CN112083490A - Seismic data noise attenuation method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides a method and a device for attenuating noise of seismic data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: extracting a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel; stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression. The method and the device can reduce noise in the seismic data, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data, and further improve the precision and accuracy of seismic exploration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a method and a device for attenuating seismic data noise.
Background
Oil and gas exploration is currently evolving in breadth and depth. The former aims at discovering new prospect fields; the latter requires to find oil and gas reservoirs with large buried depths and high complexity, and requires to solve the problems of fine structure, fine description of reservoir parameters and the like. Aiming at the problems required to be solved by the latter, the improvement of the quality and the precision of exploration data is very important. Therefore, the processing of the seismic data is one of the important links for improving the quality and the precision of exploration data, and the improvement of the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data is one of the important links for processing the seismic data. At present, noise suppression of seismic data is one of ways of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data, and for suppression of random noise in the seismic data, a denoising method mostly adopts a prediction and statistical method, the stronger the seismic data adjacent channel coherence is, the better the prediction effect is, the more accurate the random noise statistics is, and the higher the signal-to-noise separation degree is.
With the increasing difficulty of oil and gas exploration, oil and gas exploration of complex regions or complex oil and gas reservoirs has become a main target of oil and gas exploration. The complex terrain, the great difference of the physical properties near the surface of the earth, the complex change of geological structure and lithology, the underground anisotropy and the scattering of different mass points, etc. cause each frequency section of the collected seismic data to possibly generate strong noise, thus seriously affecting the processing effect of the seismic data. Meanwhile, the geological target also turns to lithological oil and gas finding from the original structure, and the requirement on the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is higher and higher. The existing noise suppression method is not suitable for processing seismic data of complex regions or complex oil and gas reservoirs.
Accordingly, there is a need for a noise suppression method that is suitable for processing seismic data for complex regions or complex reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for attenuating the noise of seismic data, which can reduce the noise in the seismic data, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and further improve the precision and the accuracy of seismic exploration.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for attenuating noise in seismic data, comprising:
extracting a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data;
respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel;
stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
and carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression.
Further, before extracting a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppressing the target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data, the method further includes:
and performing de-coding on the seismic data, and performing dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data.
Further, the extracting a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppressing the target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data includes:
determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
and extracting a plurality of original seismic channels with the difference of CDP line numbers, the difference of CDP numbers, the difference of offset distances and the difference of azimuth angles smaller than each preset value among the CDP line numbers, the CDP number, the offset distance and the target seismic channels in a preset CDP line number range, a CDP number range, an offset distance range and an azimuth angle range.
Further, before extracting the CDP line number difference, CDP number difference, offset difference and azimuth difference between the CDP line number and the target seismic trace in the preset CDP line number range, CDP number range, offset range and azimuth range, which are all smaller than the original seismic traces of each preset value, the method further comprises:
and sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, the azimuth, the CDP line number, the CDP number and the time sequence.
Further, the performing dip moveout correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel includes:
calculating a correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic channel and determining a view dip angle time difference corresponding to a correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
and performing dip moveout correction processing on each seismic channel according to each apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
Further, before the dip moveout correction processing is performed on each seismic channel according to each apparent dip moveout, the method further includes:
deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the related common values of the related spectrums, and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset related spectrum values;
correspondingly, the dip moveout correction processing is carried out on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
Further, the stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel includes:
adding the plurality of seismic channels after the dip moveout correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, and multiplying the result of the addition by a weighting coefficient to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
and adding the plurality of operation processing data to form the model seismic channel after noise suppression.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a seismic data noise attenuation device comprising:
the screening unit is used for extracting a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of the target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data;
the dip angle time difference correction unit is used for respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel;
the operation processing unit is used for stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
and the mixed wave processing unit is used for carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression.
Further, still include:
and the preprocessing unit is used for performing de-coding on the seismic data and performing dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data.
Further, the screening unit includes:
the target subunit is used for determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
and the extraction subunit is used for extracting a plurality of original seismic channels of which the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset difference and the azimuth difference with the target seismic channel are smaller than the preset values in the preset CDP line number range, the CDP number range, the offset range and the azimuth range.
Further, the screening unit further includes:
and the sequencing subunit is used for sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, the azimuth, the CDP line number, the CDP number and the time sequence.
