CN112083283A - Power distribution network fault section positioning method based on fault component frequency band distribution difference - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a power distribution network fault section positioning method based on fault component frequency band distribution difference, and belongs to the technical field of relay protection of power systems. A plurality of feeder terminal devices are arranged on a feeder of a resonant grounded distribution network along a line through electromagnetic transient simulation to serve as measuring points, zero-mode current transient pure fault components of the measuring points are calculated after fault starting conditions are met, wavelet packet decomposition is carried out on the fault components, wavelet transient energy of each frequency band is obtained, and energy factors are used for representing distribution of the wavelet transient energy. And then calculating the transient energy distribution chi-square value of adjacent measuring points to form a discriminant, and obtaining a fault section by the discriminant so as to realize fault section positioning. The invention realizes the localization processing of the recording data, completes the compression and extraction of the information, reduces the communication traffic, does not need to realize the accurate time synchronization, has great difference of the transient energy distribution of the fault section and has sufficient margin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power distribution network fault section positioning method based on fault component frequency band distribution difference, and belongs to the technical field of relay protection of power systems.
Background
The power distribution network is the last link of electric energy transmission, is the link in which the electric power system is most closely connected with users, and plays a role in the hub of electric energy distribution. According to statistics, 90% of faults of the power system occur on the side of the power distribution network, wherein the probability of single-phase earth faults of the power distribution network is the highest, and accounts for about 80% of total faults of the power distribution network. Therefore, after the single-phase earth fault occurs in the power distribution network, the fault section is quickly positioned, so that the practical significance for searching the fault position, isolating the fault and recovering the normal power supply of the non-fault section is very important, and the important requirement for the construction of the intelligent power distribution network is met.
In a neutral point non-effective grounding system, when a single-phase grounding fault occurs, a fault phase voltage is reduced, a non-fault phase voltage is increased to be the original line voltage, but the line voltage is still symmetrical at the moment, the continuous power supply to a load is not influenced, and the system can continuously run for 1-2 hours with the fault according to the regulation of relevant regulations. However, with the continuous development of economy, the number of feeders of a power distribution network is more and more, and power cable lines are also more and more widely applied to the power distribution network, so that the capacitance to ground of the power distribution network is increased, after a single-phase ground fault occurs, the capacitance current of the system is large, automatic arc extinction cannot be achieved, and the fault operation in a long time can cause the non-fault phase insulation weak point to be broken down again, so that two-point or multi-point faults are formed, and the fault is enlarged.
The 'technical guidance of distribution networks' issued in 2017 increases the requirements of permanent single-phase earth fault line selection and section selection and near quick isolation of a low-current grounding system, and changes the traditional method of continuously operating for two hours under the condition of single-phase earth fault for a long time. The distribution network is mostly radial, and the branch is many, and the structure is complicated, and the topology is changeful, and many places of distribution network do not possess measurable condition moreover, and the distribution network signal is weak in addition, and it is bigger to compare in transmission network decay, even this makes even under the prerequisite of confirming the trouble feeder, also hardly fixes a position the accurate distance of breaking down. Many fault location methods are only theoretically feasible or feasible in a laboratory environment, and are difficult to adapt to the severe operating environment of a real power distribution network.
Foreign and domestic scholars have conducted many researches on the problem of fault location of a low-current grounding system and put forward many location algorithms. These algorithms can be classified into active, passive and active-passive combined fault location methods according to the difference of the utilized signals. The active fault positioning method is to inject a signal with a specific frequency into a system after a fault occurs, and determine the fault position by detecting the distribution of the signal in the system; the passive fault location method is that the fault position is located according to different fault location principles by detecting signals such as current, voltage and the like formed after the fault; the active and passive combined fault positioning method utilizes the wave recording data collected after the fault, and obtains new wave recording data by actively changing the grounding mode of the neutral point. And the fault section positioning and the fault accurate positioning can be divided according to whether the positioning result is the accurate fault distance.
