CN112073721B - Efficient non-I frame image coding and decoding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency non-I frame image coding and decoding method, wherein the coding method is to detect an original video sequence by adopting a preset dividing rule on a non-I frame image in an image level, and set an identification bit of the image which is determined to be approximate to a static frame according to the preset dividing rule as true, otherwise set the image identification bit as false, and write the identification bit into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame-level mark of true, each coding unit directly adopts a preset new coding mode to code, and coding information of the preset new coding mode is written into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame-level mark of false, each coding unit still divides and pre-codes the coding units of the image according to the originally set coding method, and the dividing information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit are written into the code stream. The invention can reduce the complexity of encoding and decoding and can also improve the efficiency of encoding and decoding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a data compression method, in particular to a high-efficiency non-I frame image coding and decoding method.
Background
With the rapid development and wide popularization of technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, machine intelligence, man-machine hybrid intelligence, big data, cloud computing, edge computing and the like, various applications surrounding massive video data are induced. In 2019, 7 months, on the 127 th MPEG conference, one of the next generation video coding and decoding directions, that is, the unification of compression coding facing machine vision and compression and semantic characterization facing man-machine hybrid vision, is proposed. In intelligent application facing man-machine mixing, once images and videos mainly comprising traditional natural images enter a computer or a robot, the images and videos usually undergo various processes of the computer, and more videos generated by the computer are emerging. These videos are ubiquitous and will become one of the primary sources of multimedia delta stream. Such as remote desktop, teleconferencing, or screen sharing in remote teaching. A significant feature of such images, typically represented by screen sharing, is the presence of almost completely stationary frames (hereinafter referred to as "near stationary frames") in the video sequence. For example, in remote teaching, the same ppt may be taught for several frames, some of which are almost completely stationary or even completely stationary.
In order to further improve the coding efficiency of the video sequence, the latest international video compression standard VVC (Versatile Video Coding) and the third-generation digital audio and video coding technical standard AVS3 in China adopt the following coding method:
(1) On the one hand, more flexible block segmentation technology is adopted in the method of using the block of the previous video standard as a coding unit (when a frame of image is coded, the frame of image is divided into a plurality of sub-images with MxM pixels, and a block of the sub-image is coded). For example, AVS3 employs a quadtree, a binary tree, and a block partitioning approach of an enhanced quadtree. The size of the maximum coding unit may also be extended to 128x128.
(2) On the other hand, in the conventional hybrid coding framework, a plurality of coding modes are used for coding: different coding modes are adopted for the image coding blocks with different image contents and properties. The VVC, AVS3 standard and its extended version of standard, the coding modes mainly include Intra mode, inter mode, intra Block Copy (IBC), palette mode, intra string Copy (prediction) mode, and the like. Wherein Intra mode, intra Block Copy (IBC), palette mode, intra string Copy (prediction) mode are mainly used to remove spatial redundancy, and inter mode is mainly used to remove temporal redundancy. These modes are divided into different coding sub-modes according to the direction of prediction, the size of the prediction block (PU partition sub-mode), the type of predicted residual, etc. Such as the number of intra modes in the VVC standard extends from 33 used in HEVC to 65. Inter prediction modes of the AVS3 standard include skip mode, direct mode, and other inter prediction modes. The skip mode comprises an affine skip and other sub-modes. Inter-frame coding modes are mainly used for low-delay coding configurations, and reference may be made to information of previously coded frames. The decoded pictures generally include at least I pictures (frames), P pictures, and B pictures. An I picture (frame) refers to a picture decoded using only intra prediction; the P picture refers to a picture that can be decoded using a past picture in display order as a reference picture in inter prediction; the B picture may have a plurality of reference pictures (past) whose display order is located before the current picture and a plurality of reference pictures (future) whose display order is located after the current picture.
