CN112079399A - Preparation method of low-cost high-performance nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material - Google Patents

Preparation method of low-cost high-performance nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material Download PDF

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CN112079399A
CN112079399A CN202010926522.XA CN202010926522A CN112079399A CN 112079399 A CN112079399 A CN 112079399A CN 202010926522 A CN202010926522 A CN 202010926522A CN 112079399 A CN112079399 A CN 112079399A
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ethoxide
nickel
pure water
cobalt
putting
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CN112079399B (en
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黄碧英
黄耀泽
唐天文
郑军伟
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Longneng Technology Nantong Co ltd
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/40Nickelates
    • C01G53/42Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C01G25/00Compounds of zirconium
    • C01G25/02Oxides
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G41/00Compounds of tungsten
    • C01G41/02Oxides; Hydroxides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-cost high-performance nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite positive electrode material, wherein the molar ratio of lithium to nickel to cobalt to aluminum to oxygen in the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite positive electrode material is 1.03: X: Y: 1-X-Y: 2, (wherein X is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 0.9, and Y is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.15).

Description

Preparation method of low-cost high-performance nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of 3C, power and energy storage materials and electrochemistry, in particular to a preparation method of a low-cost high-performance nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used due to their advantages of high energy density, high voltage, long cycle life, etc., and their commercialization requires further improvement in energy density, cycle performance, rate capability, thermal stability and storage performance, and reduction in internal resistance and self-discharge; meanwhile, in order to reduce the cost of raw materials, a low-cobalt and cobalt-free technical route is also a necessary way.
Under the background, the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material needs to be modified and optimized in material performance through different modification methods, such as element doping, element coating and the like, so that the performances of the lithium ion battery ternary cathode material in all aspects are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the invention provides a preparation method of the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material with low cost and high performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a low-cost high-performance nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the molar ratio of lithium to nickel to cobalt to aluminum to oxygen in the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite anode material is 1.03: X: Y to (1-X-Y) to 2, (wherein X is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 0.9, and Y is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.15).
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. mixing of raw materials
Putting zirconium ethoxide or/and tungsten ethoxide or/and magnesium ethoxide into pure water, mixing and stirring, and fully and uniformly dispersing for 0.5-1 hour to obtain a zirconium ethoxide or/and tungsten ethoxide or/and magnesium ethoxide aqueous solution.
Secondly, putting lithium hydroxide and nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide into zirconium ethoxide or/and tungsten ethoxide or/and magnesium ethoxide water solution, mixing and stirring, and fully and uniformly dispersing for 0.5-1 hour; the adding amount of lithium hydroxide and nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide is added according to the molar ratio of 1.03: 1, the adding amount of zirconium ethoxide or/and tungsten ethoxide or/and magnesium ethoxide is added according to 0.3-0.6% of the mass of a finished product, the using amount of pure water is added according to 50% of the total mass of the mixed solution, and the resistivity of the pure water is 10-18M omega cm.
B. Rake drying
Drying the material obtained in step A by means of a rake to remove water.
C. Sintered synthesis
And D, putting the material prepared in the step B into a kiln in an oxygen atmosphere for sintering in a gradient manner for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ and for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 750-800 ℃.
D. Mechanical crushing
C, coarsely crushing the sintered material in the step C by means of a jaw crushing double-roll machine, wherein the particle size of the coarsely crushed material is 1-2 mm; and (3) finely crushing the coarsely crushed materials by a mechanical crusher, wherein the granularity of the finely crushed materials is 10-12 um.
E. Magnetic removal by sieving
