CN112082997B - Bubble trajectory method and device for evaluating dynamic sand suspending capacity of fracturing fluid - Google Patents
Bubble trajectory method and device for evaluating dynamic sand suspending capacity of fracturing fluid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bubble trajectory line method and a device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of fracturing fluid, comprising a bubble generation part, a bubble trajectory testing part and a gas-liquid separation part; the bubble generation part comprises a gas source and a bubble generator; the bubble track testing part comprises a visual crack simulation testing section, a flowmeter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a coordinate grid line, wherein the coordinate grid line is positioned on one side of the visual crack simulation testing section; the gas-liquid separation part comprises a gas-liquid separator; fracturing fluid in the gas-liquid separator flows in the visual crack simulation test section after being driven by the pump, and the bubble generator releases bubble strings from the bottom of the visual crack simulation test section to form a bubble trajectory line under the conditions of known pressure, temperature and flow. The invention avoids complex operations such as adding sand grains and cleaning sand grains, and the method is visual, simple and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bubble trajectory method and a bubble trajectory device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of a fracturing fluid.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing is an important technique for the stimulation of oil and gas wells. The sand grains or the ceramic grains carried by the fracturing fluid are also called as propping agents, and the cracks formed in the stratum by hydraulic fracturing can be maintained only by the propping of the propping agents, so that oil gas is easier to seep out of the cracks, and the aim of increasing the yield is fulfilled. The fracturing fluid with strong sand suspending capacity is beneficial to reasonable distribution of the propping agent in the fracture, and the evaluation of the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid has important significance for optimizing the hydraulic fracturing process.
The fracturing fluid has the characteristics of a shear thinning non-Newtonian fluid, and the dynamic sand suspending capacity and the static sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid have obvious difference, so that the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid needs to be evaluated. For evaluating the static sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid, a plurality of mature methods and devices exist. The dynamic sand suspension capability of the fracturing fluid is researched by a plurality of literatures at home and abroad, and some patent technologies are used for evaluating the dynamic sand suspension capability of the fracturing fluid, and the literatures and patents directly take the movement of sand grains in the fracturing fluid as an evaluation object and can be divided into two categories, namely multi-particle dynamic sand suspension evaluation and single-particle dynamic sand suspension evaluation.
The direct object of the multi-particle dynamic suspended sand evaluation is a sand grain group in flowing fracturing fluid, and if the method is used for a crack channel, the method has the defects that sand grains settled on parts such as cracks, valves, elbows and the like are difficult to clean, and the operation is complex when repeated tests are carried out.
The direct object of single-particle dynamic sand suspension evaluation is single sand in flowing fracturing fluid, a high-speed photography technology is usually applied to shoot a video of the movement of the single sand in a crack, the video is converted into a sedimentation track of the sand, and then the dynamic sand suspension capacity of the fracturing fluid is further determined. The process of converting the video recording into the sand sedimentation track is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the sand sedimented in the crack also needs to be cleaned, and the operation process is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the invention provides a bubble trajectory line method and a device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspension capacity of fracturing fluid.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
a bubble trajectory method for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of a fracturing fluid is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) estimating the diameter d of the sand grainsFrom the formula
Calculating the Grara Xiaofu number Gr of sand grainssFrom the formula
Calculating the Gray Xiaofu number Gr of bubblesbWhere ρ isfDensity of the fracturing fluid, psIs the density of the sand grains, pbIs the density of the gas in the bubbles, dbIs the diameter of the bubble, g is the acceleration of gravity, μfThe viscosity of the fracturing fluid;
2) the Gray number of the bubbles is equal to the Gray number of the sand grains, i.e. Grb＝GrsThe diameter of the bubble, i.e. d, is obtained at the same Puerakoff numberb＝ds((ρs-ρf)/(ρf-ρb))1/3Under the same Pueranhua Dawley number condition, the diameter is dbBubble rising trajectory simulation diameter of dsThe sand sedimentation trajectory line of (a);
3) enabling the fracturing fluid A to flow in the visual horizontal fracture, and measuring parameters such as volume flow, pressure, temperature and the like of the fracturing fluid A; regulating the bubble generator to make the average diameter of the bubbles equal to or close to the d calculated in the step 2)b(ii) a A string with a diameter dbIs continuously released in the flowing fracturing fluid a. The continuously released bubbles flow horizontally with the fracturing fluid under the action of drag force, and simultaneously flow upwards due to the action of buoyancy force to form a visible bubble rising trajectory, the trajectory is marked as a, and a picture is taken to record all or part of the trajectory a;
4) enabling the fracturing fluid B to flow in the visual horizontal fracture, and measuring parameters such as volume flow, pressure, temperature and the like of the fracturing fluid B; a string with a diameter dbThe bubbles in the flowing fracturing fluid B are continuously released to form a visible bubble lift trajectory, the trajectory is marked as B, and a photograph is taken to record all or part of the trajectory B.
