CN112080137A - Heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
- C08K2003/382—Boron-containing compounds and nitrogen
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Abstract
The invention provides a nylon 6 composite material with heat conduction, electromagnetic shielding and high strength and a preparation method thereof, wherein a main body of the nylon 6 composite material is composed of nylon 6 microspheres containing hexagonal boron nitride, an object is a carbon nano material, and the nylon 6 composite material has an isolated double-percolation structure; according to the invention, the dual regulation of the melting range and the thermal conductivity of the nylon 6 matrix is realized by changing the addition amount of the hexagonal boron nitride, and the preparation of the high-strength isolation and conduction structure composite material from the nylon 6 matrix is realized on the basis, so that the heat conduction, electromagnetic shielding and high-strength multifunctional material is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nylon composite materials, and particularly relates to a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6(PA6) composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of communication technology, signal frequency, signal strength, transmission rate and the like are continuously improved, and higher requirements are put forward on the heat conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance of the radio frequency front-end material of the device.
The traditional preparation method of the heat-conducting electromagnetic shielding nylon 6 composite material is to mix the electric-conducting and heat-conducting fillers by haake blending, but because the fillers are randomly dispersed in the polymer matrix, such as CN109867951A, when the filler content reaches 40-70 parts, a continuous heat-conducting and electric-conducting path can be formed in the composite material, which is not in line with the current mainstream concept of saving energy and protecting environment, and the high filling amount of the fillers can seriously affect the processing performance and the mechanical performance of the composite material. In addition, CN105038160A proposes to adopt an isolated conductive structure as an electromagnetic shielding composite material, but the mechanical properties of the electromagnetic shielding composite material are poor, which limits the application range.
Therefore, the key for preparing the 5G communication material is to find an effective method which can effectively improve the mechanical property of the nylon 6 with the isolation structure and construct a high-quality and stable electric and heat conduction path in a material system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nylon 6 composite material with heat conduction, electromagnetic shielding and high strength and a preparation method thereof, the method realizes double regulation and control of the melting range and the heat conductivity of a nylon 6 matrix by changing the addition amount of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and realizes the preparation of the composite material with the high-strength isolation and electric conduction structure by the nylon 6 matrix on the basis, thereby realizing the multifunctionalization of heat conduction, electromagnetic shielding and high strength. Meanwhile, the method has simple steps and convenient operation, and provides a new idea for preparing the heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a nylon 6 composite material, a main body (matrix) is composed of nylon 6 microspheres containing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), an object (conductive filler) is a carbon nano material, and the composite material has an isolated double-percolation structure;
the carbon nano material is one or two of multi-layer graphene and a multi-wall carbon nano tube; the particle size of the multilayer graphene is 0.1 to 50 μm, and a specific surface area of 100 to 2000m2(ii)/g; the pipe diameter of the multi-walled carbon nano-tube is 2-30 nanometers, and the specific surface area is 100-1100 m2/g；
The nylon 6 composite material has excellent heat-conducting property, bending strength and electromagnetic shielding property.
The preparation method of the nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) sequentially dispersing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), Polystyrene (PS) and initiator sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in Caprolactam (CL) in a molten state, distilling under reduced pressure to remove water, adding activator Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), carrying out polymerization reaction for 15-30 min at 160-180 ℃ to obtain an alloy, and then carrying out solvent etching (PS phase) to obtain a nylon 6 matrix;
the hexagonal boron nitride and the polystyrene can be well dispersed in caprolactam to form a suspension;
the mass of the hexagonal boron nitride accounts for 0.01-30% of that of caprolactam, and preferably 1-20%;
the mass of the polystyrene accounts for 10-30% of that of caprolactam;
the mass of the initiator accounts for 0.2-0.5% of that of caprolactam;
the mass of the activating agent accounts for 0.2-0.6% of the mass of caprolactam;
in order to remove water as much as possible, the temperature for removing water by reduced pressure distillation (vacuum pumping) is 140-260 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min;
the solvent used for etching is toluene or tetrahydrofuran, and specifically, the solvent etching method comprises the following steps: at room temperature (20-30 ℃), placing the obtained alloy in a solvent for etching for 24 hours, wherein the volume consumption of the solvent is 2-4 mL/g based on the mass of the alloy;
the melting range of the obtained nylon 6 substrate is 180-240 ℃;
(2) mixing the nylon 6 matrix obtained in the step (1) with a carbon nano material, and performing hot press molding to obtain the nylon 6 composite material;
the mass of the carbon nano material accounts for 0.1-40%, preferably 2-30% of that of the nylon 6 matrix;
a mechanical stirrer is used for mixing, the stirring speed is 1000-80000 rpm, and the mixing time is 1-10 min;
the hot press molding uses a hot press, the temperature is set to be 190-260 ℃ (the temperature of the hot press can be set to be 220-260 ℃) in order to obtain the high-strength composite material, the pressure is set to be 3-30 MPa, and the time is 3-20 min.