D, removing foreign matters, large particles and other substances from the crushed material in the step D through a 325-mesh vibrating screen; and removing magnetic substances in the sieved material through a 9000GS iron remover.
F. Washing to remove impurities
Putting the material treated in the step E into pure water, mixing and stirring for 0.5-1 hour, wherein the mass ratio of the material to the pure water is 1: 1, and the resistivity of the pure water is 10-18M omega cm; the mixed and stirred material is subjected to a centrifuge or a filter press to remove water containing alkaline and ionic impurities.
G. Intermediate temperature drying
And F, putting the material washed and decontaminated in the step F into a vacuum baking oven, and baking the material in a vacuum environment of-0.08 to-0.1 MPa at 350 to 400 ℃.
H. Mechanical depolymerization
And D, depolymerizing the material treated in the step G by using a closed negative pressure type thermal cycle mechanical pulverizer to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by selecting lithium hydroxide to replace lithium carbonate as a lithium source, the lithium hydroxide is completely decomposed in the sintering process, the alkalinity of the ternary material is weakened, the sensitivity of the ternary material to humidity is reduced, and the first discharge capacity is relatively high; meanwhile, the particle size distribution of the ternary cathode material prepared by taking lithium hydroxide as a lithium source is relatively narrow, the difference of Li and transition metal contents in large particles and small particles is effectively reduced, the risk of damaging the material structure due to excessive lithium removal of the small particles caused by polarization factors in the charging process is reduced, and the cycle performance of the material is improved.
2. Zirconium oxide formed by sintering zirconium ethoxide can effectively reduce direct contact of active substances and electrolyte and prevent hydrofluoric acid generated by electrolyte decomposition from corroding electrode active materials by selecting zirconium ethoxide, tungsten ethoxide and magnesium ethoxide as coating materials, so that the cycle performance of the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate anode material is improved; tungsten oxide formed by sintering tungsten ethoxide can effectively improve the discharge specific capacity and the rate capability of the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate anode material; the magnesium oxide formed by sintering the magnesium ethoxide can effectively reduce the polarization and internal resistance of active substances in the charging and discharging process and slow down the self-discharge speed, and simultaneously improve the storage performance of the lithium ion battery and prolong the cycle life of the lithium ion battery.
3. The nickel cobalt lithium aluminate precursor is subjected to liquid phase dispersion pre-coating by selecting the nano metal, so that the nano metal can be more effectively and uniformly dispersed on the particle surface of the precursor, a more stable metal oxide coating shell structure is formed after sintering synthesis and moderate temperature drying, the damage of the metal oxide shell structure is reduced in the subsequent mechanical crushing depolymerization process, and the integrity of the shell structure is ensured.
4. The washing process can effectively remove the lithium salt and impurities remained in the medium-low temperature step sintering synthesis process of the material, and is more beneficial to the application of the material in the lithium ion battery and the improvement of the electrical property.
5. The depolymerization is carried out by selecting closed negative pressure type thermal cycle mechanical pulverization, so that the moisture absorption of the material in the depolymerization process can be more effectively prevented, and the processing of the material in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery is more facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a button cell discharge graph.
Fig. 2 is a graph of a 3C charge-discharge cycle.
Detailed Description
A preparation method of a low-cost high-performance nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the molar ratio of lithium to nickel to cobalt to aluminum to oxygen in the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite anode material is 1.03: X: Y to (1-X-Y) to 2, (wherein X is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 0.9, and Y is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.15).
Example 1:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. mixing of raw materials
Firstly, zirconium (C) ethoxide2H5O)4Zr and tungsten ethoxide (C)2H5O)5And (3) putting W into pure water, mixing and stirring, and fully and uniformly dispersing for 0.5-1 hour to obtain the zirconium ethoxide and tungsten ethoxide aqueous solution.