Further, the inclination moveout correction unit includes:
the calculation subunit is used for calculating a correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic channel and determining a view dip angle time difference corresponding to a correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
and the corrector subunit is used for carrying out dip moveout correction processing on each seismic channel according to each apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
Further, the inclination moveout correction unit further includes:
the cutting subunit is used for respectively deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the related common values of the related spectrums and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset related spectrum values;
correspondingly, the corrector subunit performs dip moveout correction processing on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
Further, the arithmetic processing unit includes:
the computing subunit is used for performing addition processing on the plurality of seismic channels after the dip moveout correction and the extracted plurality of seismic channels, and multiplying the result of the addition processing by a weighting coefficient to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
and the processing subunit is used for adding the plurality of operation processing data to form the noise-suppressed model seismic channel.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the seismic data noise attenuation method when executing the program.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of a method of noise attenuation of seismic data as described.
According to the technical scheme, the invention provides a method and a device for attenuating the noise of seismic data, which are characterized in that a plurality of original seismic channels for performing noise suppression on a target seismic channel are extracted from preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel; stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and mixing the model seismic channels and the original seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression, so that the noise in the seismic data can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data can be improved, the waveform characteristics of the original seismic data can be better kept, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the seismic data are improved, and the precision and the accuracy of seismic exploration are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication structure of the seismic data noise attenuation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another communication configuration of the seismic data noise attenuation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method of noise attenuating seismic data in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is another schematic flow diagram of a method of noise attenuating seismic data in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of step S101 of the seismic data noise attenuation method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating step S102 of the seismic data noise attenuation method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart illustrating step S103 of the seismic data noise attenuation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a CDP gather before denoising in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of seismic data stacking before denoising in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a denoised seismic data stack in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a denoised CDP gather of FIG. 8 in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating noise removal in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the superposition of removed noise in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a seismic data noise attenuation apparatus in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is contemplated that existing methods for suppressing and attenuating noise in seismic data are not suitable for processing seismic data for complex regions or complex reservoirs. The invention provides a seismic data noise attenuation method, a seismic data noise attenuation device, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium, wherein a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of a target seismic channel are extracted from preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel; stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and performing mixed wave processing on the model seismic channels and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression, so that the noise in the seismic data can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is improved, and the precision and the accuracy of seismic exploration are further improved.
Based on the above, the present invention further provides a seismic data noise attenuation apparatus, which may be a server a1, referring to fig. 1, where the server a1 may be in communication connection with a client device B1, a user may input seismic data and other related data into the client device B1, the client device B1 may send the seismic data and other related data to a server a1 online, the server a1 may receive the seismic data and other related data sent by the client device B1 online, and then obtain corresponding seismic data according to the seismic data offline or online, and preprocess the seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; extracting a plurality of seismic channels for noise suppression of the target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on the plurality of seismic channels; performing operation processing on the plurality of seismic channels with the corrected dip moveout and the extracted plurality of seismic channels to form a model seismic channel after noise suppression; and carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and the extracted multiple seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression. Then, the server a1 sends the noise-suppressed seismic data online to the client device B1, so that the user knows the noise-suppressed seismic data via the client device B1.
Further, the server a1 may be communicatively connected to a seismic data acquisition device C1, see fig. 2, the seismic data acquisition device C1 may acquire seismic data and other related data directly from the target area, or may be communicatively connected to a database D1 to acquire corresponding seismic data and other related data from the database D1. The seismic data acquisition device C1 then sends seismic data and other related data to the server a 1.
It is understood that the client device B1 may include a smart phone, a tablet electronic device, a network set-top box, a portable computer, a desktop computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a vehicle-mounted device, a smart wearable device, etc. Wherein, intelligence wearing equipment can include intelligent glasses, intelligent wrist-watch, intelligent bracelet etc..
In practical applications, the noise attenuation of the seismic data may be performed in part on the server a1 side as described above, i.e., the architecture shown in fig. 1, or all operations may be performed in the client device B1. Specifically, the selection may be performed according to the processing capability of the client device B1, the limitation of the user usage scenario, and the like. The invention is not limited in this regard. If all of the operations are performed in the client device B1, the client device B1 may also include a processor for performing specific processing of seismic data noise attenuation.
The client device may have a communication module (i.e., a communication unit), and may be communicatively connected to a remote server to implement data transmission with the server. For example, the communication unit may transmit the seismic data and other related data input by the user to the server, so that the server performs seismic data noise attenuation according to the seismic data and other related data. The communication unit may also receive the attenuation result returned by the server. The server may include a server on the task scheduling center side, and in other implementation scenarios, the server may also include a server on an intermediate platform, for example, a server on a third-party server platform that is communicatively linked to the task scheduling center server. The server may include a single computer device, or may include a server cluster formed by a plurality of servers, or a server structure of a distributed apparatus.