5) And (4) comparing the buoyancy lift height of the bubble trajectory line, and accordingly evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid. The method comprises the following specific steps: taking a track line a1 on the shot bubble track line a, taking a track line B1 on the shot bubble track line B, enabling the horizontal coordinates of the starting points of a1 and B1 to be the same, enabling the horizontal coordinates of the end points of a1 and B1 to be the same, and if the floating height of the track line a1 is larger than that of the track line B1, the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid A is weaker than that of the fracturing fluid B under the measured conditions of volume flow, pressure and temperature; if the float height of trace a1 is less than the float height of trace B1, then the sand suspending capacity of fracturing fluid a is greater than the sand suspending capacity of fracturing fluid B at the measured volumetric flow, pressure and temperature conditions.
Or comparing the translation distances of the bubble trajectory lines, and evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid according to the translation distances. The method comprises the following specific steps: taking a track line a2 on the shot bubble track line a, taking a track line B2 on the shot bubble track line B, enabling the vertical coordinates of the starting points of a2 and B2 to be the same, enabling the vertical coordinates of the end points of a2 and B2 to be the same, and if the translation distance of the track line a2 is greater than that of the track line B2, enabling the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid A to be stronger than that of the fracturing fluid B under the measured conditions of volume flow, pressure and temperature; if the translation distance of trace a2 is less than the translation distance of trace B2, then the sand suspending capability of fracturing fluid a is less than the sand suspending capability of fracturing fluid B at the measured volumetric flow, pressure and temperature conditions.
In addition, based on the bubble trajectory line method for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capability of the fracturing fluid, the invention also provides a device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capability of the fracturing fluid, which is characterized in that:
comprises a bubble generation part, a bubble track test part and a gas-liquid separation part;
the bubble generating part comprises an air source and a bubble generator, and the air source is connected with the bubble generator through a pipeline;
the bubble track testing part comprises a visual crack simulation testing section, a flow meter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a coordinate grid line, wherein the coordinate grid line is positioned on one side of the visual crack simulation testing section, and the flow meter, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively used for measuring the flow, the temperature and the pressure of fracturing fluid in the visual crack simulation testing section;
the gas-liquid separation part comprises a gas-liquid separator;
fracturing fluid in the gas-liquid separator flows in the visual crack simulation test section after being driven by the pump, and the bubble generator releases bubble strings from the bottom of the visual crack simulation test section to form a bubble trajectory line under the conditions of known pressure, temperature and flow.
Furthermore, the visual crack simulation test section is horizontally arranged and made of transparent pressure-resistant materials, clear pictures can be shot on bubble track lines in the visual crack simulation test section, the crack width is 3 mm-10 mm, the crack height is 10 times-40 times of the crack width, and the crack length is 10 times-40 times of the crack height.
Further, the bubble generator is arranged at the bottom of the visual crack simulation test section, the distance between the bubble generator and a crack inlet is not less than 5 times of the crack height, and the distance between the bubble generator and a crack outlet is not less than 4 times of the crack height; the check valve and the gas regulating valve are installed on a connecting pipeline of the bubble generator and the gas source, the check valve prevents fracturing fluid from entering the gas source, and the gas regulating valve is used for regulating the frequency generated by bubbles to form a bubble track line capable of shooting clear pictures.
Further, the bubble generator has an orifice size of 0.1mm to 1mm, and generates bubbles having a diameter of about 0.3mm to 3mm, one bubble diameter for each determined orifice size.