To complete fault section positioning, the steady-state and transient characteristics of each FTU zero-mode current on the feeder line, such as the distribution rule of the zero-mode current on the feeder line, such as amplitude, polarity, and frequency, need to be studied in depth. The invention mainly analyzes the distribution rule of steady-state zero-mode current, the distribution rule and the frequency characteristic of transient-state zero-mode current of a small-current grounding system, and obtains that the free oscillation frequencies of the transient-state zero-mode current of the measuring points at two sides of a healthy section are close no matter at the upstream or downstream of a fault point, and the difference of the free oscillation frequencies of the transient-state zero-mode current of the measuring points at the upstream and downstream of the fault section is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a power distribution network fault section positioning method based on fault component frequency band distribution difference, which is used for realizing correct fault section positioning and solving the problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a distribution network fault section positioning method based on fault component frequency band distribution difference is characterized in that a plurality of Feeder Terminal Units (FTUs) are arranged on a resonant grounding distribution network feeder line along a line through electromagnetic transient simulation to serve as measuring points, zero mode current transient pure fault components of the measuring points are calculated after fault starting conditions are met, wavelet packet decomposition is carried out on the fault components, wavelet transient energy of each frequency band is obtained, and energy factors are used for representing distribution of the wavelet transient energy. And then calculating the transient energy distribution chi-square value of adjacent measuring points to form a discriminant, and obtaining a fault section by the discriminant so as to realize fault section positioning.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: a plurality of Feeder Terminal Units (FTUs) are arranged on one feeder of a resonant grounding power distribution network along a line through electromagnetic transient simulation to serve as measuring points, a single-phase grounding fault is arranged at any position, and after a fault starting condition is met, zero-mode current of the section where each measuring point is located is extracted.
Step 2: subtracting the first power frequency period before the fault from the first power frequency period after the fault of the zero-mode current and then subtracting the steady-state power frequency period after the fault to obtain a transient pure fault component i of the zero-mode current0jp：
i0jp＝i0j(1)-i0j(-1)-i0j(10),j＝1,2,…,n
In the formula i0j(1) For the first power frequency cycle sampled value after zero sequence current fault, i0j(-1) is the first power frequency period sampling value before zero sequence current fault, i0j(10) And the sampling value is the tenth power frequency period sampling value after the zero sequence current fault.
Step 3: extracting zero-mode current transient pure fault component i0jpAnd (3) carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the data 2ms before the fault and 5ms after the fault, wherein the wavelet basis is selected to be db10, and the decomposition layer number is 5.
Step 4: and solving the energy of the wavelet coefficient corresponding to each frequency band, wherein the energy of each frequency band is as follows:
in the formula, E (j, k) is a coefficient in the (j, k) th sub-band after wavelet packet decomposition, n coefficients are provided in total, and the proportion of energy of each sub-band to total energy is calculated and defined as an energy factor p (j, k):
in the formula, E∑Representing the sum of energy of each frequency sub-band of the signal, and p (j, k) is the proportion of the energy of the (j, k) th frequency sub-band in the total energy after the wavelet packet decomposition.
Step 5: solving the chi-square value of the energy distribution of adjacent measuring points:
in the formula (f)0Representing the actual frequency, feIndicating the theoretical frequency.
Step 6: and taking the measuring points close to the bus as theoretical values, selecting the frequency bands of the first two of the energy distributions as a group, taking the sum of the other frequency bands as a group, taking the downstream measuring points as actual values, calculating the chi-square value of the frequency band energy distributions of the two measuring points, and judging that a section is a fault section when the chi-square value of the section is greater than a critical value.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the same bus of the distribution network is provided with a plurality of feeders, and the sum of the lengths of the feeders of the sound lines is generally larger than that of the fault feeders. After a single-phase earth fault occurs in the system, the free oscillation frequency of the transient zero-mode current at the upstream of the fault point is lower than that at the downstream of the fault point, namely, the main energy of the transient zero-mode current at the upstream of the fault point is concentrated in a low-frequency band, and the main energy of the transient zero-mode current at the downstream of the fault point is concentrated in a high-frequency band. And determining that the measuring point is positioned at the upstream or downstream of the fault point through the wavelet energy distribution of the zero-mode current transient pure fault component extracted from the measuring point, thereby realizing fault section positioning.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention realizes the localization processing of the recording data, completes the compression and extraction of the information, reduces the communication traffic, does not need to realize the accurate time synchronization, has great difference of the transient energy distribution of the fault section and has sufficient margin.
