CN112075156B

CN112075156B - Preparation and application of water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for wind erosion pit pasture planting

Info

Publication number: CN112075156B
Application number: CN202011017575.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雷自强; 罗万银; 赵睿; 熊红冉; 王芳; 杨尧霞; 彭辉
Original assignee: Northwest Normal University; Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Normal University; Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Priority date: 2020-09-24
Filing date: 2020-09-24
Publication date: 2022-11-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-24
Also published as: CN112075156A

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a water-retaining and temperature-adjusting material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture. The material is prepared by compounding at least two organic phase change energy storage materials at high temperature to obtain a eutectic mixture, mixing the eutectic mixture with a high-molecular water retention material, adding tap water, and stirring uniformly. According to the invention, at least two organic phase change energy storage materials are compounded at high temperature to obtain a eutectic mixture for slowing down the sudden drop of the environmental temperature so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the temperature and provide a proper temperature for the sprouting and growth of pasture, then the eutectic mixture compounded by the organic phase change energy storage materials is mixed with a high polymer water retention material to obtain a water retention and temperature adjustment material connected through hydrogen bonds, and the eutectic mixture compounded by the organic phase change energy storage materials and the high polymer water retention material are coordinated and acted together so that the material has excellent water retention and temperature adjustment performance.

Description

Preparation and application of water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for wind erosion pit pasture planting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of desertification control and ecological restoration of grasses, and relates to preparation and application of a water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting weathering pit forage grass.

Background

Soil wind erosion is one of the main processes of land desertification, and is one of the serious ecological environmental problems of arid areas, semiarid areas and partial semihumid areas in China. The erosion pit is a concave land formed on the original sandy sediment due to the erosion effect of wind. Its appearance is often a clear indicator of activation of fixed sand dunes, which is considered to be the most direct ground reflection of the wind-sand dynamic processes of these regions in response to climate change and human activity. The deposition environment and the landform conditions for the development of the wind erosion pit are different, the form change is very obvious, but the wind erosion pit can be basically divided into four forms of sand spots, a dish shape, a bowl shape, a groove shape and the like, the different development stages of the wind erosion pit are reflected, and the depth of the wind erosion pit is changed from several meters to more than ten meters. However, the depth of the giant wind erosion pit developed in the northeast edge harmony basin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau can reach nearly 50 meters. Displaying a terrain monitoring result: the wind erosion pit developed on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is complete in type and huge in shape, and particularly in some ancient sand hill areas with deep wind sand deposition, the maximum wind erosion pit area can exceed 100000 m ² The length of the pit body is about 1000 m (sand accumulation after pit bearing), the width is 180 m, the depth is 40 m, the plastic erosion of the pit body is obvious, the pit body expands outwards at the collapse speed of about 2-5 m each year on average, and the grassland is damaged in three modes of disturbance, pressing and phagocytosis. The desert in the alpine arid regions in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is influenced by low-temperature and low-pressure environments, the natural environment of the desert is different from that of the desert regions in the north, and the desert is often used for controlling the formation, fixation and movement of dunes. In addition, compared with the coast and grassland wind erosion pits in low-altitude areas, the giant wind erosion pit in the alpine arid area is subjected to terrainAnd the seasonal temperature difference of the pit walls (yin and yang slopes) on the two sides is greatly changed, so that differential erosion and collapse phenomena are generally caused, once the seasonal temperature difference occurs, the seasonal temperature difference is continuously invaded and expanded, and the treatment difficulty is very high. Meanwhile, the formation process of the sand dune is often accompanied with the multi-phase flow conveying and depositing process of wind, snow and wind sand, the vegetation grows slowly, and the ground surface is influenced repeatedly by the freezing and melting process.

In recent years, various wind prevention and sand fixation measures are layered, ecological restoration of a common grassland wind erosion pit is not very difficult, but in a wind erosion pit in an alpine and arid region, due to low temperature, drought and strong wind accelerated in the wind erosion pit (equivalent to a narrow tube effect), pasture seeds are difficult to land and germinate even if the seeds land, so that the treatment of the grassland wind erosion pit in the alpine and arid region is very difficult. The method comprises the following steps that 3 key technical problems need to be solved in the treatment of the wind erosion pit of the grassland in the alpine arid region, and firstly, the pasture seeds are in a non-flowing environment; secondly, the temperature of the soil microenvironment where the forage grass seeds are located is increased; thirdly, sufficient water and fertilizer conditions are provided for the germination and growth of the grass seeds. This requires the soil microenvironment to have the functions of temperature rise (phase change energy storage material), heat preservation (water storage and energy storage material) and water collection and saving (improving the water and fertilizer holding capacity of the soil).

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a water-retaining and temperature-adjusting material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture.