In the existing data compression technology, the following video compression method is generally adopted: and (3) coding different image coding units of the non-I frame image by adopting various existing coding modes in a video compression method in sequence, calculating a rate distortion value obtained by the modes, and selecting the mode with the minimum rate distortion value from the mode as the optimal mode of the coding unit for coding, thereby further improving the coding efficiency. The existing coding and decoding methods obviously increase coding and decoding complexity, and do not optimize almost complete still frames in a video sequence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a high-efficiency non-I frame image coding and decoding method, which is characterized in that an original video sequence is detected through a preset dividing rule at an image (frame level) level, whether a current frame is an approximate static frame is judged, a current frame image belonging to the approximate static frame is skipped over a coding unit dividing step and a rate distortion selecting process of a partial coding mode, so that coding and decoding complexity is reduced, and the approximate static frame is coded and decoded by adopting the preset coding mode.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a high-efficiency non-I-frame image coding method, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the steps of detecting an original video sequence by adopting a preset division rule on a non-I frame image at an image level, setting an identification bit of the image which is determined to be an approximate static frame according to the preset division rule to be true, setting an image identification bit of the non-approximate static frame to be false, and writing the identification bit into a code stream;
for the current frame image with the frame-level mark of true, each coding unit directly adopts a preset new coding mode to code, and coding information of the preset new coding mode is written into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame-level mark of false, each coding unit still divides and pre-codes the coding units of the image according to the originally set coding method, and the dividing information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit are written into the code stream.
Further, the method for judging whether the preset dividing rule is an approximate static frame is as follows:
step 2.1: calculating the sum of absolute values of pixel difference values at the same position of a current coded image and a previous frame image, wherein the sum is represented by a symbol 'totalpixel diff';
step 2.2: calculating the total pixel number of the current coding image, which is represented by a symbol of 'totalpixelNO';
step 2.3: if the percentage of "totalPixelDiff" to "totalPixelNO" is less than or equal to the threshold a, the current encoded image is determined to be an "approximated still frame", otherwise, it is determined to be a "non-approximated still frame".
Further, the threshold a is 0.
Further, the method for determining whether the preset division rule is an approximate still frame may further include the following steps:
step 4.1: calculating the number of blocks with zero total difference between pixels at the same position of a current coded image and a previous frame image by taking blocks with fixed size as units, wherein the number is represented by a symbol of zeroBlockNO;
step 4.2: calculating the total number of blocks of a current coding image with a fixed size, and representing the current coding image by a symbol of 'total Block NO';
step 4.3: if the percentage of "zeroBlockNO" to "totalBlockNO" is greater than or equal to the threshold B, the current encoded image is determined to be an "approximate still frame", otherwise, is determined to be a "non-approximate still frame", where the threshold B is 0.99.
Further, the preset new coding mode adopts a coding mode with the least number of consumed coding bits, and the coding mode with the least number of consumed coding bits adopts an inter-frame prediction skip mode or one of sub-modes of the inter-frame prediction skip mode.
The invention also provides a decoding method for the compressed data after being encoded by each encoding method, which comprises the following specific technical scheme:
a high-efficiency non-I frame image decoding method comprises the steps of adopting compressed data coded by the coding method, analyzing a compressed data code stream, and obtaining frame-level identification information of a current image for a non-I frame image; if the frame-level identification information is true, analyzing preset new coding mode information, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit to be a preset new coding mode; if the frame-level identification information is false, analyzing the division information and the coding mode information of each coding unit according to the originally set decoding method, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the analyzed optimal coding mode.
Further, the parsing the preset new coding mode refers to parsing skip mode information, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit to skip mode.
Further, the parsing the preset new coding mode refers to obtaining a reconstructed pixel mode of repeating a previous frame, that is, the pixels of the current frame directly copy reconstructed pixels of the same position of the previous frame, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the reconstructed pixel mode of repeating the previous frame.
Further, the operation of repeating the previous frame to reconstruct the pixel pattern is simply directly derived from the frame-level identification of the "approximate still frame".