Furthermore, the coordinate grid line or the ruler is positioned on one side of the visual crack simulation test section, the coordinate starting point covers the bubble injection point, the height of the coordinate starting point is the same as the height of the crack, the length of the coordinate grid line or the ruler is not less than 3 times of the height of the crack, and all or part of the bubble trajectory line is positioned in the range of the coordinate grid line.
Further, a gas collecting pipe and a gas collecting regulating valve are arranged at the top of the tail end of the visual crack die and used for collecting bubbles, and the gas collecting pipe is communicated with the gas-liquid separator.
Furthermore, the gas-liquid separator is connected with a liquid injection valve, a liquid dredging valve, a gas communication valve and a pressure constant value device. The fracturing fluid can be injected into the gas-liquid separator by opening the injection valve, the injection valve and the liquid dredging valve are closed before testing, the pressure valuator is set to be required pressure, the gas communicating valve is opened, some gas is injected into the gas-liquid separator by the high-pressure gas source until the pressure valuator responds, so that the testing system is kept at the pressure value set by the pressure valuator, and then the gas communicating valve is closed to test the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid. After the test is finished, the gas communication valve is opened to discharge gas with higher pressure from the gas-liquid separator, and then the liquid dredging valve is opened to empty fracturing liquid from the separator.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the dynamic similarity between bubble buoyancy in fluid and sand sedimentation is utilized, and the bubble buoyancy trajectory simulates a sand sedimentation trajectory in the fluid fracturing fluid, so that the dynamic sand suspension capacity of the fracturing fluid is evaluated; the bubbles are easy to generate, and the bubbles in the fracturing fluid can be automatically separated and escaped, so that complex operations such as adding sand grains and cleaning the sand grains are avoided; the method is visual, simple and efficient, and has obvious distinguishing characteristics and technical advantages compared with a multi-particle dynamic suspended sand evaluation method or a single-particle dynamic suspended sand evaluation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capability of a fracturing fluid according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the operation of the apparatus for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capability of a fracturing fluid of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the trajectories of bubbles obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the bubble trajectories obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1-a liquid injection valve; 2-a separator; 3-a lyophobic valve; 4-a pump; 5-a fracturing fluid regulating valve; 6-a flow meter; 7-a temperature sensor; 8-a pressure sensor; 9-visual crack simulation test section; 10-coordinate grid lines; 11-a bubble generator; 12-a gas single-phase valve; 13-a gas regulating valve; 14-a gas source; 15-a gas header; 16-a gas collection regulating valve; 17-a pressure valuator; 18-gas communication valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
The sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid can be represented by the sedimentation velocity of sand grains in the fracturing fluid, the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid is good when the sedimentation velocity of the sand grains is small, and the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid is poor when the sedimentation velocity of the sand grains is large.
The evaluation of the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid can adopt a dynamic analog simulation method. The fracturing fluid flows horizontally in the cracks, and if sand grains exist in the fracturing fluid, the sand grains are subjected to drag force in the horizontal direction to move horizontally and are subjected to gravity force in the vertical direction to move vertically downwards; if there are bubbles, the bubbles move horizontally by the drag force in the horizontal direction and move vertically upward by the buoyancy force in the vertical direction. The rising of bubbles in the flowing fracturing fluid has a kinetic similarity to the settling of sand.
In multiphase fluid dynamics, both bubbles and sand particles can be considered as particles. Sand sedimentation has a kinetic similarity to bubble levitation, and the final velocities of bubbles and sand in a fluid can be expressed by similarity criterion numbers in the same form as follows, regardless of van der Waals and electrostatic forces at the molecular level
The formula is a similar formula of the kinetics of bubble rising and sand sedimentation, wherein CDTo coefficient of resistance, it can be calculated by the Stokes formula, i.e.
CD＝24/Rep，
RepAnd GrpReynolds number and Grashof number for the particles, respectively, are shown below
Rep＝ρfupdp/μf，
Where ρ isfIs the fluid density, upIs the final velocity of the particles, dpIs the particle diameter, mufFluid viscosity, g is the acceleration of gravity.