1. Preparation of water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture

The invention relates to a preparation method of a water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for pasture planting in a wind erosion pit, which comprises the steps of reacting at least two organic phase change energy storage materials at 70-100 ℃ for 1-8 h, carrying out ultrasonic at 45-55 ℃ for 85-95s, carrying out dynamic uniform mixing by utilizing the enhanced mass transfer dispersion effect of ultrasonic, and naturally cooling to obtain an eutectic; and (3) fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the polymer water-retaining material containing loess according to the mass ratio of 1 to 5, adding tap water, and stirring at room temperature for 1 to 5 hours to obtain the water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for pasture planting in the wind erosion pit. Wherein the organic phase change energy storage material is stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, polyethylene glycol or palmitic acid; the at least two organic phase change energy storage materials have the same mass; the polymer water-retaining material containing the loess is obtained by compounding the polymer water-retaining material and the loess, wherein the mass fraction of the loess is 0.4 to 0.6 percent, and the compounding of the loess and the polymer water-retaining material can improve the water-retaining property of the material and reduce the cost; the high-molecular water-retaining material is at least one of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization xanthan gum, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization flaxseed gum, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization sand sagebrush gum and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization sesbania gum.

The phase change temperature of the prepared eutectic is 10 to 26 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 90 to 120J/g, and the larger phase change latent heat can provide stable heat energy for the material. The introduced high-molecular water-retaining material has a cross-linked three-dimensional network structure and carries strong hydrophilic groups, and can expand into hydrogel after absorbing water, so that the heat released by the phase-change energy storage material can be absorbed, the soil temperature is kept stable, the water can be slowly released for vegetation to absorb and utilize, the saturated water holding capacity of the soil is increased, and in addition, the high-molecular water-retaining material also has good evaporation prevention and seepage prevention functions.

2. Application of water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture

The invention relates to an application of a water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting pasture in a wind erosion pit. Wherein the mass ratio of the sand to the soil to the sheep manure is 100; the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is 1.5 to 2.5 percent of the mass of the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and pasture seeds. The sandy soil can be obtained from local materials, has wide sources and low cost.

The germination conditions of seeds on the 1 st day, the 2 nd day, the 10 th day and the 50 th day of the jute bags placed in the wind erosion pits are recorded, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, it can be seen that the herbage seeds in the jute bags can germinate within 10 to 15 days in an environment temperature of 3 to 13 ℃ although the herbage seeds undergo a wind and snow weather and a surface freeze-thaw process. After the water retention and temperature regulation material is added into the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and pasture seeds in the jute bag, the water retention rate can be increased by 25 to 40 percent, and the temperature inside the jute bag is 1 to 2 ℃ higher than that in nearby sand on average.

In conclusion, the invention firstly adopts at least two organic phase change energy storage materials to be compounded at high temperature to obtain the eutectic mixture which is used for slowing down the sudden drop of the environmental temperature so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the temperature and provide proper temperature for the sprouting and the growth of the pasture, then the eutectic mixture compounded by the organic phase change energy storage materials is mixed with the high polymer water retention material to obtain the water retention and temperature regulation material connected by the hydrogen bond, and the eutectic mixture compounded by the organic phase change energy storage materials and the high polymer water retention material are mutually coordinated and act together so that the material has excellent water retention and temperature regulation performance. The invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, environmental protection, low cost and the like, and the material has wide application prospect in the planting of the weathering pit forage grass and the original ecological restoration of the grass in the alpine and arid regions.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a photograph of a water-retention and temperature-adjusting material of the present invention placed in a weathering pit on day 1.

Fig. 2 is a photograph of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material of the present invention placed in a weathering pit on day 2.

Fig. 3 is a photograph of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material of the present invention placed in a weathering pit on day 10.

Fig. 4 is a photograph of the water-retention and temperature-adjusting material of the present invention placed in a weathering pit on day 30.

Detailed Description

The preparation and application of the water-retaining and temperature-adjusting material for planting the weathering pit pasture are further described by the following specific embodiments.

Example 1

5 g of palmitic acid, 5 g of palmitic acid and 5 g of stearic acid are weighed respectively and kept at 80 ℃ for 2 hours in a thermostat. And then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. And then, fully mixing the eutectic mixture with the loess-containing 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization carboxymethyl cellulose in a mass ratio of 1, adding tap water, and mechanically stirring for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain the water-retention temperature-regulating material.

The water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is added into a mixture of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of elymus chinense, beckmark grass, lysimachia harzigachne, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure = 100% and the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is 1.5% of the mass of the mixture), the mixture is uniformly mixed, the mixture is filled into 80 cm.100 cm jute bags, the jute bags are placed in a wind erosion pit, the distance between the jute bags is 2 m, and each 3 jute bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature regulation material is added into the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and grass seeds in the jute bag, the water retention rate is improved by 30 percent, the temperature inside the jute bag is 1 to 2 ℃ higher than that in nearby sand on average, 3 local grass sprouts in 12 days at the ambient temperature of 3 to 13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in wind erosion pit sand nearby the jute bag do not sprout.

Example 2

5 g of lauric acid and 5 g of polyethylene glycol are weighed respectively and are kept at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 3 hours in a constant temperature box. And then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. And then, fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the loess-containing 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization xanthan gum according to the mass ratio of 1.

