CN112077118A - Treatment process of solid waste residues in electrolytic magnesium production - Google Patents
Treatment process of solid waste residues in electrolytic magnesium production Download PDFInfo
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- CN112077118A CN112077118A CN202010897084.9A CN202010897084A CN112077118A CN 112077118 A CN112077118 A CN 112077118A CN 202010897084 A CN202010897084 A CN 202010897084A CN 112077118 A CN112077118 A CN 112077118A
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- slag
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910014856 CaCl2—KCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment process of solid waste residues in electrolytic magnesium production. Comprises a slag crushing process and a slag treatment process. The method specifically comprises the steps of crushing large waste residues, carrying out a slag treatment process, collecting and treating reaction generated gas, and stacking reaction residues after dehydration. The process method can recover valuable metal magnesium in the solid waste residue to the maximum extent, and the recovery rate can reach over 86 percent; in addition, the active solid waste residue can be converted into non-reactive inert harmless substances after being processed, and the potential danger of combustible explosive gas hydrogen and the potential environmental pollution problem of harmful gas ammonia are radically eliminated. The process method has the advantages of simple operation, high working efficiency, strong solid waste residue treatment capacity, short overhaul period and cost and labor saving; the whole treatment process is reliable, standard and green, and has important guiding and reference significance for standardizing the behaviors of the electrolytic magnesium industry and promoting the high-quality development of the electrolytic magnesium industry in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnesium metal industrial waste residue treatment, in particular to a treatment process of solid waste residue in electrolytic magnesium production.
Background
At present, the main methods for industrially producing metal magnesium include a metallothermic reduction method and a molten salt electrolysis method. The solid waste residue in the production of electrolytic magnesium has three sources: slag of a magnesium electrolytic cell; magnesium molten salt furnace slag; slag of a magnesium continuous refining furnace.
In the production of electrolytic magnesium, the working media in the refractory material tank (hearth) of the magnesium electrolytic tank, the magnesium molten salt furnace and the magnesium continuous refining furnace are MgCl2-NaCl-CaCl2-KCl-based mixed molten salt and having magnesium liquid on the surface thereof. In the operation and operation maintenance processes of a magnesium electrolytic cell, a magnesium molten salt furnace and a magnesium continuous refining furnace, the cell is formedThe formation and accumulation of (slag) and the production of bath (slag) results from: (1) oxides and other impurities brought along with the additive during supplementing or adjusting the molten salt components; (2) the water brought by the additive and the tools can react with the melting medium in the furnace (groove) to generate furnace (groove) slag; (3) the air entering the furnace (groove) reacts with the high-temperature medium in the furnace (groove) to generate furnace (groove) slag.
The magnesium oxide is wetted by the molten salt and then deposited on the bottom of the furnace or the bottom of the electrolytic cell to form slag. The production and the accumulation of stove (groove) sediment can cause adverse effect to the normal operating of stove (groove), must clear up out with mechanical grab bucket or artifical sediment harrow when stove (groove) bottom slag blanket accumulation to certain thickness, and the red hot soft muddy water form sediment holds and goes into in preheating dry steel sediment fill in advance, treats to solidify the back fork completely and transports the sediment and handle the workshop and handle.
The main components of the solid waste residue in the electrolytic magnesium production are as follows: MgO, MgCl2、CaCl2NaCl, KCl, Mg and Mg2N3The slag is active, and combustible explosion gas hydrogen and toxic gas ammonia are generated by stacking and exposing the slag to air, particularly humid air, and the chemical reaction equation is as follows: mg (magnesium)2N3+H2O＝Mg(OH)2+2NH3↑；Mg+2H2O＝Mg(OH)2+H2×) @. Explosion or injury can occur when the concentrations of hydrogen and ammonia generated by the reaction accumulate sufficiently high. Therefore, the disposal of solid slag is essential.
At present, no complete and standard device or process special for solid waste slag in electrolytic magnesium production exists in the industry. In the design specification of electrolytic magnesium, the solid waste residue in the production of electrolytic magnesium is still qualified as general industrial solid waste. Related electrolytic magnesium production enterprises adopt an anti-seepage process and perform anti-seepage treatment on sites and slopes according to the requirements of general industrial solid storage and disposal site pollution control standards (GB 18599-2001). The untreated method not only can not recover valuable metal magnesium in the slag, and causes great economic loss, but also causes environmental pollution and personnel injury accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that solid waste residues contain metal magnesium in the prior electrolytic magnesium production, have activity and can generate combustible and explosive gases such as hydrogen and toxic gas ammonia when being stacked and exposed in air, particularly moist air, the invention controls the whole process and collects and processes reaction generated gas by crushing massive waste residues to the particle size of less than 2mm and then reacting the crushed massive waste residues with industrial water, and the reaction residues are stacked after dehydration, thereby finally aiming at providing a treatment process of the solid waste residues in the electrolytic magnesium production.