For sand, the terminal velocity is the rate at which it settles steadily in the fracturing fluid; for bubbles, the terminal velocity is the rate at which they float steadily in the fracturing fluid. Since the settling velocity of sand and the lift velocity of air bubbles can be represented by the same formula by the similarity criterion number, the settling velocity of sand in the fracturing fluid can be estimated from the lift velocity of air bubbles in the fracturing fluid using this kinetic similarity.
The fracturing fluid flows in a horizontal fracture, a string of bubbles are continuously released in the flowing fracturing fluid, the continuously released bubbles horizontally flow along with the fracturing fluid under the action of drag force, and simultaneously flow upwards under the action of buoyancy force to form a visible bubble trajectory, the bubble trajectory can be recorded by shooting a picture, the bubble buoyancy and sand sedimentation have dynamic similarity, the bubble trajectory can be regarded as a sand trajectory by inverting the picture, and the trajectory reflects the relative size of the sand sedimentation speed, so that the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid can be evaluated according to the bubble trajectory.
Referring to fig. 1, a device for evaluating dynamic sand suspension capacity of fracturing fluid, including gas-liquid separator 2, pump 4, flowmeter 6, temperature sensor 7, pressure sensor 8, visual crack simulation test section 9, coordinate grid line 10, bubble generator 11, air supply 14, a plurality of valves and connecting line, fracturing fluid in the pump drive gas-liquid separator flows in visual crack simulation test section, flowmeter 6, temperature sensor 7 and pressure sensor 8 are used for measuring flow, temperature and pressure of fracturing fluid respectively, bubble generator 11 releases bubble cluster from the bottom of visual crack simulation test section 9, form the bubble trajectory under known pressure, temperature and flow conditions.
Preferably, the visual crack simulation test section 9 is horizontally arranged, is made of transparent pressure-resistant material, and can take clear pictures of bubble tracks in the visual crack simulation test section, wherein the crack width is 3mm to 10mm, the crack height is 10 times to 40 times of the crack width, and the crack length is 10 times to 40 times of the crack height.
Preferably, the bubble generator 11 is installed at the bottom of the visual crack simulation test section, and the distance from the bubble generator to the crack inlet is not less than 5 times of the crack height, and the distance from the bubble generator to the crack outlet is not less than 4 times of the crack height; the gas single-phase valve 12 and the gas regulating valve 13 are installed on a connecting pipeline of the bubble generator and the gas source 14, the gas single-phase valve 12 prevents fracturing fluid from entering the gas source, and the gas regulating valve 13 is used for regulating the frequency generated by bubbles to form a bubble track line capable of shooting clear pictures.
Preferably, the bubble generator 11 has an orifice size of 0.1mm to 1mm, and generates bubbles having a diameter of about 0.3mm to 3mm, one bubble diameter for each determined orifice size.
Preferably, the coordinate grid line or scale 10 is located at one side of the visual fracture simulation test section, and its coordinate starting point covers the bubble injection point, and its height is the same as the fracture height, and its length is not less than 3 times of the fracture height, so that all or a part of the bubble trajectory line is located in the range of the coordinate grid line.
Preferably, a gas collecting pipe 15 and a gas collecting and adjusting valve 16 are arranged at the top of the tail end of the visual crack simulation test section and used for collecting bubbles, and the gas collecting pipe 15 is communicated with the gas-liquid separator.
Preferably, the gas-liquid separator 2 is connected with a liquid injection valve 1, a liquid drainage valve 3, a gas communication valve 18 and a pressure setting device 17. The fracturing fluid can be injected into the gas-liquid separator 2 by opening the injection valve 1, the injection valve 1 and the liquid dredging valve 3 are closed before the test, the pressure setter 17 is set to the required pressure, the gas communicating valve 18 is opened, and a certain amount of gas is injected into the gas-liquid separator 2 by the high-pressure gas source 14 until the pressure setter 17 responds, so that the test system is kept at the pressure value set by the pressure setter 17, and then the gas communicating valve 18 is closed to test the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid.
During testing, the bubble generator 11 is regulated and controlled to continuously release a string of bubbles in the flowing fracturing fluid, the continuously released bubbles horizontally flow along with the fracturing fluid under the action of drag force, and simultaneously flow upwards under the action of buoyancy force to form a visible bubble trajectory, as shown in fig. 2, a photo is taken to record the bubble trajectory, and the relative size of the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the two fracturing fluids can be evaluated by comparing the difference of the bubble trajectory in the two flowing fracturing fluids.