Adding the water-retention and temperature-regulation material into a mixture consisting of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of elymus chinense, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia sikokiana, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure =100, the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-regulation material is 2.5% of the mass of the mixture), uniformly mixing, filling the obtained final sample into 80 cm.100 cm jute bags, placing the jute bags in a wind erosion pit, wherein the distance between the jute bags is 2 m, and each 3 jute bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature regulation material is added into the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and grass seeds in the gunny bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 33 percent, the temperature inside the gunny bag is averagely 2 ℃ higher than that in the nearby sand, 3 local grass seeds germinate within 10 days at the environmental temperature of 3-13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of a wind erosion pit nearby the gunny bag do not germinate.

Example 3

5 g of palmitic acid and 5 g of myristic acid are weighed respectively and kept at 100 ℃ for 5 hours in a thermostat. Then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. And then, fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the graft copolymerization flaxseed gum containing loess 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid according to the mass ratio of 1.

Adding the water-retention and temperature-regulation material into a mixture consisting of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of elymus chinense, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia sikokiana, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure =100, the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-regulation material is 2.5% of the mass of the mixture), uniformly mixing, filling the obtained final sample into 80 cm.100 cm jute bags, placing the jute bags in a wind erosion pit, wherein the distance between the jute bags is 2 m, and each 3 jute bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature regulation material is added into the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and grass seeds in the gunny bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 37 percent, the temperature in the gunny bag is averagely 2 ℃ higher than that in the nearby sand, 3 local grass seeds germinate within 10 days at the environmental temperature of 3-13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of a wind erosion pit nearby the gunny bag do not germinate.

Example 4

5 g of polyethylene glycol, 5 g of palmitic acid and 5 g of lauric acid are weighed respectively and kept at the constant temperature of 70 ℃ for 2 hours in a constant temperature box. And then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. And then, fully mixing the eutectic mixture with loess-containing 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization artemisia glue according to the mass ratio of 1.

The water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is added into a mixture consisting of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of elymus chinense, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia sikokiana, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure =100, the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is 2.5% of the mass of the mixture), the mixture is uniformly mixed, the mixture is filled into 80 cm.100 cm jute bags, the jute bags are placed in wind erosion pits, the distance between the jute bags is 2 m, and each 3 jute bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature regulation material is added into the mixture of the soil, the sand, the sheep manure and the grass seeds in the jute bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 35 percent, the temperature inside the jute bag is 1 to 2 ℃ higher than that in the nearby sand on average, 3 local grass seeds germinate after 10 days at the environmental temperature of 3 to 13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of a wind erosion pit nearby the jute bag do not germinate.

Example 5

5 g of myristic acid, 5 g of stearic acid and 5 g of lauric acid were weighed and kept at 80 ℃ for 7 hours in a thermostat. Then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. Then, mixing the eutectic mixture with the loess-containing 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymer sesbania gum according to the mass ratio of 1.

The water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is added into a mixture consisting of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of shakeweed, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure = 100. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is put into gunny bags of 80 cm.100 cm, the gunny bags are placed in the wind erosion pit, the distance between every two gunny bags is 2 m, and every 3 gunny bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature regulation material is added into the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and grass seeds in the jute bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 25 percent, the temperature inside the jute bag is 1 to 2 ℃ higher than that in nearby sand on average, 3 local grass seeds germinate after 15 days at the environmental temperature of 3 to 13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of a wind erosion pit nearby the jute bag do not germinate.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for pasture planting in a wind erosion pit comprises the steps of reacting at least two organic phase change energy storage materials at 70-100 ℃ for 1-8 hours, carrying out ultrasonic so that the materials are dynamically and uniformly mixed under the action of enhanced mass transfer dispersion, and naturally cooling to obtain an eutectic; fully mixing the eutectic mixture and a polymer water-retaining material containing loess according to the mass ratio of 1 to 5, adding tap water, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a water-retaining temperature-regulating material for planting the pasture in the weathering pit; the organic phase change energy storage material is stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, polyethylene glycol and palmitic acid;

the polymer water-retaining material containing the loess is obtained by compounding the polymer water-retaining material and the loess, wherein the mass fraction of the loess is 0.4 to 0.6 percent;

the high-molecular water-retaining material is at least one of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization xanthan gum, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization flaxseed gum, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization sand sagebrush gum and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization sesbania gum.

2. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the at least two organic phase change energy storage materials have the same mass.

3. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasound is 85 to 95s at the temperature of 45 to 55 ℃.

4. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring time is 1 to 5 hours.

5. The use of a water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for wind-eroded pit pasture plantation prepared by the method of claim 1, characterized in that: adding the water-retention temperature-regulating material into the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and pasture seeds, uniformly mixing, filling into a gunny bag, and putting into a wind erosion pit.

6. The use of a water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for wind pit pasture planting according to claim 5, wherein: the mass ratio of the sand to the soil to the sheep manure is 100.

7. The use of a water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for wind pit pasture planting according to claim 5, wherein: the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is 1.5 to 2.5 percent of the mass of the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and pasture seeds.