CN112082723A - Impact testing machine - Google Patents
Impact testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112082723A CN112082723A CN201910513396.2A CN201910513396A CN112082723A CN 112082723 A CN112082723 A CN 112082723A CN 201910513396 A CN201910513396 A CN 201910513396A CN 112082723 A CN112082723 A CN 112082723A
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- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
A hydraulic impact tester directly uses a piston as a valve core and a cylinder barrel as a valve sleeve without a structure of a large-flow control valve, so that a flow passage in the valve and pressure drop loss caused by hydraulic closing of a valve port are avoided; the outer side of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel is provided with a rotatable throttling adjusting ring, the flow area can be regulated and controlled according to different rotation angles, and the purposes of controlling the flow entering the rodless cavity and the impact energy are achieved; the outer side surface of the upper half part of the cylinder barrel is provided with an annular containing cavity, and after the impact speed reaches a required value, the residual high-pressure oil in the energy accumulator enters an oil return box of the annular containing cavity, so that the pressure of the rodless cavity is quickly reduced, and secondary impact is avoided or reduced; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, few processed parts, high energy utilization rate, convenience for stepless adjustment of impact energy, capability of avoiding or lightening the harm of 'secondary impact', high reliability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an impact testing machine, in particular to a hydraulically-driven impact testing machine.
Background
The impact test can be used for detecting the impact damage bearing capacity of the tested piece, and the structural strength of the tested piece is optimized through test data so as to improve the impact resistance capacity of the tested piece. One of the core elements in the impact test process is an impact tester capable of generating sufficient impact energy or impact velocity. Impact testing machines such as traditional drop hammer, pendulum bob type are little, impact velocity is low, bulky, and the impact testing machine that adopts hydraulic drive has impact energy big, impact velocity is high, advantage such as small, can regulate and control impact energy, impact velocity simultaneously, is a practical impact test solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an impact testing machine, which aims to realize impact tests with large impact energy and high impact speed, realize stepless regulation and control of the impact energy and the impact speed and avoid secondary impact.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an impact testing machine comprises a base and a cylinder barrel, wherein the bottom end of the cylinder barrel is embedded in a blind hole of the base, and the top end of the cylinder barrel vertically extends upwards to the position above the base;
the direction of the central axis of the cylinder barrel or the direction parallel to the central axis of the cylinder barrel is defined as an axial direction, the direction of the diameter of the cross section of the cylinder barrel is a radial direction, and the direction surrounding the central axis of the cylinder barrel is a circumferential direction;
a piston and a piston rod which can slide up and down along the axial direction are arranged in the cylinder barrel, the bottom end of the piston rod is fixed on the piston, the upper end surface of the piston is a step surface, an annular retaining shoulder is arranged at the top of the cylinder barrel, and a gap seal is formed between the outer wall of the piston rod and the inner wall of the annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel; a rod cavity is formed by enclosing the piston rod, the annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel, the inner wall of the cylinder barrel and the upper end surface of the piston into a step surface; a rodless cavity is formed by enclosing the lower end face of the piston, the inner wall surface of the cylinder barrel and the bottom surface of the blind hole in the base; a gap seal is formed between the outer wall of the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel, and the gap seal divides the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel into a rod cavity positioned at the upper part of the piston and a rodless cavity positioned at the lower part of the piston;
an eighth through hole is formed in the side wall below the annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel, and the rod cavity is connected with an A port of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve through the eighth through hole; an L port of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with the atmosphere; the port P of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve is connected with a high-pressure air pump; a plurality of seventh through holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper end of the cylinder barrel, and the seventh through holes are communicated with the inner cavity and the outer wall of the cylinder barrel; the seventh through hole can be a waist-shaped hole, a rectangular hole, a circular hole, a triangular hole and the like;