After the test is finished, the gas communication valve 18 is opened to discharge the gas with higher pressure from the gas-liquid separator 2 to the atmosphere, and then the lyophobic valve 3 is opened to empty the fracturing fluid from the separator.
With the device and referring to fig. 2, a bubble trajectory method for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid comprises the following specific implementation steps:
1) estimating the diameter d of the sand grainsFrom the formula
Calculating the Grara Xiaofu number Gr of sand grainssFrom the formula
Calculating the Gray Xiaofu number Gr of bubblesbWhere ρ isfDensity of the fracturing fluid, psIs the density of the sand grains, pbIs the density of the gas in the bubbles, dbIs the diameter of the bubble, g is the acceleration of gravity, μfThe viscosity of the fracturing fluid.
2) The Gray number of the bubbles is equal to the Gray number of the sand grains, i.e. Grb＝GrsThe diameter of the bubble, i.e. d, is obtained at the same Puerakoff numberb＝ds((ρs-ρf)/(ρf-ρb))1/3Under the same Pueranhua Dawley number condition, the diameter is dbBubble rising trajectory simulation diameter of dsThe sand sedimentation trajectory.
3) And (3) enabling the fracturing fluid A to flow in the visual horizontal fracture, and measuring parameters such as volume flow, pressure, temperature and the like.
4) Regulating bubblesA generator for making the average diameter of the bubbles equal to or close to the d calculated in the step 2)b。
5) A string with a diameter dbIs continuously released in the flowing fracturing fluid a. These continuously released bubbles flow horizontally with the fracturing fluid under drag forces while rising due to buoyancy forces, forming a visible bubble lift trajectory, which is labeled a, and a photograph is taken to record all or part of trajectory a.
6) And (3) enabling the fracturing fluid B to flow in the visual horizontal fracture, and measuring parameters such as volume flow, pressure, temperature and the like. A string with a diameter dbThe bubbles in the flowing fracturing fluid B are continuously released to form a visible bubble lift trajectory, the trajectory is marked as B, and a photograph is taken to record all or part of the trajectory B.
7) And (4) comparing the buoyancy lift height of the bubble trajectory line, and accordingly evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid. The method comprises the following specific steps: taking a track line a1 on the shot bubble track line a, taking a track line B1 on the shot bubble track line B, enabling the horizontal coordinates of the starting points of a1 and B1 to be the same, enabling the horizontal coordinates of the end points of a1 and B1 to be the same, and if the floating height of the track line a1 is larger than that of the track line B1, the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid A is weaker than that of the fracturing fluid B under the measured conditions of volume flow, pressure and temperature; if the float height of trace a1 is less than the float height of trace B1, then the sand suspending capacity of fracturing fluid a is greater than the sand suspending capacity of fracturing fluid B at the measured volumetric flow, pressure and temperature conditions.
Or comparing the translation distances of the bubble trajectory lines, and evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid according to the translation distances. The method comprises the following specific steps: taking a track line a2 on the shot bubble track line a, taking a track line B2 on the shot bubble track line B, enabling the vertical coordinates of the starting points of a2 and B2 to be the same, enabling the vertical coordinates of the end points of a2 and B2 to be the same, and if the translation distance of the track line a2 is greater than that of the track line B2, enabling the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid A to be stronger than that of the fracturing fluid B under the measured conditions of volume flow, pressure and temperature; if the translation distance of trace a2 is less than the translation distance of trace B2, then the sand suspending capability of fracturing fluid a is less than the sand suspending capability of fracturing fluid B at the measured volumetric flow, pressure and temperature conditions.