The server and the client device may communicate using any suitable network protocol, including network protocols not yet developed at the filing date of the present application. The network protocol may include, for example, a TCP/IP protocol, a UDP/IP protocol, an HTTP protocol, an HTTPS protocol, or the like. Of course, the network Protocol may also include, for example, an RPC Protocol (Remote Procedure Call Protocol), a REST Protocol (Representational State Transfer Protocol), and the like used above the above Protocol.
The method can effectively reduce the noise in the seismic data, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and further improve the precision and accuracy of seismic exploration. The invention provides an embodiment of a method for attenuating noise in seismic data, which specifically includes the following contents with reference to fig. 3:
s101: extracting a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data;
s102: respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel;
in this step, the inclination moveout correction is performed to flatten the event of the seismic channel of the complex underground structure.
S103: stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
s104: and carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression.
In the step, the mixing treatment is to mix the model seismic channel and the plurality of seismic channels according to a certain percentage, and the seismic data after noise suppression is formed after mixing. The mixing percentage is selected by the user according to the actual situation of the treatment.
As can be seen from the above description, in the seismic data noise attenuation method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace are extracted from preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel; stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and performing mixed wave processing on the model seismic channels and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression, so that the noise in the seismic data can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is improved, and the precision and the accuracy of seismic exploration are further improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the present invention provides another embodiment of a method for attenuating seismic data noise, referring to fig. 4, before step S101, the method further includes:
s100: and performing de-coding on the seismic data, and performing dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data.
The seismic data in the step are three-dimensional high-density wide azimuth data, and the three-dimensional high-density wide azimuth data can be subjected to processing such as decoding, observation system arrangement, denoising, static correction, deconvolution, velocity analysis, energy compensation and the like before the step, so that the accuracy of the seismic data can be improved in advance by one step.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining three-dimensional high-density wide-azimuth seismic data, performing de-coding on the seismic data, converting binary data which are recorded on a seismic data carrier and arranged according to a time sequence into binary data which are arranged according to a channel sequence, and facilitating processing of the seismic data.
Wherein the reflection time-distance curve or the in-phase axis reflecting the subsurface is generally hyperbolic. Therefore, the time values of all the observation points are changed into the normal reflection time of corresponding points through dynamic correction, and the time-distance curve or the same-phase axis is consistent with the form of the underground interface, so that the same-phase superposition is realized. In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for implementing step S101 in the seismic data noise attenuation method is provided, and referring to fig. 5, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1011: determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
s1013: and extracting a plurality of original seismic channels with the difference of CDP line numbers, the difference of CDP numbers, the difference of offset distances and the difference of azimuth angles smaller than each preset value among the CDP line numbers, the CDP number, the offset distance and the target seismic channels in a preset CDP line number range, a CDP number range, an offset distance range and an azimuth angle range.
In this step, according to one of the CDP (common depth point) target seismic traces that need to be noise-suppressed, which is determined in step S1011, the CDP line number range and the CDP range are provided by the user, and the seismic trace most relevant to the target seismic trace, that is, the CDP number, the CDP line number, the offset distance, and the part of the seismic trace with the smallest azimuth difference from the seismic trace are searched within the offset range and the azimuth range set by the user.
And confirming the seismic trace with the difference of CDP line number, CDP number, offset distance and azimuth angle between the target seismic trace and the target seismic trace, wherein the seismic trace with the difference of CDP line number, CDP number, offset distance and azimuth angle smaller than each preset value is the most relevant seismic trace. In the seismic data, the included angle between the midpoint of the connecting line between the shot point and the demodulator probe and the X-axis direction of the coordinate system where the shot point is located is called azimuth angle.
It should be noted that, according to the above lines, a plurality of most relevant seismic traces can be determined, and the CDP number is a grid of the origin in the coordinate system along the X direction, for example: CDP number 10, i.e. origin to 10 th grid in X direction; CDP line numbers are the grid in the Y direction of the origin in the coordinate system, for example: CDP line number 20, origin to the 20 th grid in Y direction.
Further, before step S1013, the method further includes:
s1012: and sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, the azimuth, the CDP line number, the CDP number and the time sequence.
