chicks are raised, scattered raising the chicks in an orchard, scattering insects, dry bean curd residues, peanut bran, vegetable leaves or shrimp and crab shells in the orchard, feeding selenium-rich feed and Chinese herbal medicine water for the medium and large chicks for 2-3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 20-45 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 10-30 mL/chicken each time;
(4) and (3) free-ranging management: in the chick stage, the chick is driven out of the henhouse for free-ranging after being fed at 9:00 a morning and is driven back to the henhouse after being fed at 17:00 a day; in the stage of feeding the chickens and the medium and large chickens 6:00 in the morning, the chickens are driven out of the chicken house for free-ranging, the condition that the chickens walk 0.8-1.0 kilometer each day is guaranteed, the medium and large chickens walk 1.6-2.0 kilometers each day is guaranteed, and the chickens are driven back to the chicken house after being fed at 18: 00; cleaning the free-range field regularly, and spreading plant ash regularly; collecting chicken manure and performing harmless treatment.
The dietary fiber feed comprises the following components: mixing and grinding the microcrystalline cellulose mixed with the clostridium butyricum and the lactic acid bacteria and rice, and sieving the mixture by a 90-mesh sieve to obtain the milk powder, wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the rice to the clostridium butyricum to the lactic acid bacteria is 0.1:260:1: 1.5.
The preparation method of the chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following steps: cleaning Jerusalem artichoke, folium Syzygii Aromatici bud, and cortex Fraxini, adding 5 times of clear water, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 2 hr, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The biological protein feed is as follows: mixing testa Tritici, bean curd residue, manioc waste, waste molasses, lactobacillus, Bacillus bifidus and Bacillus coagulans uniformly, fermenting at 30 deg.C for 96 hr under the humidity of 55%, and oven drying until the water content is lower than 12%; wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bean curd residue, the cassava residue, the waste molasses, the lactic acid bacteria, the bifidobacteria and the bacillus coagulans is 100:150:100:35:3:2:1, and the corn is ground to pass through a 60-mesh sieve.
The chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of banana tree core, 45 parts of banana flower, 25 parts of houttuynia cordata, 30 parts of centella asiatica and 25 parts of papaya leaf bud, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 8 times of banana flower weight, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 150min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The selenium-rich feed is fed by the following steps: mixing the leftovers of shrimps and crabs, chicken liver, garlic, shepherd's purse and corn uniformly, grinding to 10-mesh sieve, and mixing with a strain accounting for 0.2% of the total weight of the materials to obtain the feed, wherein the strain is bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis.
The traditional Chinese medicine liquid for the medium and large chickens is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of banana flower, 65 parts of loquat leaf, 75 parts of papaya leaf bud, 20 parts of papaya leaf, 80 parts of centella asiatica and 50 parts of Qingming grass, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 6 times of banana flower weight, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 130min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
Example 2
A breeding method of high-quality local chickens comprises the steps of chick management, medium and large chicken management and free-range management, wherein the chick management stage feeds dietary fiber feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the chick management stage feeds bioprotein feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the medium and large chicken management stage feeds selenium-rich feed and medium and large chicken traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) chick management: selecting newly hatched chicks with loud clatter, bright feathers, good mental state, clean anus and sensitive reaction, and free-ranging the selected chicks on a dry ground, feeding the chicks with dietary fiber feed after 8 hours of hatching, feeding 3-5 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 g/chick, feeding the chicks with Chinese medicinal liquid after three days of hatching, feeding 1-2 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 mL/chick;
when the chicks are 4 days old, the coccidian vaccine is inoculated, and meanwhile, wood shavings, chaff, peanut shells and corncobs are used as padding with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and the water content of the padding is 40-45%; the stocking density is 220-250 per mu, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%;
(2) managing the chickens: after the chicks are raised for 33-36 days, the chicks are continuously raised in a scattered manner on a dry ground, and are fed with the biological protein feed and the Chinese medicinal liquid of the chicks for 3-4 times each day, wherein the feeding amount is 15-35 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times each day, and the feeding amount is 5-20 mL/chicken each time;
(3) managing medium and large chickens: when 1.8-2.5 jin of chicks are raised, scattered raising the chicks in an orchard, scattering insects, dry bean curd residues, peanut bran, vegetable leaves or shrimp and crab shells in the orchard, feeding selenium-rich feed and Chinese herbal medicine water for the medium and large chicks for 2-3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 20-45 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 10-30 mL/chicken each time;
(4) and (3) free-ranging management: in the chick stage, the chick is driven out of the henhouse for free-ranging after being fed at 9:00 a morning and is driven back to the henhouse after being fed at 17:00 a day; in the stage of feeding the chickens and the medium and large chickens 6:00 in the morning, the chickens are driven out of the chicken house for free-ranging, the condition that the chickens walk 0.8-1.0 kilometer each day is guaranteed, the medium and large chickens walk 1.6-2.0 kilometers each day is guaranteed, and the chickens are driven back to the chicken house after being fed at 18: 00; cleaning the free-range field regularly, and spreading plant ash regularly; collecting chicken manure and performing harmless treatment.