The invention relates to a technical scheme of a treatment process of solid waste residues in electrolytic magnesium production, which comprises the following steps:
a treatment process of solid waste residues in electrolytic magnesium production comprises a slag crushing process and a slag treatment process, and comprises the following specific processes:
step one, a slag crushing process: crushing solid slag blocks to slag blocks smaller than 150mm by using a stone crusher, then feeding the slag blocks into a buffer bin through a grid, feeding the slag blocks in the buffer bin into a jaw crusher through a lower conveyor I, and picking and collecting metal magnesium blocks in a metal magnesium collecting bin in the process; the magnetic separator on the conveyor I adsorbs the magnetic substances to the magnetic separator, and then the magnetic substances are recovered; slag with the particle size of less than 25mm from the jaw crusher enters the eddy current separator through the second conveyor; magnesium particles with the particle size of less than 25mm separated from the first eddy current separator outlet enter a metal magnesium collecting bin, and slag particles with the particle size of less than 25mm separated from the second eddy current separator outlet enter a double-layer vibrating screen; slag materials with the grain diameter of 15-25mm on the upper layer vibrating screen enter a jaw crusher through a conveyor III; slag with the particle size of 2-15mm on the sieve of the lower vibrating screen enters a conical crusher through a conveying pipe, and slag with the particle size of less than 2mm at the outlet of the conical crusher enters the upper vibrating screen through the conveying pipe; slag materials with the particle size smaller than 2mm below the lower layer vibrating screen enter a slag box of the slag processing unit through a conveying pipe;
step two, a slag treatment process: after the slag is crushed, the slag with the particle size of less than 2mm enters the continuous stirring tank from the slag box through the fourth conveyor, and is uniformly stirred in the continuous stirring tank and then is mixed in the mixing pipeIndustrial water supplied by an industrial water supply pipe is mixed to form slurry, the slurry enters a reaction tank, hydrogen generated in the reaction tank is diluted by air introduced through an air inlet pipe, hydrogen aggregation is avoided, the stirring effect of the slurry can be enhanced, and generated ammonia gas is purified by an ammonia removal purifier and is discharged into the atmosphere together with the diluted hydrogen gas through a pipeline; if the generated hydrogen and ammonia exceed the standard, the gas detection alarm around the reaction tank and the mixing pipe can give an alarm to remind an operator to check and process; when the slag is treated in winter, hot air can be used for diluting hydrogen to avoid hydrogen aggregation, and meanwhile, enough temperature in the reaction tank is kept, and the degree and speed of reaction are enhanced, so that active substances in slag slurry are completely eliminated, and the slag is converted into inert harmless substances without reactivity; wherein the chemical reaction in the reaction tank is as follows: mg (magnesium)2N3+H2O＝Mg(OH)2+2NH3↑，Mg+2H2O＝Mg(OH)2+H2×) ×; the slag slurry discharged from the reaction tank without activity is buffered by a stirring and maintaining tank, added with polymer and then enters a centrifugal filter for solid-liquid separation, and harmless solid slag separated by the centrifugal filter is sent to a slag field; the wastewater separated by the centrifugal filter is sent to a wastewater centralized treatment plant.
Further, the ammonia removal purifier is a biological ammonia removal purifier.
Further, the polymer is a mixture of polyaluminium chloride and polyacrylamide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the process method can recover valuable metal magnesium in the solid waste residue to the maximum extent, and the recovery rate can reach over 86 percent; in addition, the active solid waste residue can be converted into non-reactive inert harmless substances after being processed, and the potential danger of combustible explosive gas hydrogen and the potential environmental pollution problem of harmful gas ammonia are radically eliminated. The process method has the advantages of simple operation, high working efficiency, strong solid waste residue treatment capacity, short overhaul period and cost and labor saving; the whole treatment process is reliable, standard and green, and has important guiding and reference significance for standardizing the behaviors of the electrolytic magnesium industry and promoting the high-quality development of the electrolytic magnesium industry in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the treatment process of solid waste slag in the production of electrolytic magnesium according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to the attached figure 1, the invention provides a treatment process of solid waste residues in electrolytic magnesium production, which comprises a slag crushing process and a slag treatment process, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
step one, a slag crushing process: crushing the solid slag blocks to slag blocks smaller than 150mm by using a stone crusher, then feeding the slag blocks into a buffer bin through a grid, feeding the slag blocks in the buffer bin into a jaw crusher through a lower conveyor I, and picking and collecting the metal magnesium blocks in a metal magnesium collecting bin in the process; the magnetic separator on the conveyor I adsorbs the magnetic substances to the magnetic separator, and then the magnetic substances are recovered to a recovery box; slag with the particle size of less than 25mm from the jaw crusher enters the eddy current separator through the second conveyor; magnesium particles with the particle size of less than 25mm separated from the first eddy current separator outlet enter a metal magnesium collecting bin, and slag particles with the particle size of less than 25mm separated from the second eddy current separator outlet enter a double-layer vibrating screen; slag materials with the grain diameter of 15-25mm on the upper layer vibrating screen enter a jaw crusher through a conveyor III; slag with the particle size of 2-15mm on the sieve of the lower vibrating screen enters a conical crusher through a conveying pipe, and slag with the particle size of less than 2mm at the outlet of the conical crusher enters the upper vibrating screen through the conveying pipe; slag materials with the particle size smaller than 2mm below the lower layer vibrating screen enter a slag box of the slag processing unit through a conveying pipe;