In the step, the preprocessed seismic data are sequenced according to offset, azimuth, CDP line number, CDP number and time sequence, and the sequenced seismic data form five-dimensional channel set data. And according to the five-dimensional trace set data formed after sorting, enabling the step S1013 to quickly extract a plurality of seismic traces according to preset conditions.
It should be noted that sorting and arranging seismic data has a large influence on the suppression effect of random noise, and high-dimensional data sorting and arranging can combine seismic traces with the same characteristics more finely.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for implementing step S102 in the seismic data noise attenuation method is provided, and referring to fig. 6, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1021: calculating a correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic channel and determining a view dip angle time difference corresponding to a correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
in this step, the main purpose of calculating the correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic trace is to obtain the apparent dip angles of the data caused by the dip angle, inclination, bending, etc. of the formation in the offset direction, azimuth direction, CDP number direction and CDP line number direction, and obtain the correlation spectrum of each trace of data in each sampling point and the corresponding apparent dip angles in the offset direction, azimuth direction, CDP number and CDP line number direction.
The invention adopts a dip angle scanning method to obtain the apparent dip angles, wherein the scanning range of the dip angle is defined by the time difference (millisecond) of adjacent tracks, and the scanning range of the apparent dip angle defined by millisecond is converted into the scanning number ndipo in the offset direction, the scanning number ndipa in the azimuth direction, the scanning number ndipxl in the CDP number direction and the scanning number ndipsl in the CDP line number direction in the actual operation. For each sample point in a seismic trace, the associated spectral values are:
NS＝ndipo×ndipa×ndipsl×ndipxl (1)
further, the following formula is adopted to determine the view dip angle time difference corresponding to the correlation spectrum value:
where the numerator is the square of the sum of the amplitudes, the denominator is the sum of the number of coverage M and the square of the amplitude, fa,o,y,x,tThe amplitude values at azimuth angle a, offset distance o, CDP line number direction y, CDP line number direction x, time t after the apparent dip angle correction are shown.
S1023: and performing dip moveout correction processing on each seismic channel according to each apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
In this step, the inclination moveout correction is performed to flatten the event of the seismic channel of the complex underground structure.
Further, before step S1023, the method further includes:
s1022: deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the related common values of the related spectrums, and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset related spectrum values;
in this step, in order to obtain a reliable apparent dip angle, the relevant spectrum value must be cut to improve the reliable precision of the apparent dip angle, the value range of the preset relevant spectrum value is 0 to 1, and a user can set a threshold value, the threshold value of the data is 0.4, if the threshold value is lower than the threshold value, the obtained apparent dip angle is considered to be unreliable and not participate in the processing, and the apparent dip angle larger than or equal to 0.4 is obtained by interpolation in the time direction, so that the reliability of the apparent dip angle can be improved.
After the cutting processing is performed on the correlation spectrum values, correspondingly, the dip moveout correction processing is performed on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent dip moveout.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for implementing step S103 in the seismic data noise attenuation method is provided, and referring to fig. 7, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1031: adding the plurality of seismic channels after the dip moveout correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, and multiplying the result of the addition by a weighting coefficient to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
in this step, by performing the inclination time difference correction processing, the apparent inclination can be smoothed in the time direction, and the stability of the apparent inclination is enhanced. And adding the plurality of seismic channels after the dip moveout correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, so that the apparent dip noise can be eliminated as much as possible.
It can be understood that each seismic trace after the dip moveout correction is subjected to addition processing with the seismic trace before the dip moveout correction, and the result of each addition processing is multiplied by the weighting coefficient corresponding to the seismic trace before the dip moveout correction. Wherein each seismic trace corresponds to a weighting coefficient, and the weighting coefficient is performed by using the following formula:
wherein, beta is a weighting coefficient, S is the distance from the midpoint of the connecting line between the shot point coordinate and the demodulator probe coordinate to the CDP point, and L is the diagonal length of the coordinate grid in the coordinate system where the CDP point is located.
The weighting coefficient refers to the coefficient of each seismic trace in the same CDP offsetting the CDP midpoint, when calculating the weighting coefficient, firstly, the central point coordinate of the CDP is calculated according to the origin coordinate provided by the user and the provided coordinate grid, the shot point coordinate and the wave detection point coordinate of each seismic trace are obtained, firstly, the midpoint coordinate of the connecting line of the shot point seat and the wave detection point of each seismic trace is calculated, then, the distance S from the CDP coordinate to the shot detection connecting line midpoint coordinate is calculated, meanwhile, the diagonal length L of the grid is calculated, and then the ratio of the S/L is calculated. Subtracting this ratio by 1 yields a weighting factor, which is typically between 0 and 1.