The nylon 6 composite material can be applied to the fields related to military industry, ships, automobiles, electronic communication and the like, particularly the fields with multiple requirements on heat conduction, electromagnetic shielding, material strength and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, as the nitrogen atoms on the surface of the hBN and the hydrogen atoms in the caprolactam can form hydrogen bonds, the hBN has good dispersibility in the caprolactam, and an hBN heat-conducting network is constructed on a nylon 6 matrix in advance through in-situ polymerization, so that the hBN can be mutually connected with a carbon nano material, a complete heat-conducting path is built, the heat-conducting percolation is reduced, and the heat-conducting performance of the material is improved; and the existence of hBN widens the melting range of the nylon 6 microspheres and improves the integral strength of the isolation material. By adjusting the rotating speed of mechanical mixing, the carbon nano material is uniformly coated on the surface of the nylon 6 matrix due to the electrostatic acting force, so that a three-dimensional conductive network is constructed, the conductive performance is exerted to the greatest extent, and the electromagnetic shielding performance is effectively improved.
In a word, the invention realizes the uniform blending of the matrix containing the hBN nylon 6 and the carbon nano material, and not only improves the mechanical property of PA6, but also greatly improves the heat conduction and the electric conduction of PA6 in the process of constructing a heat conduction network, thereby becoming a multifunctional composite material with good heat management, electromagnetic shielding performance and high strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material prepared in example 2.
FIG. 2 is an optical and polarizing electron micrograph of the MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 matrix prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a distribution plot of the MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 matrix particle size prepared in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the thermogravimetric curves and the maximum thermogravimetric temperatures of the carbon nanomaterials/hBN @ PA6 prepared in examples 4 and 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific examples, without restricting its scope to these.
Example 1
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 5g of hBN (alatin, 99.9%, 1-2 microns, B106033) into 100g of CL in a molten state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaner at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion, stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, carrying out vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally carrying out suction filtration to obtain the hBN @ PA6 substrate. 1g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 99g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 2
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 15g of hBN into 100g of CL in a molten state, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion liquid, then stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, performing vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally performing suction filtration to obtain an hBN @ PA6 substrate. 1g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 99g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 3
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 25g of hBN into 100g of CL in a molten state, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion liquid, then stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, performing vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally performing suction filtration to obtain the hBN @ PA6 substrate. 1g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 99g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 4
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 5g of hBN into 100g of CL in a molten state, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion liquid, then stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, performing vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally performing suction filtration to obtain an hBN @ PA6 substrate. 10g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 100g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 5
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 15g of hBN into 100g of CL in a molten state, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion liquid, then stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, performing vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally performing suction filtration to obtain an hBN @ PA6 substrate. 10g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 100g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 6
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 25g of hBN into 100g of CL in a molten state, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion liquid, then stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, performing vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally performing suction filtration to obtain the hBN @ PA6 substrate. 10g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 100g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 7
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 5g of hBN into 100g of CL in a molten state, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion liquid, then stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, performing vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally performing suction filtration to obtain an hBN @ PA6 substrate. 10g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 100g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 220 ℃.