② lithium hydroxide (LiOHH)2O), nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide [ Ni ]0.8Co0.15Al0.05(OH)2]Adding zirconium ethoxide and tungsten ethoxide aqueous solution, mixing and stirring, and fully and uniformly dispersing for 0.5-1 hour; the adding amount of lithium hydroxide and nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide is added according to the molar ratio of 1.03: 1, the adding amount of zirconium ethoxide is 0.2% of the mass of a finished product, the adding amount of tungsten ethoxide is 0.2% of the mass of the finished product, the using amount of pure water is 50% of the total mass of the mixed solution, and the resistivity of the pure water is 10-18M omega cm.
B. Rake drying
Drying the material obtained in step A by means of a rake to remove water.
C. Sintered synthesis
And D, putting the material prepared in the step B into a kiln in an oxygen atmosphere for sintering in a gradient manner for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ and for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 750-800 ℃.
D. Mechanical crushing
C, coarsely crushing the sintered material in the step C by means of a jaw crushing double-roll machine, wherein the particle size of the coarsely crushed material is 1-2 mm; and (3) finely crushing the coarsely crushed materials by a mechanical crusher, wherein the granularity of the finely crushed materials is 10-12 um.
E. Magnetic removal by sieving
D, removing foreign matters, large particles and other substances from the crushed material in the step D through a 325-mesh vibrating screen; and removing magnetic substances in the sieved material through a 9000GS iron remover.
F. Washing to remove impurities
E, putting the material treated in the step E into pure water, mixing and stirring for 0.5-1 hour, wherein the mass ratio of the material to the pure water is 1: 1, and the resistivity of the pure water is 10-18M omega cm; the mixed and stirred material is subjected to a centrifuge (or a filter press) to remove water containing alkaline and ionic impurities.
G. Intermediate temperature drying
And F, putting the material washed and decontaminated in the step F into a vacuum baking oven, and baking the material in a vacuum environment of-0.08 to-0.1 MPa at 350 to 400 ℃.
H. Mechanical depolymerization
And D, depolymerizing the material treated in the step G by using a closed negative pressure type thermal cycle mechanical pulverizer to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material.
Example 2:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. mixing of raw materials
Firstly, zirconium (C) ethoxide2H5O)4Zr, tungsten ethoxide (C)2H5O)5W and magnesium ethoxide (C)2H5O)2And adding Mg into pure water, mixing and stirring, and fully and uniformly dispersing for 0.5-1 hour to obtain the aqueous solution of zirconium ethoxide, tungsten ethoxide and magnesium ethoxide.
② lithium hydroxide (LiOHH)2O), nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide [ Ni ]0.85Co0.1Al0.05(OH)2]Adding zirconium ethoxide, tungsten ethoxide and magnesium ethoxide aqueous solution, mixing and stirring, and fully and uniformly dispersing for 0.5-1 hour; adding lithium hydroxide and nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide according to a molar ratio of 1.03: 1, adding zirconium ethoxide according to 0.15% of the finished product, adding tungsten ethoxide according to 0.15% of the finished product, and adding magnesium ethoxide according to the finished product0.15% of (A), the amount of pure water used being 50% by mass of the total mixed solution, the resistivity of the pure water being 10 to 18M Ω & cm.
B. Rake drying
Drying the material obtained in step A by means of a rake to remove water.
C. Sintered synthesis
And D, putting the material prepared in the step B into a kiln in an oxygen atmosphere for sintering in a gradient manner for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ and for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 750-800 ℃.
D. Mechanical crushing
C, coarsely crushing the sintered material in the step C by means of a jaw crushing double-roll machine, wherein the particle size of the coarsely crushed material is 1-2 mm; and (3) finely crushing the coarsely crushed materials by a mechanical crusher, wherein the granularity of the finely crushed materials is 10-12 um.
E. Magnetic removal by sieving
D, removing foreign matters, large particles and other substances from the crushed material in the step D through a 325-mesh vibrating screen; and removing magnetic substances in the sieved material through a 9000GS iron remover.
F. Washing to remove impurities
Putting the material treated in the step E into pure water, mixing and stirring for 0.5-1 hour, wherein the mass ratio of the material to the pure water is 1: 1, and the resistivity of the pure water is 10-18M omega cm; the mixed and stirred material is subjected to a centrifuge (or a filter press) to remove water containing alkaline and ionic impurities.
G. Intermediate temperature drying
And F, putting the material washed and decontaminated in the step F into a vacuum baking oven, and baking the material in a vacuum environment of-0.08 to-0.1 MPa at 350 to 400 ℃.
H. Mechanical depolymerization
And D, depolymerizing the material treated in the step G by using a closed negative pressure type thermal cycle mechanical pulverizer to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material.
The performance of the button cell made of the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material obtained in example 1 is shown in fig. 1-2.