The dietary fiber feed comprises the following components: mixing and grinding the microcrystalline cellulose mixed with the clostridium butyricum and the lactic acid bacteria and rice, and sieving the mixture by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the milk powder, wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the rice to the clostridium butyricum to the lactic acid bacteria is 0.2:280:1: 2.
The preparation method of the chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following steps: cleaning Jerusalem artichoke, folium Syzygii Aromatici bud, and cortex Fraxini, adding 6 times of clear water, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 3 hr, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The biological protein feed is as follows: mixing testa Tritici, bean curd residue, manioc waste, waste molasses, lactobacillus, Bacillus bifidus and Bacillus coagulans uniformly, fermenting at 33 deg.C for 100h under control of humidity of 60%, and oven drying until water content is less than 12%; wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bean curd residue, the cassava residue, the waste molasses, the lactic acid bacteria, the bifidobacteria and the bacillus coagulans is 120:180:100:45:3:3:1, and the corn is ground to pass through a 70-mesh sieve.
The chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of banana tree core, 475 parts of banana flower, 55 parts of houttuynia, 60 parts of centella and 55 parts of papaya leaf bud, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 2cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 10 times of banana flower weight, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 180min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The selenium-rich feed is fed by the following steps: mixing the leftovers of shrimps and crabs, chicken liver, garlic, shepherd's purse and corn uniformly, grinding to 20 meshes, and mixing with a strain accounting for 0.5 percent of the total weight of the materials to obtain the feed, wherein the strain is bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis.
The traditional Chinese medicine liquid for the medium and large chickens is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of banana flower, 95 parts of loquat leaf, 95 parts of papaya leaf bud, 40 parts of papaya leaf, 100 parts of centella asiatica and 70 parts of Qingming grass, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1.5cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 7 times of banana flower, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 150min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
Example 3
A breeding method of high-quality local chickens comprises the steps of chick management, medium and large chicken management and free-range management, wherein the chick management stage feeds dietary fiber feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the chick management stage feeds bioprotein feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the medium and large chicken management stage feeds selenium-rich feed and medium and large chicken traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) chick management: selecting newly hatched chicks with loud clatter, bright feathers, good mental state, clean anus and sensitive reaction, and free-ranging the selected chicks on a dry ground, feeding the chicks with dietary fiber feed after 8 hours of hatching, feeding 3-5 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 g/chick, feeding the chicks with Chinese medicinal liquid after three days of hatching, feeding 1-2 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 mL/chick;
when the chicks are 4 days old, the coccidian vaccine is inoculated, and meanwhile, wood shavings, chaff, peanut shells and corncobs are used as padding with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and the water content of the padding is 40-45%; the stocking density is 220-250 per mu, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%;
(2) managing the chickens: after the chicks are raised for 33-36 days, the chicks are continuously raised in a scattered manner on a dry ground, and are fed with the biological protein feed and the Chinese medicinal liquid of the chicks for 3-4 times each day, wherein the feeding amount is 15-35 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times each day, and the feeding amount is 5-20 mL/chicken each time;
(3) managing medium and large chickens: when 1.8-2.5 jin of chicks are raised, scattered raising the chicks in an orchard, scattering insects, dry bean curd residues, peanut bran, vegetable leaves or shrimp and crab shells in the orchard, feeding selenium-rich feed and Chinese herbal medicine water for the medium and large chicks for 2-3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 20-45 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 10-30 mL/chicken each time;
(4) and (3) free-ranging management: in the chick stage, the chick is driven out of the henhouse for free-ranging after being fed at 9:00 a morning and is driven back to the henhouse after being fed at 17:00 a day; in the stage of feeding the chickens and the medium and large chickens 6:00 in the morning, the chickens are driven out of the chicken house for free-ranging, the condition that the chickens walk 0.8-1.0 kilometer each day is guaranteed, the medium and large chickens walk 1.6-2.0 kilometers each day is guaranteed, and the chickens are driven back to the chicken house after being fed at 18: 00; cleaning the free-range field regularly, and spreading plant ash regularly; collecting chicken manure and performing harmless treatment.