2. The invention has certain anti-transition resistance capability. With the increase of the transition resistance, even when a high-resistance ground fault occurs, the transient energy at the upstream of the fault point is still concentrated in the low-frequency band, while the transient energy at the downstream of the fault point is still concentrated in the high-frequency band, which does not affect the essence of the positioning principle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power distribution network system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the point A when a ground fault occurs in the segment BC in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transient energy distribution diagram at a point B measured when a ground fault occurs in a segment BC in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the C measuring point when the BC segment has a ground fault in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the D measurement point when the BC segment has a ground fault in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the point E when a ground fault occurs in the BC segment in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the point A when a ground fault occurs in the CD segment in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the point B when a ground fault occurs in the CD segment in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the C measuring point when a ground fault occurs in the CD segment in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the D measuring point when a ground fault occurs in the CD segment in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the point E when a ground fault occurs in the CD segment in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the point A when a ground fault occurs in the section DE in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the B measuring point when the DE section has a ground fault in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the C measuring point when the DE section has a ground fault in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the D measuring point when the DE section has a ground fault in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a transient energy distribution diagram at the point E when a ground fault occurs in the section DE in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
Firstly, a power distribution network simulation model shown in fig. 1 is established by utilizing PSCAD/EMTDC, a 110kV/10kV substation has 6 outgoing lines in total, feeder lines L1, L2, L3 and L5 are overhead lines, feeder line L4 is a cable hybrid line, and L6 is a pure cable line. 5 measuring points are distributed on the line L1 and are respectively marked as measuring points A, B, C, D and E, and the distance between adjacent measuring points is 3 km. Wherein, the positive sequence impedance of the overhead feeder is: r1 ═ 0.45 Ω/km, L1 ═ 1.172mH/km, C1 ═ 6.1nF/km, zero sequence impedance: r0 ═ 0.7 Ω/km, L0 ═ 3.91mH/km, C0 ═ 3.8 nF/km; the positive sequence impedance of the cable feeder is: r1 ═ 0.075 Ω/km, L1 ═ 0.254mH/km, C1 ═ 318nF/km, and the zero-sequence impedance is: r0 ═ 0.102 Ω/km, L0 ═ 0.892mH/km, and C0 ═ 212 nF/km. The neutral point of the power distribution system is led out from a Z-shaped grounding transformer of a bus and is grounded through an arc suppression coil, the compensation mode of the arc suppression coil is overcompensation, and the system sampling frequency is 20 kHz.
Example 1:
(1) suppose that a single-phase earth fault occurs at a distance of 1km from a point B on a feeder line L1 shown in FIG. 1, the initial phase angle of the fault is 90 degrees, and the transition resistance is 200 omega.
(2) After the fault starting condition is met, extracting zero-mode current from each measuring point, subtracting the first power frequency period before the fault from the first power frequency period after the fault of the zero-mode current, and subtracting the steady-state power frequency period after the fault to obtain a zero-mode current transient pure fault component i0jp。
(3) Extraction of i0jpAnd (3) carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on data 2ms before the fault and 5ms after the fault, selecting 'db 10' as a wavelet basis, setting the decomposition layer number to be 5, and calculating wavelet coefficient energy and energy factors corresponding to 32 frequency bands.
(4) And calculating the chi-square value of the energy distribution of the adjacent measuring points to form a fault discriminant of [ 0.097459.07055.25190.4288 ], namely the chi-square value of the BC measuring points is far larger than a critical value, and the section can be judged to be a fault section.
Example 2:
(1) suppose that a single-phase earth fault occurs at a distance of 1km from a point C on a feeder line L1 shown in FIG. 1, the initial phase angle of the fault is 30 degrees, and the transition resistance is 100 omega.