Example 8
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 15g of hBN into 100g of CL in a molten state, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion liquid, then stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, performing vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally performing suction filtration to obtain an hBN @ PA6 substrate. 10g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 100g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 220 ℃.
Example 9
A preparation method of a heat-conducting, electromagnetic-shielding and high-strength nylon 6 composite material comprises the following steps:
adding 25g of hBN into 100g of CL in a molten state, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine at the power of 100w to obtain a dispersion liquid, then stirring to dissolve 15g of PS, adding 0.4g of NaOH, performing vacuum dewatering for 20min, adding 0.4g of TDI, pouring into a mold at 170 ℃ for polymerization for 20min to obtain an alloy, etching PA by using toluene, and finally performing suction filtration to obtain the hBN @ PA6 substrate. 10g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 100g of hBN @ PA6 were mixed and stirred with a high speed stirrer at 10000rpm for 1 min. The MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composite material is prepared by hot-press molding, the hot-press time is 5min, the pressure is 8MPa, and the temperature is 220 ℃.
The electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of the MWCNT/hBN @ PA6 composites prepared in examples 1-9 above were measured according to respective test standards, and the test results are shown in table 1 below. The conductivity test method comprises the following steps: the four-probe method is used for detection, the X-band waveguide method is used for electromagnetic shielding test, and the thermal conductivity test standard is as follows: ASTM D5470 and mechanical strength test standard test: GB/T13022-1991.
TABLE 1
Claims (9)
1. The nylon 6 composite material is characterized in that a main body of the nylon 6 composite material is composed of nylon 6 microspheres containing hexagonal boron nitride, an object is a carbon nano material, and the nylon 6 composite material has an isolated double-percolation structure;
the carbon nano material is one or two of multi-layer graphene and multi-wall carbon nano tubes.
2. The nylon 6 composite material of claim 1, wherein the multi-layer graphene has a particle size of 0.1-50 microns and a specific surface area of 100-2000 m2(ii)/g; the pipe diameter of the multi-walled carbon nano-tube is 2-30 nanometers, and the specific surface area is 100-1100 m2/g。
3. The preparation method of the nylon 6 composite material of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sequentially dispersing hexagonal boron nitride, polystyrene and initiator sodium hydroxide in caprolactam in a molten state, distilling under reduced pressure to remove water, adding activator toluene diisocyanate, carrying out polymerization reaction for 15-30 min at 160-180 ℃ to obtain an alloy, and then carrying out solvent etching to obtain a nylon 6 matrix;
the mass of the hexagonal boron nitride accounts for 0.01-30% of that of caprolactam;
the mass of the polystyrene accounts for 10-30% of that of caprolactam;
the mass of the initiator accounts for 0.2-0.5% of that of caprolactam;
the mass of the activating agent accounts for 0.2-0.6% of the mass of caprolactam;
(2) mixing the nylon 6 matrix obtained in the step (1) with a carbon nano material, and performing hot press molding to obtain the nylon 6 composite material;
the mass of the carbon nano material accounts for 0.1-40% of that of the nylon 6 matrix.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the hexagonal boron nitride accounts for 1-20% of the caprolactam by mass.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature for removing water by vacuum distillation in step (1) is 140 to 260 ℃ for 20 to 30 min.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the solvent used for etching is toluene or tetrahydrofuran, and the solvent etching is performed by: and (3) etching the obtained alloy in a solvent for 24 hours at room temperature, wherein the volume consumption of the solvent is 2-4 mL/g based on the mass of the alloy.
7. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the mass of the carbon nano material accounts for 2-30% of the mass of the nylon 6 matrix.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), a mechanical stirrer is used for the mixing, the stirring speed is 1000-80000 rpm, and the mixing time is 1-10 min.
9. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), a hot press is used for hot press forming, the temperature is set to be 190-260 ℃, the pressure is set to be 3-30 MPa, and the time is 3-20 min.
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| US11622483B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2023-04-04 | North University Of China | Gradient electrically conductive-uniform thermally conductive dual network structure-based electromagnetic shielding polymer composite with low reflection and high absorption |
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