The dietary fiber feed comprises the following components: mixing and grinding the microcrystalline cellulose mixed with the clostridium butyricum and the lactic acid bacteria and rice, and sieving the mixture through a 92-mesh sieve to obtain the milk beverage, wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the rice to the clostridium butyricum to the lactic acid bacteria is 0.12:265:1: 1.6.
The preparation method of the chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following steps: cleaning jerusalem artichoke, folium fici Pumilae buds and cortex Fraxini with equal mass, adding 5-6 times of clear water, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 2.2h, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The biological protein feed is as follows: mixing bran, bean curd residue, manioc waste, waste molasses, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and bacillus coagulans uniformly, controlling the humidity to be 56% and the temperature to be 31 ℃, fermenting for 97h, and drying until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain the product; wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bean curd residue, the cassava residue, the waste molasses, the lactic acid bacteria, the bifidobacteria and the bacillus coagulans is 105:160:100:37:3:2.2:1, and the corn is ground to pass through a 62-mesh sieve.
The chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of banana tree core, 55 parts of banana flower, 35 parts of houttuynia cordata, 40 parts of centella asiatica and 35 parts of papaya leaf bud, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1.2cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 8.5 times of banana flower, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 160min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The selenium-rich feed is fed by the following steps: mixing the leftovers of shrimps and crabs, chicken liver, garlic, shepherd's purse and corn uniformly, grinding to pass through a 12-mesh sieve, and mixing with a strain accounting for 0.3 percent of the total weight of the materials to obtain the feed, wherein the strain is bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis.
The traditional Chinese medicine liquid for the medium and large chickens is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of banana flower, 75 parts of loquat leaf, 80 parts of papaya leaf bud, 25 parts of papaya leaf, 85 parts of centella asiatica and 55 parts of Qingming grass, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1.2cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 6.2 times of banana flower, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 135min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
Example 4
A breeding method of high-quality local chickens comprises the steps of chick management, medium and large chicken management and free-range management, wherein the chick management stage feeds dietary fiber feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the chick management stage feeds bioprotein feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the medium and large chicken management stage feeds selenium-rich feed and medium and large chicken traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) chick management: selecting newly hatched chicks with loud clatter, bright feathers, good mental state, clean anus and sensitive reaction, and free-ranging the selected chicks on a dry ground, feeding the chicks with dietary fiber feed after 8 hours of hatching, feeding 3-5 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 g/chick, feeding the chicks with Chinese medicinal liquid after three days of hatching, feeding 1-2 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 mL/chick;
when the chicks are 4 days old, the coccidian vaccine is inoculated, and meanwhile, wood shavings, chaff, peanut shells and corncobs are used as padding with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and the water content of the padding is 40-45%; the stocking density is 220-250 per mu, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%;
(2) managing the chickens: after the chicks are raised for 33-36 days, the chicks are continuously raised in a scattered manner on a dry ground, and are fed with the biological protein feed and the Chinese medicinal liquid of the chicks for 3-4 times each day, wherein the feeding amount is 15-35 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times each day, and the feeding amount is 5-20 mL/chicken each time;
(3) managing medium and large chickens: when 1.8-2.5 jin of chicks are raised, scattered raising the chicks in an orchard, scattering insects, dry bean curd residues, peanut bran, vegetable leaves or shrimp and crab shells in the orchard, feeding selenium-rich feed and Chinese herbal medicine water for the medium and large chicks for 2-3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 20-45 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 10-30 mL/chicken each time;
(4) and (3) free-ranging management: in the chick stage, the chick is driven out of the henhouse for free-ranging after being fed at 9:00 a morning and is driven back to the henhouse after being fed at 17:00 a day; in the stage of feeding the chickens and the medium and large chickens 6:00 in the morning, the chickens are driven out of the chicken house for free-ranging, the condition that the chickens walk 0.8-1.0 kilometer each day is guaranteed, the medium and large chickens walk 1.6-2.0 kilometers each day is guaranteed, and the chickens are driven back to the chicken house after being fed at 18: 00; cleaning the free-range field regularly, and spreading plant ash regularly; collecting chicken manure and performing harmless treatment.