(2) After the fault starting condition is met, extracting zero-mode current from each measuring point, subtracting the first power frequency period before the fault from the first power frequency period after the fault of the zero-mode current, and subtracting the steady-state power frequency period after the fault to obtain a zero-mode current transient pure fault component i0jp。
(3) Extraction of i0jpAnd (3) carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on data 2ms before the fault and 5ms after the fault, selecting 'db 10' as a wavelet basis, setting the decomposition layer number to be 5, and calculating wavelet coefficient energy and energy factors corresponding to 32 frequency bands.
(4) The chi-square value of the energy distribution of the adjacent measuring points is calculated to form a fault discriminant of [ 0.00500.207556.08234.9686 ], namely the chi-square value of the two measuring points of the CD is far larger than the critical value, and the section can be judged to be a fault section.
Example 3:
(1) suppose that a single-phase earth fault occurs at a distance D of 1km from a point D on a feeder line L1 shown in FIG. 1, the initial phase angle of the fault is 60 degrees, and the transition resistance is 300 omega.
(2) After the fault starting condition is met, extracting zero-mode current from each measuring point, subtracting the first power frequency period before the fault from the first power frequency period after the fault of the zero-mode current, and subtracting the steady-state power frequency period after the fault to obtain a zero-mode current transient pure fault component i0jp。
(3) Extraction of i0jpAnd (3) carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on data 2ms before the fault and 5ms after the fault, selecting 'db 10' as a wavelet basis, setting the decomposition layer number to be 5, and calculating wavelet coefficient energy and energy factors corresponding to 32 frequency bands.
(4) And calculating the chi-square value of the energy distribution of the adjacent measuring points to form a fault discrimination expression [ 0.01531.89380.1546111.0206 ], namely the chi-square value of the two measuring points of DE is far greater than a critical value, and the section can be judged to be a fault section.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A distribution network fault section positioning method based on fault component frequency band distribution difference is characterized in that:
step 1: a plurality of feeder terminal devices are arranged on a feeder of a resonant grounding power distribution network along a line through electromagnetic transient simulation to serve as measuring points, a single-phase grounding fault is arranged at any position, and after a fault starting condition is met, zero-mode current of the section where each measuring point is located is extracted;
step 2: subtracting the first power frequency period before the fault from the first power frequency period after the fault of the zero-mode current and then subtracting the steady-state power frequency period after the fault to obtain a transient pure fault component i of the zero-mode current0jp：
i0jp＝i0j(1)-i0j(-1)-i0j(10),j＝1,2,…,n
In the formula i0j(1) For the first power frequency cycle sampled value after zero sequence current fault, i0j(-1) is the first power frequency period sampling value before zero sequence current fault, i0j(10) The sampling value is the tenth power frequency period sampling value after the zero sequence current fault;
step 3: extracting zero-mode current transient pure fault component i0jpCarrying out wavelet packet decomposition on data 2ms before the fault and 5ms after the fault, wherein the wavelet basis is selected to be db10, and the number of decomposition layers is 5;
step 4: and solving the energy of the wavelet coefficient corresponding to each frequency band, wherein the energy of each frequency band is as follows:
in the formula, E (j, k) is a coefficient in the (j, k) th sub-band after wavelet packet decomposition, n coefficients are provided in total, and the proportion of energy of each sub-band to total energy is calculated and defined as an energy factor p (j, k):
in the formula, E∑Representing the sum of energy of each frequency sub-band of the signal, wherein p (j, k) is the proportion of the energy of the (j, k) th frequency sub-band in the total energy after wavelet packet decomposition;
step 5: solving the chi-square value of the energy distribution of adjacent measuring points:
in the formula (f)0Representing the actual frequency, feRepresenting the theoretical frequency;
step 6: and taking the measuring points close to the bus as theoretical values, selecting the frequency bands of the first two of the energy distributions as a group, taking the sum of the other frequency bands as a group, taking the downstream measuring points as actual values, calculating the chi-square value of the frequency band energy distributions of the two measuring points, and judging that a section is a fault section when the chi-square value of the section is greater than a critical value.
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| CN116359674A (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-30 | 昆明理工大学 | Active power distribution network fault positioning method and system based on fault transient signals |
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