an annular body is welded on the outer wall of the upper half part of the cylinder barrel, which is positioned above the base, an annular cavity is formed by the outer wall of the cylinder barrel and the inner wall of the annular body, and a tenth through hole is formed in the annular body; the annular cavity is communicated with the rod cavity through the seventh through hole, and the annular cavity is communicated with an oil tank through the tenth through hole and a valve;
the impact testing machine further comprises a plurality of energy accumulators, the energy accumulators are arranged around the circumference of the cylinder barrel, and an energy accumulator oil port is formed in the bottoms of the energy accumulators; the base is provided with a plurality of third through holes, and the third through holes are communicated with the oil port of the energy accumulator;
a throttling adjusting ring is further arranged between the inner side surface of the blind hole of the base and the outer side surface of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel; a plurality of second through holes are formed in the side wall of the throttling adjusting ring at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; a third groove and a fourth groove are respectively arranged on the inner side of the throttling adjusting ring, the third groove is positioned above the second through hole, and the fourth groove is positioned below the second through hole; a fifth groove and a sixth groove are respectively arranged on the outer side of the throttling adjusting ring, the fifth groove is positioned above the second through hole, and the sixth groove is positioned below the second through hole; sealing rings are arranged in the third groove, the fourth groove, the fifth groove and the sixth groove; the throttling adjusting ring is rotatably and tightly sleeved between the inner side surface of the blind hole of the base and the outer side surface of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel through a driving device;
a plurality of first through holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are overlapped and communicated in the radial direction, and the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are in one-to-one correspondence; the axial heights and the cross section shapes of the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are the same, and a throttling through channel is formed at the communicated part of the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole; one end of the first through hole is communicated with the rodless cavity, and the other end of the first through hole is communicated with the oil port of the energy accumulator through the second through hole and the third through hole;
the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole can be kidney-shaped holes, rectangular holes, circular holes, triangular holes and the like;
the base is also provided with a fourth through hole, one end of the fourth through hole is communicated with the third through hole, the other end of the fourth through hole is communicated with a P2 port of the one-way valve, and a P1 port of the one-way valve is communicated with an oil source; a fifth through hole is further formed in the base, one end of the fifth through hole is communicated with the rodless cavity, the other end of the fifth through hole is communicated with an A port of a two-position three-way reversing valve, a T port of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with an oil tank, and a P port of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with a P2 port of the one-way valve;
a first groove and a second groove are respectively formed in the inner side of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel, the first groove is located above the first through hole, and the second groove is located below the first through hole;
the first groove is provided with a first sealing ring, and the second groove is provided with a second sealing ring;
furthermore, the driving device comprises a driving part and a transmission part, the driving part is fixedly embedded in a driving part fixing hole on the flange at the bottom of the cylinder barrel, and the driving part can be a servo or stepping motor, a pneumatic or hydraulic motor and the like which adopt a rotation driving mode; the transmission part comprises a first transmission gear and a second transmission gear, the first transmission gear is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the driving part, and the second transmission gear is fixedly arranged on the throttling regulating ring; the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear are meshed with each other.
Furthermore, the driving part can also be a screw rod, a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder and the like which adopt a linear driving mode; the transmission part can adopt a shifting fork, a shifting lever and the like fixed with the throttling regulation ring.
Furthermore, the throttling through channel formed among the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole can form three channel areas of completely overlapped through, partially overlapped through and completely non-overlapped non-through according to the rotation angle of the throttling adjusting ring;
further, the bottom end of the piston is provided with a cone which is convenient for inserting the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring.