The dietary fiber feed comprises the following components: mixing and grinding the microcrystalline cellulose mixed with the clostridium butyricum and the lactic acid bacteria and rice, and sieving the mixture by a 98-mesh sieve to obtain the milk powder, wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the rice to the clostridium butyricum to the lactic acid bacteria is 0.18:275:1: 1.6.
The preparation method of the chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following steps: cleaning Jerusalem artichoke, folium Syzygii Aromatici bud, and cortex Fraxini, adding 5.8 times of clear water, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 2.8 hr, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The biological protein feed is as follows: mixing testa Tritici, bean curd residue, manioc waste, waste molasses, lactobacillus, Bacillus bifidus and Bacillus coagulans uniformly, fermenting at 32 deg.C for 99h with humidity of 59%, and oven drying until water content is lower than 12%; wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bean curd residue, the cassava residue, the waste molasses, the lactic acid bacteria, the bifidobacteria and the bacillus coagulans is 115:170:100:43:3:2.8:1, and the corn is ground to pass through a 68-mesh sieve.
The chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of banana tree core, 65 parts of banana flower, 45 parts of houttuynia cordata, 50 parts of centella asiatica and 45 parts of peach leaf bud, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1.8cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 9.5 times of banana flower, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 170min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The selenium-rich feed is fed by the following steps: mixing the leftovers of shrimps and crabs, chicken liver, garlic, shepherd's purse and corn uniformly, grinding to 18 meshes, and mixing with a strain accounting for 0.4 percent of the total weight of the materials to obtain the feed, wherein the strain is bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis.
The traditional Chinese medicine liquid for the medium and large chickens is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of banana flower, 85 parts of loquat leaf, 90 parts of papaya leaf bud, 35 parts of papaya leaf, 95 parts of centella asiatica and 65 parts of Qingming grass, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1.4cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 6.8 times of banana flower, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 145min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
Example 5
A breeding method of high-quality local chickens comprises the steps of chick management, medium and large chicken management and free-range management, wherein the chick management stage feeds dietary fiber feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the chick management stage feeds bioprotein feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, the medium and large chicken management stage feeds selenium-rich feed and medium and large chicken traditional Chinese medicine water to chickens, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) chick management: selecting newly hatched chicks with loud clatter, bright feathers, good mental state, clean anus and sensitive reaction, and free-ranging the selected chicks on a dry ground, feeding the chicks with dietary fiber feed after 8 hours of hatching, feeding 3-5 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 g/chick, feeding the chicks with Chinese medicinal liquid after three days of hatching, feeding 1-2 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 mL/chick;
when the chicks are 4 days old, the coccidian vaccine is inoculated, and meanwhile, wood shavings, chaff, peanut shells and corncobs are used as padding with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and the water content of the padding is 40-45%; the stocking density is 220-250 per mu, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%;
(2) managing the chickens: after the chicks are raised for 33-36 days, the chicks are continuously raised in a scattered manner on a dry ground, and are fed with the biological protein feed and the Chinese medicinal liquid of the chicks for 3-4 times each day, wherein the feeding amount is 15-35 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times each day, and the feeding amount is 5-20 mL/chicken each time;
(3) managing medium and large chickens: when 1.8-2.5 jin of chicks are raised, scattered raising the chicks in an orchard, scattering insects, dry bean curd residues, peanut bran, vegetable leaves or shrimp and crab shells in the orchard, feeding selenium-rich feed and Chinese herbal medicine water for the medium and large chicks for 2-3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 20-45 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 10-30 mL/chicken each time;
(4) and (3) free-ranging management: in the chick stage, the chick is driven out of the henhouse for free-ranging after being fed at 9:00 a morning and is driven back to the henhouse after being fed at 17:00 a day; in the stage of feeding the chickens and the medium and large chickens 6:00 in the morning, the chickens are driven out of the chicken house for free-ranging, the condition that the chickens walk 0.8-1.0 kilometer each day is guaranteed, the medium and large chickens walk 1.6-2.0 kilometers each day is guaranteed, and the chickens are driven back to the chicken house after being fed at 18: 00; cleaning the free-range field regularly, and spreading plant ash regularly; collecting chicken manure and performing harmless treatment.