Example 1:
the bubble trajectory is compared for lift height at the same translation distance. Shear rate 170s-1A fracturing fluid and B fracturing fluid, each having a viscosity of 0.033 Pa.s and a viscosity of 0.105 Pa.s, flowed through fractures having a width of 5mm, a height of 100mm and a length of 3000mm, and had a volume flow rate of 0.00013m3The method comprises the steps of/s, pressure of 0.3MPa, temperature of 23 ℃, continuously releasing a bubble string with the diameter of 1.5mm in fracturing fluids A and B respectively, shooting bubble tracks a and B when the two fracturing fluids flow, taking a track a1 on the shot bubble track a, taking a track B1 on the shot bubble track B, and combining the tracks a1 and B1 into a graph, wherein as shown in figure 3, the horizontal coordinates of the starting points of a1 and B1 are the same and are both 8mm, the horizontal coordinates of the ending points of a1 and B1 are the same and are both 160mm, and the translation distance is both 152 mm. Under the conditions of the same volume flow, temperature, pressure and translation distance, the rising height of the track line a1 is 1.2mm (1.6mm-0.4mm) higher than that of the track line B1, and the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid A is weaker than that of the fracturing fluid B.
Example 2:
the translation distances of the bubble trajectories were compared at the same flying height. Shear rate 170s-1A fracturing fluid and B fracturing fluid, each having a viscosity of 0.033 Pa.s and a viscosity of 0.105 Pa.s, flowed through fractures having a width of 5mm, a height of 100mm and a length of 3000mm, and had a volume flow rate of 0.00013m3The bubble strings with the diameter of 1.5mm are continuously released in the fracturing fluids A and B respectively at the pressure of 0.3MPa and the temperature of 23 ℃, bubble tracks a and B of the two fracturing fluids flowing are shot, a track a2 is taken on the shot bubble track a, a track B2 is taken on the shot bubble track B, and the track a2 and the track B2 are combined into a graph, as shown in FIG. 4, the vertical coordinates of the starting points of a2 and B2 are the same and are both 0.9mm, the vertical coordinates of the ending points of a2 and B2 are the same and are both 8mm, and the floating height is both 8.1 mm. In the same wayThe translation distance of the trace B2 is 65mm (68mm-3mm) more than that of the trace a2 under the conditions of volume flow, temperature, pressure and buoyancy height, and the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid B is higher than that of the fracturing fluid A.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related systems, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bubble trajectory method for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of a fracturing fluid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) estimating the diameter d of the sand grainsFrom the formula
Calculating the Grara Xiaofu number Gr of sand grainssFrom the formula
Calculating the Gray Xiaofu number Gr of bubblesbWhere ρ isfDensity of the fracturing fluid, psIs the density of the sand grains, pbIs the density of the gas in the bubbles, dbIs the diameter of the bubble, g is the acceleration of gravity, μfThe viscosity of the fracturing fluid;
2) the Gray number of the bubbles is equal to the Gray number of the sand grains, i.e. Grb＝GrsThe diameter of the bubble, i.e. d, is obtained at the same Puerakoff numberb＝ds((ρs-ρf)/(ρf-ρb))1/3Under the same Pueranhua Dawley number condition, the diameter is dbBubble rising trajectory simulation diameter of dsThe sand sedimentation trajectory line of (a);
3) enabling the fracturing fluid A to flow in the visual horizontal fracture, and measuring the volume flow, the pressure and the temperature of the fracturing fluid A; adjusting the size of the bubbles so that the average diameter of the bubbles is equal to or close to the average diameter calculated in step 2)Obtained db(ii) a A string with a diameter dbContinuously releasing the bubbles in the flowing fracturing fluid A, marking a bubble rising trajectory line as a, and recording the bubble trajectory line a;
4) enabling the fracturing fluid B to flow in the visual horizontal fracture, and measuring the volume flow, the pressure and the temperature of the fracturing fluid B; a string with a diameter dbContinuously releasing the bubbles in the flowing fracturing fluid B, marking a bubble lift trajectory as B, and recording the bubble trajectory B;
5) and comparing the buoyancy lift height of the bubble trajectory line, and accordingly evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps: taking a track line a1 on the bubble track line a, taking a track line B1 on the shot bubble track line B, enabling the horizontal coordinates of the starting points of a1 and B1 to be the same, enabling the horizontal coordinates of the end points of a1 and B1 to be the same, and if the floating height of the track line a1 is larger than that of the track line B1, the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid A is weaker than that of the fracturing fluid B under the measured conditions of volume flow, pressure and temperature; if the levitation height of the trajectory line a1 is less than the levitation height of the trajectory line B1, the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid a is higher than that of the fracturing fluid B under the measured volume flow, pressure and temperature conditions;
or comparing the translation distance of the bubble trajectory line, and accordingly evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid, the method comprises the following specific steps: taking a track line a2 on the bubble track line a and a track line B2 on the bubble track line B, so that the vertical coordinates of the starting points of a2 and B2 are the same, the vertical coordinates of the end points of a2 and B2 are also the same, and if the translation distance of the track line a2 is greater than that of the track line B2, the sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid A is higher than that of the fracturing fluid B under the measured volume flow, pressure and temperature conditions; if the translation distance of trace a2 is less than the translation distance of trace B2, then the sand suspending capability of fracturing fluid a is less than the sand suspending capability of fracturing fluid B at the measured volumetric flow, pressure and temperature conditions.