S1032: and adding the plurality of operation processing data to form the model seismic channel after noise suppression.
In the step, a plurality of operation processing data are added, so that a reliable denoising model seismic channel can be established.
For the seismic data noise attenuation method provided in the above embodiment, in an embodiment of the present invention, a specific application example of the seismic data noise attenuation method is provided, which specifically includes the following contents:
the acquired three-dimensional high-density wide-azimuth seismic data are preprocessed according to the steps of the method embodiment, and the processed data are arranged according to offset, azimuth angle, line number, CDP number and time, so that a five-dimensional data body can be formed, wherein adjacent channels in the five-dimensional data body have better correlation.
Wherein, the grid size is 12.5 × 12.5, the maximum offset distance is 7200 m, and the origin coordinates are: x is 511293.3, Y is 3094408.8, CDP number is 10, CDP line number is 20; the CDP center coordinates are: CDPX of 511293.3+10 × 12.5 of 511418.3, CDPY of 3094408.8+12.5 × 20 of 3094658.8; the coordinates of the shot points of the seismic channels needing noise attenuation are obtained from the seismic data as follows: spX-511798.2, spY-3094759.8, the coordinates of the demodulator probe are: gpX-511040.4, gpY-3094560.8; the coordinates of the shot-checking midpoint of the seismic channel are as follows: and X 'is 511420.3, and Y' is 3094660.3, wherein the coordinates of the midpoint of the shot-geophone connecting line are half of the coordinates of the sum of the shot point and the geophone point.
Thus, the distance between the shot detection midpoint and the CDP coordinate point can be calculated to be S which is 2.5 meters, and the diagonal length of the coordinate grid is as follows: l-sqrt (2 × 12.5 × 12.5) ═ 17.675, sqrt () is the square function, and the weighting coefficients are: β is 1-2.5/17.675 is 0.1414.
At the same time, the azimuth angle can be calculatedComprises the following steps:
if a calculated by the patent is more than 360 degrees, a can directly pay a zero value, namely: a is 0 degrees, if a is less than zero, a is a +360 degrees, and after the former two conditions are performed, a is directly given a value of-180 degrees if a still exists, i.e., a is-180 degrees.
After the noise attenuation is performed on the CDP gather before denoising shown in FIG. 8 according to the steps in the method embodiment, the signal-to-noise ratio of the CDP gather before denoising is very low, the in-phase axis of the effective signal is difficult to see on the section plane of the CDP seismic gather, and the in-phase axis is fuzzy and unclear after superposition. As shown in fig. 9-10, the seismic data before and after denoising are stacked, and the in-phase axis of the stacked effective signal after denoising is clearer. As shown in fig. 11, the effective signal event is clearly visible on the CDP gather after denoising. Fig. 12 shows the noise output after denoising, and no significant effective signal is present in the noise of the CDP gather, which shows that the original waveform characteristics of the seismic data are substantially maintained after denoising, and the denoising fidelity is high, which can also be verified on the noise stack section. FIG. 13 shows that no significant effective signal event exists on the noise superposition section, which proves that the method well maintains the waveform characteristics of the in-situ seismic data after denoising.
From the above description, the seismic data noise attenuation method provided by the embodiment of the application can better keep the waveform characteristics of the original seismic data after denoising, and can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the seismic data to a great extent, so as to improve the accuracy and precision of seismic exploration.
The embodiment of the invention provides a specific implementation mode of a seismic data noise attenuation device capable of realizing all contents in the seismic data noise attenuation method, and the specific implementation mode specifically comprises the following contents with reference to fig. 14:
a screening unit 20, configured to extract a plurality of original seismic traces used for noise suppression of a target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data;
the dip moveout correction unit 30 is configured to perform dip moveout correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel;
the operation processing unit 40 is configured to stack each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
and the mixed wave processing unit 50 is configured to perform mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression.
Further, still include:
and the preprocessing unit 10 is used for performing de-coding on the seismic data and performing dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data.
Further, the screening unit 20 includes:
the target subunit 201 is configured to determine a target seismic trace needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
and the extraction subunit 203 is used for extracting a plurality of original seismic channels, of which the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset difference and the azimuth difference between the CDP line number and the target seismic channel are smaller than the preset values, in the preset CDP line number range, the CDP number range, the offset range and the azimuth range.