Further, for an impact testing machine adopting two or more energy accumulators, a ninth through hole is further formed in the base and communicates third through holes communicated with oil ports of the energy accumulators;
the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a structure which directly uses a piston as a valve core and a cylinder barrel as a valve sleeve and has no special large-flow control valve, and has no pressure drop loss caused by a valve inner flow channel and a valve port closed by hydraulic force; the outer side of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel is provided with a rotatable throttling adjusting ring, the flow area can be regulated and controlled according to different rotation angles, and the purposes of controlling the flow entering the rodless cavity and the impact energy are achieved; the outer side surface of the upper half part of the cylinder barrel is provided with an annular containing cavity, after the impact speed reaches a required value, the residual high-pressure oil in the energy accumulator enters an oil return box of the annular containing cavity, the pressure of the rodless cavity is quickly reduced, and secondary impact is avoided or reduced; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, few processed parts, high energy utilization rate, convenience for stepless adjustment of impact energy, high reliability and the like, and the concrete description is as follows:
1. compared with a conventional high-speed hydraulic system adopting a hydraulic cylinder and a large-flow control valve, the scheme of using the piston as the valve core and the cylinder barrel as the valve sleeve to save the large-flow control valve has simple structure, few parts needing to be processed and high reliability;
2. the high-pressure oil stored by the energy accumulator smoothly enters the rodless cavity at the bottom of the piston through the oil port of the energy accumulator, the third through hole, the second through hole and the first through hole to push the piston and the piston rod to finish an impact test, and because a large-flow control valve is not arranged, pressure drop loss caused by a flow channel in the valve and a valve port closed by hydraulic force is avoided, and the energy utilization rate is high;
3. the throttling regulating ring which can rotate around the outer side of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel is arranged on the outer side of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel, and three adjustable throttling through channel areas of complete overlapping through, partial overlapping through and complete non-overlapping non-through can be formed by the first through hole at the bottom end of the cylinder barrel and the second through hole at the side wall of the throttling regulating ring according to different rotation angles of the throttling regulating ring, so that the flow entering the rodless cavity is controlled, the purposes of controlling the impact speed and the impact energy of the piston and the piston rod are achieved, and the impact speed and the impact energy can be conveniently adjusted in a stepless manner;
4. the outer side surface of the upper half part of the cylinder barrel is provided with an annular containing cavity, after the impact speed of the piston and the piston rod reaches a required value, the bottom surface of the piston is provided with a seventh through hole, residual high-pressure oil in the energy accumulator enters an annular containing cavity oil return box through the seventh through hole, the pressure of a rodless cavity is reduced quickly, impact rebound can be generated when the piston and the piston rod impact a tested piece at the highest impact speed, and secondary impact is avoided or reduced due to the reduction of the pressure of the rodless cavity;
5. the bottom of piston is equipped with the cone, is convenient for strut when impact test accomplishes restoring to the throne and inserts first and second sealing washer, effectively protects the dynamic seal, improves the reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an impact tester in one embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a top cross-sectional view of an impact tester in one embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the piston and piston rod configuration in one embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a front sectional view of the cylinder barrel in one embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a throttle collar in one embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an elevational, cross-sectional view of a base in one embodiment.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the bottom structure of an impact tester in one embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a restricted through passage 80 in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated as the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., appear based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the appearances of the terms "first," second, "" … … "tenth," and the like, if appearing in detail, are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to the drawings, the embodiment provides an impact testing machine, which comprises a base 23 and a cylinder barrel 3, wherein the bottom end of the cylinder barrel 3 is embedded in a blind hole 32 of the base 23, and the top end of the cylinder barrel 3 vertically extends upwards to the top of the base 23;
specifically, in this embodiment, the base 23 is horizontally disposed, the cylinder barrel 3 is perpendicular to the base 23, the cylinder barrel 3 is fixed to the upper surface of the base 23 through a bottom flange, the base 23 is cylindrical, the cylinder barrel 3 is disposed in a blind hole 32 of the base 23, and central axes of the base 23, the cylinder barrel 3 and the throttle adjusting ring 19 are overlapped with each other.
Defining the central axis direction of the cylinder barrel 3 or the direction parallel to the central axis of the cylinder barrel 3 as the axial direction, the direction of the diameter of the cross section of the cylinder barrel 3 is the radial direction, and the direction surrounding the central axis of the cylinder barrel 3 is the circumferential direction;
a piston 20 and a piston rod 5 which can slide up and down along the axial direction are arranged in the cylinder barrel 3, the bottom end of the piston rod 5 is fixed on the piston 20, the upper end surface of the piston 20 is a step surface, an annular retaining shoulder is arranged at the top of the cylinder barrel 3, and a gap seal is formed between the outer wall of the piston rod 5 and the inner wall of the annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel 3; a rod cavity 4 is defined by the piston rod 5, an annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel 3, the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 3 and the upper end surface of the piston 20 in a step surface manner; a rodless cavity 30 is formed by enclosing the lower end face of the piston 20, the inner wall surface of the cylinder barrel 3 and the bottom surface of the blind hole 32 on the base 23; a gap seal is formed between the outer wall of the piston 20 and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 3, and the gap seal divides the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel 3 into a rod cavity 4 positioned at the upper part of the piston 20 and a rodless cavity 30 positioned at the lower part of the piston 20;
specifically, in the present embodiment, the piston 20 and the piston rod 5 constitute an impact piston, and the diameter of the piston rod 5 is smaller than the diameter of the piston 20, so that a step surface is formed between the piston rod 5 and the piston 20.