Claims (2)

1. A preparation method of a low-cost high-performance nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: lithium in the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material: the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, aluminum and oxygen is 1.03: X: Y: 1-X-Y: 2, wherein X is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 0.9, and Y is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.15; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. mixing of raw materials
Putting zirconium ethoxide or/and tungsten ethoxide or/and magnesium ethoxide into pure water, mixing and stirring, and fully and uniformly dispersing for 0.5-1 hour to obtain a zirconium ethoxide or/and tungsten ethoxide or/and magnesium ethoxide aqueous solution;
secondly, putting lithium hydroxide and nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide into zirconium ethoxide or/and tungsten ethoxide or/and magnesium ethoxide water solution, mixing and stirring, and fully and uniformly dispersing for 0.5-1 hour; adding lithium hydroxide and nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide according to a molar ratio of 1.03: 1, adding zirconium ethoxide or/and tungsten ethoxide or/and magnesium ethoxide according to 0.3-0.6% of the mass of a finished product, dosing pure water according to 50% of the total mass of the mixed solution, wherein the resistivity of the pure water is 10-18M omega cm;
B. rake drying
Drying the substance obtained in the step A by means of rake to remove water;
C. sintered synthesis
Putting the material prepared in the step B into a kiln in an oxygen atmosphere for stepped sintering, sintering for 5-6 hours at 450-500 ℃ and sintering for 5-6 hours at 750-800 ℃;
D. mechanical crushing
C, coarsely crushing the sintered material in the step C by means of a jaw crushing double-roll machine, wherein the particle size of the coarsely crushed material is 1-2 mm; finely crushing the coarsely crushed material by a mechanical crusher, wherein the granularity of the finely crushed material is 10-12 um;
E. magnetic removal by sieving
D, removing foreign matters, large particles and other substances from the crushed material in the step D through a 325-mesh vibrating screen; removing magnetic substances in the sieved materials by a 9000GS iron remover;
F. washing to remove impurities
Putting the material treated in the step E into pure water, mixing and stirring for 0.5-1 hour, wherein the mass ratio of the material to the pure water is 1: 1, and the resistivity of the pure water is 10-18M omega cm; removing water containing alkaline and ionic impurities from the mixed and stirred materials by a centrifugal machine or a filter press;
G. intermediate temperature drying
Putting the material washed and decontaminated in the step F into a vacuum baking oven, and baking the material in a vacuum environment of-0.08 to-0.1 MPa at 350 to 400 ℃;
H. mechanical depolymerization
And D, depolymerizing the material treated in the step G by using a closed negative pressure type thermal cycle mechanical pulverizer to obtain the nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material.
2. The method for preparing the low-cost high-performance nickel cobalt lithium aluminate composite cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step A and the step B, the nano metal liquid phase is dispersed and pre-coated, in the step C, the nano metal oxide shell coating layer is synthesized by adopting medium-low temperature step sintering, and in the step D, the dispersed material particles are mechanically depolymerized.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107482210A (en) * 2017-07-14 2017-12-15 广东工业大学 A kind of magnesia@nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode materials and preparation method and application
CN108206276A (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-26 天津国安盟固利新材料科技股份有限公司 A kind of lithium ion anode material of compound coating and preparation method thereof
CN109148872A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-04 新乡天力锂能股份有限公司 A kind of method preparing nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material and the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate prepared with this method
CN111525118A (en) * 2020-05-15 2020-08-11 陕西红马科技有限公司 Preparation method of mixed nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate anode material
US20200274160A1 (en) * 2018-03-21 2020-08-27 Lionano (Zhejiang) Inc. Nickel-cobalt-aluminium ternary lithium ion battery cathode material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108206276A (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-26 天津国安盟固利新材料科技股份有限公司 A kind of lithium ion anode material of compound coating and preparation method thereof
CN107482210A (en) * 2017-07-14 2017-12-15 广东工业大学 A kind of magnesia@nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode materials and preparation method and application
US20200274160A1 (en) * 2018-03-21 2020-08-27 Lionano (Zhejiang) Inc. Nickel-cobalt-aluminium ternary lithium ion battery cathode material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery
CN109148872A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-04 新乡天力锂能股份有限公司 A kind of method preparing nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material and the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate prepared with this method
CN111525118A (en) * 2020-05-15 2020-08-11 陕西红马科技有限公司 Preparation method of mixed nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate anode material

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