Further, the screening unit 20 further includes:
and the sequencing subunit 202 is used for sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, the azimuth, the CDP line number, the CDP number and the time sequence.
Further, the inclination moveout correction unit 30 includes:
the calculation subunit 301 is configured to calculate a correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic trace and determine a dip angle time difference corresponding to a correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
and the syndrome unit 303 is configured to perform dip moveout correction processing on each seismic channel according to each apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
Further, the inclination moveout correction unit 30 further includes:
a cutting subunit 302, configured to delete the multiple dip moveouts and the multiple seismic traces according to the correlation general values of the correlation spectrum, and retain the dip moveouts and the seismic traces that are greater than the preset correlation spectrum value;
correspondingly, the corrector subunit 303 performs dip moveout correction processing on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
Further, the arithmetic processing unit 40 includes:
an operation subunit 401, configured to perform addition processing on the plurality of seismic traces with the corrected dip moveout and the extracted plurality of seismic traces, and multiply the result of the addition processing by a weighting coefficient to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
and the processing subunit 402 is configured to add the multiple pieces of operation processing data to form a noise-suppressed model seismic trace.
The embodiment of the seismic data noise attenuation apparatus provided by the present invention may be specifically used for executing the processing flow of the embodiment of the seismic data noise attenuation method in the above embodiment, and the function of the processing flow is not described herein again, and reference may be made to the detailed description of the above method embodiment.
As can be seen from the above description, the seismic data noise attenuation apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention extracts a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace from preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel; stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel; and performing mixed wave processing on the model seismic channels and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression, so that the noise in the seismic data can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is improved, and the precision and the accuracy of seismic exploration are further improved.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a specific implementation manner of an electronic device capable of implementing all steps in the seismic data noise attenuation method in the foregoing embodiment, and referring to fig. 15, the electronic device specifically includes the following contents:
a processor (processor)601, a memory (memory)602, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)603, and a bus 604;
the processor 601, the memory 602 and the communication interface 603 complete mutual communication through the bus 604; the processor 601 is used to call the computer program in the memory 602, and the processor executes the computer program to implement all the steps in the seismic data noise attenuation method in the above embodiments, for example, the processor executes the computer program to implement the following steps: preprocessing the seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; extracting a plurality of seismic channels for noise suppression of the target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on the plurality of seismic channels; performing operation processing on the plurality of seismic channels with the corrected dip moveout and the extracted plurality of seismic channels to form a model seismic channel after noise suppression; and carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and the extracted multiple seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium capable of implementing all the steps in the seismic data noise attenuation method in the above embodiment, where the computer-readable storage medium stores thereon a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements all the steps in the seismic data noise attenuation method in the above embodiment, for example, the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program: preprocessing the seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; extracting a plurality of seismic channels for noise suppression of the target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data; respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on the plurality of seismic channels; performing operation processing on the plurality of seismic channels with the corrected dip moveout and the extracted plurality of seismic channels to form a model seismic channel after noise suppression; and carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and the extracted multiple seismic channels to form seismic data after noise suppression.
Although the present invention provides method steps as described in the examples or flowcharts, more or fewer steps may be included based on routine or non-inventive labor. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When an actual apparatus or client product executes, it may execute sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in the context of parallel processors or multi-threaded processing) according to the embodiments or methods shown in the figures.
The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. One typical implementation device is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a vehicle-mounted human-computer interaction device, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present description may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
The embodiments of this specification may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The described embodiments may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment. In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description. Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention is not limited to any single aspect, nor is it limited to any single embodiment, nor is it limited to any combination and/or permutation of these aspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each aspect and/or embodiment of the present invention may be utilized alone or in combination with one or more other aspects and/or embodiments thereof.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (16)
1. A method of noise attenuating seismic data, comprising:
extracting a plurality of original seismic traces for noise suppression of a target seismic trace from the preprocessed seismic data;
respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel;
stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
and carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression.
2. The seismic data noise attenuation method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to extracting a plurality of original seismic traces in the preprocessed seismic data for noise suppressing the target seismic trace,:
and performing de-coding on the seismic data, and performing dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data.