An eighth through hole 74 is formed in the side wall below the annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel 3, and the rod cavity 4 is connected with an opening A of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6 through the eighth through hole 74; the L port of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6 is communicated with the atmosphere; the port P of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6 is connected with a high-pressure air pump 7; a plurality of seventh through holes 75 are uniformly distributed at the upper end of the cylinder barrel 3 in the circumferential direction, and the seventh through holes 75 are communicated with the inner cavity and the outer wall of the cylinder barrel 3; the seventh through hole 75 may be a kidney-shaped hole, a rectangular hole, a circular hole, a triangular hole, or the like;
specifically, in this embodiment, four seventh through holes 75 are provided, and the seventh through holes 75 are circular holes.
An annular body 2 is welded on the outer wall of the upper half part of the cylinder barrel 3 above the base 23, an annular cavity 8 is formed by the outer wall of the cylinder barrel 3 and the inner wall of the annular body 2, and a tenth through hole 73 is formed in the annular body 2; the annular cavity 8 is communicated with the rod cavity 4 through the seventh through hole 75, and the annular cavity 8 is communicated with the oil tank through the tenth through hole 73 and the valve 12;
the impact testing machine further comprises a plurality of energy accumulators 1, the energy accumulators 1 are arranged around the circumference of the cylinder barrel 3, and an energy accumulator oil port 24 is formed in the bottom of each energy accumulator 1; a plurality of third through holes 63 are formed in the base 23, and the third through holes 63 are communicated with the energy accumulator oil port 24;
specifically, in this embodiment, four third through holes 63 are provided, and four energy accumulators 1 are provided;
a throttling adjusting ring 19 is further arranged between the inner side surface of the blind hole 32 of the base 23 and the outer side surface of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel 3; a plurality of second through holes 62 are formed in the side wall of the throttling adjusting ring 19 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; a third groove 50 and a fourth groove 51 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the throttling adjusting ring 19, the third groove 50 is positioned above the second through hole 62, and the fourth groove 51 is positioned below the second through hole 62; a fifth groove 52 and a sixth groove 53 are respectively arranged on the outer side of the throttling adjusting ring 19, the fifth groove 52 is positioned above the second through hole 62, and the sixth groove 53 is positioned below the second through hole 62; sealing rings are arranged in the third groove 50, the fourth groove 51, the fifth groove 52 and the sixth groove 53; the throttling adjusting ring 19 is rotatably and tightly sleeved between the inner side surface of the blind hole 32 of the base 23 and the outer side surface of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel 3 through a driving device;
specifically, in this embodiment, four second through holes 62 are provided;
a plurality of first through holes 61 are formed in the side wall of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel 3 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; the first through holes 61, the second through holes 62 and the third through holes 63 are overlapped and communicated with each other at radial parts, and the first through holes 61, the second through holes 62 and the third through holes 63 are in one-to-one correspondence; the axial heights and the cross-sectional shapes of the first through hole 61, the second through hole 62 and the third through hole 63 are all the same, and the parts of the first through hole 61, the second through hole 62 and the third through hole 63 which are communicated form a throttling through passage 80; one end of the first through hole 61 is communicated with the rodless cavity 30, and the other end of the first through hole is communicated with the energy accumulator oil port 24 through the second through hole 62 and the third through hole 63;
specifically, in this embodiment, four first through holes 61 are provided;
the first through hole 61, the second through hole 62 and the third through hole 63 may be a kidney-shaped hole, a rectangular hole, a circular hole, a triangular hole, etc.;
specifically, in this embodiment, the first through hole 61, the second through hole 62, and the third through hole 63 are all kidney-shaped holes;
a fourth through hole 71 is further formed in the base 23, one end of the fourth through hole 71 is communicated with the third through hole 63, the other end of the fourth through hole is communicated with a port P2 of the check valve 9, and a port P1 of the check valve 9 is communicated with the oil source 16; a fifth through hole 72 is further formed in the base 23, one end of the fifth through hole 72 is communicated with the rodless cavity 30, the other end of the fifth through hole is communicated with a port A of a two-position three-way reversing valve 17, a port T of the two-position three-way reversing valve 17 is communicated with an oil tank, and a port P of the two-position three-way reversing valve 17 is communicated with a port P2 of the one-way valve 9;
a first groove 54 and a second groove 55 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel 3, the first groove 54 is arranged above the first through hole 61, and the second groove 55 is arranged below the first through hole 61;
the first groove 54 is provided with a first sealing ring 28, and the second groove 55 is provided with a second sealing ring 22;
further, the driving device comprises a driving part 29 and a transmission part, the driving part 29 is fixedly embedded in a driving part fixing hole 35 on the bottom flange of the cylinder 3, and the driving part 29 can be a servo or stepping motor adopting a rotation driving mode, a pneumatic or hydraulic motor and the like; the transmission part comprises a first transmission gear 26 and a second transmission gear 36, the first transmission gear 26 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the driving part 29, and the second transmission gear 36 is fixedly arranged on the throttling adjusting ring 19; the first transmission gear 26 and the second transmission gear 36 are meshed with each other.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the driving unit 29 is a stepping motor or an ac servo motor.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first transmission gear 26 and the second transmission gear 36 are both spur gears.