The invention discloses a non-I frame image coding and decoding method, firstly detecting an original video sequence at an image (frame level) level through a preset dividing rule, judging whether a current frame is an approximate static frame, and skipping a coding unit dividing step and a rate distortion selecting process of a partial coding mode for the current frame image belonging to the approximate static frame, thereby reducing coding and decoding complexity; in addition, the approximate still frame is encoded by adopting a preset new encoding mode, so that the problem of low encoding efficiency caused by the fact that an encoding unit erroneously selects an optimal encoding mode (a certain error exists in the reconstructed pixel) due to the fact that a mode selection mechanism based on a minimum rate distortion value is adopted in actual lossy encoding can be solved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coding method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the decoding method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The present embodiment first discloses a high-efficiency non-I-frame image encoding method, which is summarized as follows as shown in fig. 1: detecting an original video sequence by adopting a preset division rule on a non-I frame image at an image level, setting an identification bit of the image which is determined to be an approximate static frame according to the preset division rule as true, setting an image identification bit of the non-approximate static frame as false, and writing the identification bit into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame-level mark of true, each coding unit directly adopts a preset new coding mode to code, and coding information of the preset new coding mode is written into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame-level mark of false, each coding unit still divides and pre-codes the coding units of the image according to the originally set coding method, and the dividing information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit are written into the code stream.
The above-mentioned method for judging whether the frame is an "approximate still frame" by using a preset dividing rule provides two ways:
(1) Presetting a first division rule mode:
step 1.1: calculating the sum of absolute values of pixel difference values at the same position of a current coded image and a previous frame image, wherein the sum is represented by a symbol 'totalpixel diff';
step 1.2: calculating the total pixel number of the current coding image, which is represented by a symbol of 'totalpixelNO';
step 1.3: if the percentage of "totalPixelDiff" to "totalPixelNO" is less than or equal to the threshold a (where threshold a is 0), the current encoded image is determined to be "near still frames", otherwise "non-near still frames".
(2) Presetting a division rule mode II:
step 2.1: calculating the number of blocks with zero total difference between pixels at the same position of a current coded image and a previous frame image by taking blocks with fixed size as units, wherein the number is represented by a symbol of zeroBlockNO;
step 2.2: calculating the total number of blocks of a current coding image with a fixed size, and representing the current coding image by a symbol of 'total Block NO';
step 2.3: if the percentage of "zeroBlockNO" to "totalBlockNO" is greater than or equal to the threshold B (where the threshold B is 0.99), the current encoded image is determined to be an "approximated still frame", otherwise, it is determined to be a "non-approximated still frame".
The preset new coding modes mentioned in the above coding method may also be respectively adopted in the following ways:
presetting a new coding mode I: a coding mode consuming the least number of coding bits, such as an inter-prediction skip mode, or one of the sub-modes of the inter-prediction skip mode, is used.
Presetting a new coding mode II: the pixel mode of reconstructing the previous frame is repeated, that is, the pixels of the current frame directly copy the reconstructed pixels at the same position of the previous frame, for example: repeating the previous frame to reconstruct the pixel pattern is simply derived directly from the frame-level identification of the "near still frame".
The optimal coding mode mentioned in the above coding method may employ a mode formed by one or a combination of the following modes: intra prediction mode, or inter prediction mode, or IBC mode, or Palette mode.
The present embodiment also provides a decoding method for compressed data after being encoded by each of the above-described encoding methods, and the decoding method is as shown in fig. 2, and the summary content is as follows: analyzing the compressed data code stream coded by the coding method, and obtaining frame-level identification information of a current image for a non-I frame image; if the frame-level identification information is true, analyzing preset new coding mode information, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit to be a preset new coding mode; if the frame-level identification information is false, analyzing the division information and the coding mode information of each coding unit according to the originally set decoding method, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the analyzed optimal coding mode.
In order to clearly show the codec method given in this embodiment, two specific embodiments are given below for illustration:
example 1:
the coding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: at the image (frame level) level, for non-I-frame images, the original video sequence is detected using the following preset partitioning rules and sub-steps. If the current frame and the image of the previous frame are detected to be almost completely static frames (namely 'approximate static frames'), setting the identification bit pic_is_still_flag to be true, otherwise setting pic_is_still_flag to be false, and writing the identification bit into a code stream:
sub-step 1: calculating the sum of absolute values of pixel difference values at the same position of a current coding image and a previous frame image, and marking the sum as totalPixelDiff;
sub-step 2: calculating the total pixel number of the current coding image, and recording the total pixel number as totalpixelNO;
sub-step 3: according to the percentage case of totalPixelDiff and totalPixelNO, the current encoded picture is set to an almost complete still frame when the ratio is equal to or less than the threshold a, otherwise is set to a non-almost complete still frame.
If totalPixelDiff/totalPixelNO < = a, then
pic_is_still_flag＝true.