step two, a slag treatment process: slag materials with the particle size of less than 2mm after slag crushing enter a continuous stirring tank from a slag box through a conveyor IV, are uniformly stirred by the continuous stirring tank, are mixed with industrial water supplied by an industrial water supply pipe in a mixing pipe to form slurry, and enter a reaction tank, hydrogen generated in the reaction tank is diluted by air introduced through an air inlet pipe, so that hydrogen aggregation is avoided, the stirring effect of the slurry can be enhanced, and the generated ammonia gas is purified to reach the standard through biological ammonia removal purifier and then is discharged into the atmosphere through a pipeline together with the diluted hydrogen; if the generated hydrogen and ammonia exceed the standard, the gas detection alarm around the reaction tank and the mixing pipe can give an alarm to remind an operator to check and process; when the slag is treated in winter, hot air can be used for diluting hydrogen to avoid hydrogen aggregation, and meanwhile, enough temperature in the reaction tank is kept, and the degree and speed of reaction are enhanced, so that active substances in slag slurry are completely eliminated, and the slag is converted into inert harmless substances without reactivity; buffering the slag slurry discharged from the reaction tank by a stirring and maintaining tank, adding a polymer (a mixture of polyaluminium chloride and polyacrylamide), then feeding the mixture into a centrifugal filter for solid-liquid separation, and feeding harmless solid slag separated by the centrifugal filter into a slag field; the wastewater separated by the centrifugal filter is sent to a wastewater centralized treatment plant.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A treatment process of solid waste residue in electrolytic magnesium production is characterized in that: the method comprises a slag crushing process and a slag treatment process, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
step one, a slag crushing process: crushing solid slag blocks to slag blocks smaller than 150mm by using a stone crusher, then feeding the slag blocks into a buffer bin through a grid, feeding the slag blocks in the buffer bin into a jaw crusher through a lower conveyor I, and picking and collecting metal magnesium blocks in a metal magnesium collecting bin in the process; the magnetic separator on the first conveyor adsorbs the magnetic substances to the magnetic separator, and then the magnetic substances are recovered; slag with the particle size of less than 25mm from the jaw crusher enters the eddy current separator through the second conveyor; magnesium particles with the particle size of less than 25mm separated from the first eddy current separator outlet enter a metal magnesium collecting bin, and slag particles with the particle size of less than 25mm separated from the second eddy current separator outlet enter a double-layer vibrating screen; slag materials with the grain diameter of 15-25mm on the upper layer vibrating screen enter a jaw crusher through a conveyor III; slag with the particle size of 2-15mm on the screen of the lower vibrating screen enters a conical crusher through a conveying pipe, and slag with the particle size of less than 2mm from the opening of the conical crusher enters the upper vibrating screen through the conveying pipe; slag materials with the particle size smaller than 2mm below the lower layer vibrating screen enter a slag box of the slag processing unit through a conveying pipe;
step two, a slag treatment process: slag materials with the particle size of less than 2mm after slag crushing enter a continuous stirring tank from a slag box through a conveyor IV, after the slag materials are uniformly stirred by the continuous stirring tank, the slag materials are mixed with industrial water supplied by an industrial water supply pipe in a mixing pipe to form slurry, the slurry enters a reaction tank, hydrogen generated in the reaction tank is diluted by air introduced through an air inlet pipe, hydrogen aggregation is avoided, the stirring effect of the slurry can be enhanced, and generated ammonia gas is purified by an ammonia removal purifier to reach the standard and then is discharged into the atmosphere together with the diluted hydrogen through a pipeline; if the generated hydrogen and ammonia exceed the standard, the gas detection alarm around the reaction tank and the mixing pipe can give an alarm to remind an operator to check and process; when the slag is treated in winter, hot air can be used for diluting hydrogen to avoid hydrogen aggregation, and meanwhile, enough temperature in the reaction tank is kept, and the degree and speed of reaction are enhanced, so that active substances in slag slurry are completely eliminated, and the slag is converted into inert harmless substances without reactivity; the slag slurry discharged from the reaction tank without activity is buffered by a stirring and maintaining tank, added with polymer and then enters a centrifugal filter for solid-liquid separation, and harmless solid slag separated by the centrifugal filter is sent to a slag field; the wastewater separated by the centrifugal filter is sent to a wastewater centralized treatment plant.
2. The process for treating solid waste residues in the production of electrolytic magnesium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the ammonia removal purifier is a biological ammonia removal purifier.
3. The process for treating solid waste residues in the production of electrolytic magnesium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the polymer is a mixture of polyaluminium chloride and polyacrylamide.
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Application publication date: 20201215 |