Further, the driving part 29 may be a screw rod, a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, or the like, which adopts a linear driving manner; the transmission part can adopt a shifting fork, a shifting lever and the like fixed with the throttling adjusting ring 19.
Further, the throttle through passage 80 formed among the first through hole 61, the second through hole 62 and the third through hole 63 can form three passage areas of completely overlapped through, partially overlapped through and completely non-overlapped through according to the rotation angle of the throttle adjusting ring 19;
further, the bottom end of the piston 20 is provided with a cone 81 for facilitating the insertion of the first and second packing 28 and 22.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the cone 81 makes the bottom end of the piston 20 conical, and the angle of the chamfer a of the cone 81 is 5 ° to 30 °.
Further, for the impact testing machine adopting two or more energy accumulators 1, the base 23 is further provided with a ninth through hole 77, and each third through hole 63 communicated with the oil port 24 of the energy accumulator is communicated by the ninth through hole 77;
the working process of the impact testing machine in the embodiment is as follows:
1) the energy accumulator is prepared to work, one or more air chambers of the energy accumulator 1 are filled with nitrogen, the rated pressure is 1/2-2/3, and the filling pressure value of each energy accumulator 1 is basically consistent. The inflatable bag can be repeatedly used after being inflated without being inflated again;
2) the impact speed is adjusted, the servo or stepping motor of the driving part 29 is started to rotate, the first transmission gear 26 drives the second transmission gear 36 to drive the throttling adjusting ring 19 to rotate around the outer side of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel 3, so that the first through hole 61 and the second through hole 62 generate relative circumferential displacement, the adjustable throttle through passage 80 which is completely overlapped and penetrated, partially overlapped and completely non-overlapped and penetrated can be formed, the flow area which can reach the requirement of the required impact speed is formed, the impact speed can be maximized by the completely penetrated throttle through passage 80, the smaller the penetrated throttle through passage 80 is, the lower the impact speed is, the throttle through passage 80 which is completely non-overlapped and non-penetrated is zero, the impact speed is zero, after the throttle through passage 80 is adjusted, the servo or stepping motor of the driving part 29 is stopped;
3) the impact test is ready to work, the valve 12 is opened, the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6 is in a spring position after being de-energized, the rod cavity 4 is communicated with the atmosphere through the eighth through hole 74, a port P and a port L of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6, the two-position three-way reversing valve 17 is in the spring position after being de-energized, the port A is communicated with the port T, and the port P is closed, high-pressure oil of the starting oil source 16 sequentially passes through the one-way valve 9, the fourth through hole 71, the ninth through hole 77, the third through hole 63 and the energy accumulator oil port 24 to simultaneously charge high-pressure oil into each energy accumulator 1, the oil source 16 is closed after the rated pressure is reached, the high-pressure oil in the energy accumulator 1 cannot flow back to the oil source 16 due to the action of the one-way valve.