3. The seismic data noise attenuation method of claim 1, wherein extracting a plurality of original seismic traces in the preprocessed seismic data for noise suppressing the target seismic trace comprises:
determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
and extracting a plurality of original seismic channels with the difference of CDP line numbers, the difference of CDP numbers, the difference of offset distances and the difference of azimuth angles smaller than each preset value among the CDP line numbers, the CDP number, the offset distance and the target seismic channels in a preset CDP line number range, a CDP number range, an offset distance range and an azimuth angle range.
4. The seismic-data noise attenuation method of claim 3, wherein before extracting the difference between the CDP line number, the CDP number, the offset distance and the azimuth angle of the target seismic trace within a preset CDP line number range, CDP number range, offset distance range and azimuth angle range, the plurality of original seismic traces are smaller than each preset value, the method further comprises:
and sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, the azimuth, the CDP line number, the CDP number and the time sequence.
5. The seismic data noise attenuation method of claim 1, wherein the performing dip moveout correction processing on each of the original seismic traces to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic trace comprises:
calculating a correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic channel and determining a view dip angle time difference corresponding to a correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
and performing dip moveout correction processing on each seismic channel according to each apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
6. The seismic data noise attenuation method of claim 5, wherein prior to performing dip moveout correction processing on each seismic trace based on each apparent dip moveout, further comprising:
deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the related common values of the related spectrums, and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset related spectrum values;
correspondingly, the dip moveout correction processing is carried out on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
7. The seismic data noise attenuation method of claim 1, wherein said stacking each of said corrected seismic traces and each of said original seismic traces to obtain model seismic traces comprises:
adding the plurality of seismic channels after the dip moveout correction and the plurality of extracted seismic channels, and multiplying the result of the addition by a weighting coefficient to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
and adding the plurality of operation processing data to form the model seismic channel after noise suppression.
8. A seismic data noise attenuation device, comprising:
the screening unit is used for extracting a plurality of original seismic channels for noise suppression of the target seismic channel from the preprocessed seismic data;
the dip angle time difference correction unit is used for respectively carrying out dip angle time difference correction processing on each original seismic channel to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel;
the operation processing unit is used for stacking each corrected seismic channel and each original seismic channel to obtain a model seismic channel;
and the mixed wave processing unit is used for carrying out mixed wave processing on the model seismic channel and each original seismic channel to form seismic data after noise suppression.
9. The seismic data noise attenuation device of claim 8, further comprising:
and the preprocessing unit is used for performing de-coding on the seismic data and performing dynamic correction on the de-coded seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data.
10. The seismic data noise attenuation device of claim 8, wherein the screening unit comprises:
the target subunit is used for determining a target seismic channel needing noise suppression in the preprocessed seismic data;
and the extraction subunit is used for extracting a plurality of original seismic channels of which the CDP line number difference, the CDP number difference, the offset difference and the azimuth difference with the target seismic channel are smaller than the preset values in the preset CDP line number range, the CDP number range, the offset range and the azimuth range.
11. The seismic data noise attenuation device of claim 10, wherein the screening unit further comprises:
and the sequencing subunit is used for sequencing the preprocessed seismic data according to the offset, the azimuth, the CDP line number, the CDP number and the time sequence.
12. The seismic data noise attenuation device of claim 8, wherein the dip moveout correction unit comprises:
the calculation subunit is used for calculating a correlation spectrum corresponding to each seismic channel and determining a view dip angle time difference corresponding to a correlation spectrum value of each correlation spectrum;
and the corrector subunit is used for carrying out dip moveout correction processing on each seismic channel according to each apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
13. The seismic data noise attenuation device of claim 12, wherein the dip moveout correction unit further comprises:
the cutting subunit is used for respectively deleting the plurality of dip angle time differences and the plurality of seismic channels according to the related common values of the related spectrums and reserving the dip angle time differences and the seismic channels which are larger than the preset related spectrum values;
correspondingly, the corrector subunit performs dip moveout correction processing on each reserved seismic channel according to each reserved apparent dip moveout to obtain each corresponding corrected seismic channel.
14. The seismic data noise attenuation device of claim 8, wherein the arithmetic processing unit comprises:
the computing subunit is used for performing addition processing on the plurality of seismic channels after the dip moveout correction and the extracted plurality of seismic channels, and multiplying the result of the addition processing by a weighting coefficient to obtain a plurality of operation processing data;
and the processing subunit is used for adding the plurality of operation processing data to form the noise-suppressed model seismic channel.
15. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program performs the steps of the seismic data noise attenuation method of any of claims 1 to 7.
16. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the steps of the seismic data noise attenuation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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