2. The bubble trajectory method for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bubble trajectory method comprises the following steps:
the recording of the trajectory line a in step 3) is performed by taking a photograph.
3. The bubble trajectory method for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bubble trajectory method comprises the following steps:
the recording of the trajectory line b in step 4) is performed by taking a photograph.
4. The utility model provides an evaluation fracturing fluid developments hang device of sand ability which characterized in that:
comprises a bubble generation part, a bubble track test part and a gas-liquid separation part;
the bubble generation part comprises a gas source (14) and a bubble generator (11), and the gas source (14) is connected with the bubble generator (11) through a pipeline;
the bubble track testing part comprises a visual crack simulation testing section (9), a flow meter (6), a temperature sensor (7), a pressure sensor (8) and a coordinate grid line (10), wherein the coordinate grid line (10) is positioned on one side of the visual crack simulation testing section (9), and the flow meter (6), the temperature sensor (7) and the pressure sensor (8) are respectively used for measuring the flow rate, the temperature and the pressure of fracturing fluid in the visual crack simulation testing section (9);
the gas-liquid separation part comprises a gas-liquid separator (2);
the fracturing fluid in the gas-liquid separator (2) flows in the visual crack simulation test section (9) after being driven by a pump, and the bubble generator (11) releases bubble strings from the bottom of the visual crack simulation test section (9) to form a bubble trajectory line under the known pressure, temperature and flow conditions.
5. The device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid according to claim 4, wherein:
the visual crack simulation test section (9) is horizontally arranged and made of transparent pressure-resistant materials, the width of the crack is 3mm to 10mm, the height of the crack is 10 times to 40 times of the width of the crack, and the length of the crack is 10 times to 40 times of the height of the crack.
6. The device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid according to claim 5, wherein:
the bubble generator (11) is arranged at the bottom of the visual crack simulation test section (9), the distance between the bubble generator and a crack inlet is not less than 5 times of the crack height, and the distance between the bubble generator and a crack outlet is not less than 4 times of the crack height; a gas single-phase valve (12) and a gas regulating valve (13) are installed on a connecting pipeline of the bubble generator (11) and the gas source (14), the gas single-phase valve (12) prevents fracturing fluid from entering the gas source (14), and the gas regulating valve (13) is used for regulating the frequency of bubble generation.
7. The device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid according to claim 6, wherein:
the size of the orifice of the bubble generator (11) is 0.1mm to 1 mm.
8. The device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid according to claim 7, wherein:
the coordinate grid line (10) is positioned on one side of the visual crack simulation test section, the coordinate starting point covers the bubble injection point, the height of the bubble injection point is the same as the height of the crack, and the length of the bubble injection point is not less than 3 times of the height of the crack.
9. The device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid according to claim 8, wherein:
the top of the tail end of the visual crack simulation test section (9) is provided with a gas collecting pipe (15) and a gas collecting regulating valve (16) for collecting bubbles, and the gas collecting pipe (15) is communicated with the gas-liquid separator (2).
10. The device for evaluating the dynamic sand suspending capacity of the fracturing fluid according to claim 9, wherein:
the gas-liquid separator (2) is connected with a liquid injection valve (1), a liquid dredging valve (3), a gas communicating valve (18) and a pressure valuator (17); the fracturing fluid can be injected into the gas-liquid separator (2) through the liquid injection valve (1).
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