4) The impact test is started, the two-position three-way reversing valve 17 is electrified, the two-position three-way reversing valve 17 is switched to an electromagnet position, a port P and a port A of the two-position three-way reversing valve 17 are communicated, a port T is closed, high-pressure oil in the energy accumulator 1 enters the rodless cavity 30 through the third through hole 63, the fourth through hole 71, the port P, the port A and the fifth through hole 72 of the two-position three-way reversing valve 17, the pressure in the rodless cavity 30 is increased, the rod cavity 4 exhausts to the atmosphere through the eighth through hole 74 and the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6 to push the piston 20 and the piston rod 5 to move upwards, the first through hole 61 is gradually opened after the bottom surface of the piston 20 is separated from the second sealing ring 22, the high-pressure oil in the energy accumulator 1 forms an adjustable throttling through channel 80 through the energy accumulator oil port 24, the third through hole 63, the first through hole 61 and the second through hole 62 to relatively displace circumferentially, the first through hole 61, until the seventh through hole 75 is opened on the bottom surface of the piston 20, the residual high-pressure oil in the energy accumulator 1 enters the annular cavity 8 through the seventh through hole 75 and then returns to the oil tank through the tenth through hole 73 and the valve 12, at this time, the pressure of the rodless cavity 30 is quickly reduced, the piston 20 and the piston rod 5 impact the tested piece at the highest impact speed, the piston 20 and the piston rod can generate impact rebound after impacting the tested piece, and the secondary impact is avoided or reduced because the pressure of the rodless cavity 30 is reduced, and the impact test is completed;
5) the impact testing machine resets, the two-position three-way reversing valve 17 loses power, the two-position three-way reversing valve 17 is in a spring position where the port A is communicated with the port T and the port P is closed again, the valve 12 is closed, the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6 is powered on and is in an electromagnet position where the port P is communicated with the port A and the port L is closed, the high-pressure air pump 7 is started, high-pressure air enters the rod cavity 4 through the port P, the port A and the eighth through hole 74 of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6, hydraulic oil in the rodless cavity 30 flows back to the oil tank through the port A and the port T of the two-position three-way reversing valve 17, the piston 20 and the piston rod 5 move downwards under the action of high-pressure air in the rod cavity 4 until the cone 81 of the piston 20 sequentially props up the first sealing ring 28 and props up the second sealing ring 22 to be contacted with the bottom surface of the blind hole 32 of the base 23 through the first through, stopping the high-pressure air pump 7, opening the valve 12, powering off the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve 6 to be in a spring position where the port A is communicated with the port L and the port P is closed, and completing the resetting work of the impact testing machine;
6) and (5) repeating the steps 2) to 5) after the impact test is carried out again.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for explaining the inventive concept of the present patent, and do not limit the protection of the claims of the present patent, and any insubstantial modifications of the present invention using this concept shall fall within the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (7)
1. An impact testing machine, characterized in that: the impact testing machine comprises a base and a cylinder barrel, wherein the bottom end of the cylinder barrel is embedded in a blind hole of the base, and the top end of the cylinder barrel vertically extends upwards to the position above the base;
the direction of the central axis of the cylinder barrel or the direction parallel to the central axis of the cylinder barrel is defined as an axial direction, the direction of the diameter of the cross section of the cylinder barrel is a radial direction, and the direction surrounding the central axis of the cylinder barrel is a circumferential direction;
a piston and a piston rod which can slide up and down along the axial direction are arranged in the cylinder barrel, the bottom end of the piston rod is fixed on the piston, the upper end surface of the piston is a step surface, an annular retaining shoulder is arranged at the top of the cylinder barrel, and a gap seal is formed between the outer wall of the piston rod and the inner wall of the annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel; a rod cavity is formed by enclosing the piston rod, the annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel, the inner wall of the cylinder barrel and the upper end surface of the piston into a step surface; a rodless cavity is formed by enclosing the lower end face of the piston, the inner wall surface of the cylinder barrel and the bottom surface of the blind hole in the base; a gap seal is formed between the outer wall of the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel, and the gap seal divides the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel into a rod cavity positioned at the upper part of the piston and a rodless cavity positioned at the lower part of the piston;
an eighth through hole is formed in the side wall below the annular retaining shoulder at the top end of the cylinder barrel, and the rod cavity is connected with an A port of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve through the eighth through hole; an L port of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with the atmosphere; the port P of the pneumatic two-position three-way reversing valve is connected with a high-pressure air pump; a plurality of seventh through holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper end of the cylinder barrel, and the seventh through holes are communicated with the inner cavity and the outer wall of the cylinder barrel;