The dietary fiber feed comprises the following components: mixing and grinding the microcrystalline cellulose mixed with the clostridium butyricum and the lactic acid bacteria and rice, and sieving the mixture by a 95-mesh sieve to obtain the milk powder, wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the rice to the clostridium butyricum to the lactic acid bacteria is 0.15:270:1: 1.8.
The preparation method of the chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following steps: cleaning Jerusalem artichoke, folium Syzygii Aromatici bud, and cortex Fraxini, adding 5.5 times of clear water, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 2.5 hr, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The biological protein feed is as follows: mixing testa Tritici, bean curd residue, manioc waste, waste molasses, lactobacillus, Bacillus bifidus and Bacillus coagulans uniformly, fermenting at 32 deg.C for 98 hr under controlled humidity of 58%, and oven drying until the water content is lower than 12%; wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bean curd residue, the cassava residue, the waste molasses, the lactic acid bacteria, the bifidobacteria and the bacillus coagulans is 110:165:100:40:3:2.5:1, and the corn is ground to pass through a 65-mesh sieve.
The chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of banana tree core, 60 parts of banana flower, 40 parts of houttuynia cordata, 45 parts of centella asiatica and 40 parts of papaya leaf bud, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1-2 cm small sections respectively, then mixing uniformly, adding clear water with the weight 8-10 times of that of banana flowers, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 150-180 min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
The selenium-rich feed is fed by the following steps: mixing the leftovers of shrimps and crabs, chicken liver, garlic, shepherd's purse and corn uniformly, grinding to a 15-mesh sieve, and mixing with a strain accounting for 0.35 percent of the total weight of the materials to obtain the feed, wherein the strain is bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis.
The traditional Chinese medicine liquid for the medium and large chickens is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of banana flower, 80 parts of loquat leaf, 85 parts of papaya leaf bud, 30 parts of papaya leaf, 90 parts of centella asiatica and 60 parts of Qingming grass, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1.3cm segments, mixing, adding clear water 6.5 times of banana flower, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 140min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
Comparative example 1
The chicken was raised according to the method in patent application CN 201810654478.4.
To further illustrate that the present invention can achieve the technical effects, the following experiments were performed:
the method of the examples 1-5 and the comparative example 1 is used for breeding rural local chickens, disease occurrence and death of the chickens in each group are observed, and the experimental results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 1, when the method is used for breeding chickens, the disease incidence and mortality of the chickens at each stage are lower than those of the chickens in the prior art.
In conclusion, the fermentation treatment of the chicken manure can promote mineralization and humification of organic matter materials in the fermentation process, efficiently kill harmful bacteria and parasitic ova and eliminate secondary pollution of the chicken manure odor to the environment; by adding probiotics into the chicken feed and feeding the chicken with traditional Chinese medicine liquid and combining with the inoculation of coccidian vaccine to the chicken, the occurrence of common epidemic diseases of the chicken is greatly reduced, the use of antibiotics can be greatly reduced, the breeding benefit is promoted to be improved, and the problem of breeding environment pollution is well solved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding high-quality local chickens comprises the steps of chick management, medium and large chicken management and free-range management, and is characterized in that: the chicken management stage is used for feeding dietary fiber feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid for chickens, the chick management stage is used for feeding bioprotein feed and chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid for chickens, and the medium and large chicken management stage is used for feeding selenium-rich feed and medium and large chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid for chickens.
2. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dietary fiber feed comprises the following components: mixing and grinding the microcrystalline cellulose mixed with the clostridium butyricum and the lactic acid bacteria and rice, and sieving the mixture by a sieve of 90-100 meshes to obtain the milk beverage, wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the rice to the clostridium butyricum to the lactic acid bacteria is 0.1-0.2: 260-280: 1: 1.5-2.
3. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the chick traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following steps: cleaning jerusalem artichoke, folium fici Pumilae buds and cortex Fraxini with equal mass, adding clear water with the weight 5-6 times of that of the jerusalem artichoke, folium fici Pumilae buds and cortex Fraxini, boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 2-3 h, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
4. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biological protein feed is as follows: uniformly mixing bran, bean curd residue, cassava residue, waste molasses, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and bacillus coagulans, fermenting for 96-100 hours at the temperature of 30-33 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 55-60%, and drying until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain the product; wherein the mass ratio of the bran to the bean curd residue to the cassava residue to the waste molasses to the lactobacillus to the bifidobacterium to the bacillus coagulans is 100-120: 150-180: 100: 35-45: 3: 2-3: 1, and the corn is ground to pass through a sieve of 60-70 meshes.
5. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the chicken traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of banana tree core, 45-75 parts of banana flower, 25-55 parts of houttuynia cordata, 30-60 parts of centella asiatica and 25-55 parts of papaya leaf bud, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into 1-2 cm small sections respectively, then mixing uniformly, adding clear water with the weight 8-10 times of that of banana flowers, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 150-180 min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
6. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the selenium-rich feed is fed by the following steps: the shrimp and crab leftover materials, the chicken liver, the garlic, the capsella bursa-pastoris and the corn are uniformly mixed, ground to be sieved by a sieve with 10-20 meshes, and mixed with a strain accounting for 0.2-0.5% of the total weight of the materials to obtain the feed additive, wherein the strain is bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis.
7. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the traditional Chinese medicine liquid for the medium and large chickens is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-75 parts of banana flower, 65-95 parts of loquat leaf, 75-95 parts of papaya leaf bud, 20-40 parts of papaya leaf, 80-100 parts of centella and 50-70 parts of Qingming grass, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting all the raw materials into small sections of 1-1.5 cm, mixing uniformly, adding clear water of which the weight is 6-7 times that of banana flowers, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 130-150 min, filtering, and collecting filtrate.
8. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) chick management: selecting newly hatched chicks with loud clatter, bright feathers, good mental state, clean anus and sensitive reaction, and free-ranging the selected chicks on a dry ground, feeding the chicks with dietary fiber feed after 8 hours of hatching, feeding 3-5 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 g/chick, feeding the chicks with Chinese medicinal liquid after three days of hatching, feeding 1-2 times every day with the feeding amount of 5-15 mL/chick;
(2) managing the chickens: after the chicks are raised for 33-36 days, the chicks are continuously raised in a scattered manner on a dry ground, and are fed with the biological protein feed and the Chinese medicinal liquid of the chicks for 3-4 times each day, wherein the feeding amount is 15-35 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times each day, and the feeding amount is 5-20 mL/chicken each time;
(3) managing medium and large chickens: when 1.8-2.5 jin of chicks are raised, scattered raising the chicks in an orchard, scattering insects, dry bean curd residues, peanut bran, vegetable leaves or shrimp and crab shells in the orchard, feeding selenium-rich feed and Chinese herbal medicine water for the medium and large chicks for 2-3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 20-45 g/chicken each time, the feeding amount is 2-3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 10-30 mL/chicken each time;
(4) and (3) free-ranging management: in the chick stage, the chick is driven out of the henhouse for free-ranging after being fed at 9:00 a morning and is driven back to the henhouse after being fed at 17:00 a day; in the stage of feeding the chickens and the medium and large chickens 6:00 in the morning, the chickens are driven out of the chicken house for free-ranging, the condition that the chickens walk 0.8-1.0 kilometer each day is guaranteed, the medium and large chickens walk 1.6-2.0 kilometers each day is guaranteed, and the chickens are driven back to the chicken house after being fed at 18: 00; cleaning the free-range field regularly, and spreading plant ash regularly; collecting chicken manure and performing harmless treatment.
9. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), when the chicks are 4 days old, coccidian vaccines are inoculated, meanwhile, the wood shavings, the chaffs, the peanut shells and the corncobs are used as padding with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and the water content of the padding is 40-45%.
10. The method for breeding high-quality local chickens according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the stocking density is 220-250/mu, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 50-75%.
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| CN114304051A (en) * | 2021-11-13 | 2022-04-12 | 黑龙江省庆隆农业高科技综合推广有限公司 | Green organic chicken raising method |
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