an annular body is welded on the outer wall of the upper half part of the cylinder barrel, which is positioned above the base, an annular cavity is formed by the outer wall of the cylinder barrel and the inner wall of the annular body, and a tenth through hole is formed in the annular body; the annular cavity is communicated with the rod cavity through the seventh through hole, and the annular cavity is communicated with an oil tank through the tenth through hole and a valve;
the impact testing machine further comprises a plurality of energy accumulators, the energy accumulators are arranged around the circumference of the cylinder barrel, and an energy accumulator oil port is formed in the bottoms of the energy accumulators; the base is provided with a plurality of third through holes, and the third through holes are communicated with the oil port of the energy accumulator;
a throttling adjusting ring is further arranged between the inner side surface of the blind hole of the base and the outer side surface of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel; a plurality of second through holes are formed in the side wall of the throttling adjusting ring at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; a third groove and a fourth groove are respectively arranged on the inner side of the throttling adjusting ring, the third groove is positioned above the second through hole, and the fourth groove is positioned below the second through hole; a fifth groove and a sixth groove are respectively arranged on the outer side of the throttling adjusting ring, the fifth groove is positioned above the second through hole, and the sixth groove is positioned below the second through hole; sealing rings are arranged in the third groove, the fourth groove, the fifth groove and the sixth groove; the throttling adjusting ring is rotatably and tightly sleeved between the inner side surface of the blind hole of the base and the outer side surface of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel through a driving device;
a plurality of first through holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are overlapped and communicated in the radial direction, and the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are in one-to-one correspondence; the axial heights and the cross section shapes of the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are the same, and a throttling through channel is formed at the communicated part of the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole; one end of the first through hole is communicated with the rodless cavity, and the other end of the first through hole is communicated with the oil port of the energy accumulator through the second through hole and the third through hole;
the base is also provided with a fourth through hole, one end of the fourth through hole is communicated with the third through hole, the other end of the fourth through hole is communicated with a P2 port of the one-way valve, and a P1 port of the one-way valve is communicated with an oil source; a fifth through hole is further formed in the base, one end of the fifth through hole is communicated with the rodless cavity, the other end of the fifth through hole is communicated with an A port of a two-position three-way reversing valve, a T port of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with an oil tank, and a P port of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with a P2 port of the one-way valve;
a first groove and a second groove are respectively formed in the inner side of the bottom end of the cylinder barrel, the first groove is located above the first through hole, and the second groove is located below the first through hole;
the first groove is provided with a first sealing ring, and the second groove is provided with a second sealing ring.
2. An impact test stand according to claim 1, wherein: the driving device comprises a driving part and a transmission part, the driving part is fixedly embedded in a driving part fixing hole on the flange at the bottom of the cylinder barrel, and the driving part adopts a servo or stepping motor and a pneumatic or hydraulic motor in a rotation driving mode; the transmission part comprises a first transmission gear and a second transmission gear, the first transmission gear is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the driving part, and the second transmission gear is fixedly arranged on the throttling regulating ring; the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear are meshed with each other.
3. An impact test stand according to claim 1, wherein: the driving part adopts a screw rod, a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder in a linear driving mode; the transmission part adopts a shifting fork and a shifting lever which are fixed with the throttling regulating ring.
4. An impact test stand according to claim 1, wherein: the throttling through channel formed among the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole forms one of three channel areas of completely overlapped through, partially overlapped through and completely non-overlapped non-through according to the rotation angle of the throttling adjusting ring.
5. An impact test stand according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom end of the piston is provided with a cone which is convenient for inserting the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring.
6. An impact test stand according to claim 1, wherein: for the impact testing machine adopting two or more energy accumulators, a ninth through hole is further formed in the base and communicates each third through hole communicated with the oil port of each energy accumulator.
7. An impact test stand according to claim 1, wherein: the shapes of the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole and the seventh through hole are selected from the group consisting of but not limited to a kidney shape, a rectangle, a circle and a triangle.
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| CN201910513396.2A CN112082723B (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2019-06-14 | Impact testing machine |
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| CN201910513396.2A CN112082723B (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2019-06-14 | Impact testing machine |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113029829A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 山东爱国锻造有限公司 | Impact testing machine for flange plate production |
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| CN112082723B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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