Otherwise
pic_is_still_flag＝false.
Step 2: and according to the frame-level identification information, when the pic_is_still_flag frame-level identification is true, setting each coding unit of the current frame image to be a skip mode for coding, writing coding information of the skip mode into a code stream, otherwise, dividing and precoding the coding units of the image according to an original coding method, and dividing and precoding the coding units of the image according to the original coding method.
If pic_is_still_flag is true, then
Coding according to skip mode;
writing the skip mode information into the code stream;
otherwise
Dividing and pre-coding units of the images according to an original coding method;
the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit are written into the code stream.
The decoding method after the encoding corresponding to the encoding method is as follows:
step 1: analyzing the compressed data code stream, and obtaining pic_is_still_flag information of whether the current image is almost a complete still frame level identification for the non-I frame image;
step 2: when the image is almost completely still, the frame level mark is true, skip mode information is analyzed and the coding mode of each coding unit is set to skip mode, otherwise, the partition information and the coding mode information of each coding unit are analyzed according to the original decoding method:
if pic_is_still_flag is true, then
Analyzing the compressed data code stream to obtain skip mode information;
setting the encoding mode of each decoding unit to skip mode;
otherwise the first set of parameters is selected,
analyzing the dividing information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit according to the original decoding method;
and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the resolved optimal coding mode.
Example 2:
the coding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: at the image (frame level) level, for non-I-frame images, the original video sequence is detected using the following preset partitioning rules and sub-steps. If the current frame is detected to be an almost complete still frame which is a frame immediately before, setting an identification bit such as pic_is_still_flag to be true, otherwise setting pic_is_still_flag to be false, and writing the identification bit into a code stream:
sub-step 1: calculating the number of blocks with zero total difference between pixels at the same position of the current coded image and the previous frame image by taking the blocks with fixed size as units, and marking the number as zeroBlockNO;
sub-step 2: calculating the total number of blocks of the current coding image with a fixed size, and recording the total number as total Block NO;
sub-step 3: according to the case that zeroBlockNO occupies a percentage of totalBlockNO, when the proportion is greater than or equal to the threshold B, the current encoded image is set to an almost complete still frame, otherwise, is set to a non-almost complete still frame.
If zeroBlockNO/totalBlockNO > =b
pic_is_still_flag＝true.
Otherwise
pic_is_still_flag＝false.
Step 2: and according to the frame-level identification information, when the pic_is_still_flag frame-level identification is true, setting each coding unit of the current frame image to repeat the previous frame reconstruction pixel mode for coding, writing the coding information of the repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode into a code stream, otherwise, dividing and precoding the coding units of the image according to the original coding method, and dividing and precoding the coding units of the image according to the original coding method.
If pic_is_still_flag is true, then
Reconstructing a pixel pattern according to a repeated previous frame for encoding;
writing the information of the reconstructed pixel mode of the previous frame into the code stream;
otherwise
Dividing and pre-coding units of the images according to an original coding method;
the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit are written into the code stream.
The decoding method after the encoding corresponding to the encoding method is as follows:
step 1: analyzing the compressed data code stream, and obtaining pic_is_still_flag information of whether the current image is almost a complete still frame level identification for the non-I frame image;
step 2: when the image is almost completely static frame level mark is true, analyzing the reconstructed pixel mode information of the previous frame and setting the coding mode of each coding unit as the reconstructed pixel mode of the previous frame, otherwise analyzing the dividing information and the coding mode information of each coding unit according to the original decoding method:
if pic_is_still_flag is true, then:
analyzing the compressed data code stream to obtain the reconstructed pixel mode information of the repeated previous frame;
setting the encoding mode of each decoding unit to repeat the previous frame reconstruction pixel mode;
otherwise the first set of parameters is selected,
analyzing the dividing information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit according to the original decoding method;
and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the resolved optimal coding mode.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A high-efficiency non-I frame image coding method is characterized in that: detecting an original video sequence by adopting a preset division rule on a non-I frame image at an image level, setting an identification bit of the image which is determined to be an approximate static frame according to the preset division rule to be true, setting an image identification bit of the non-approximate static frame to be false, and writing the identification bit into a code stream;
for the current frame image with the frame-level mark of true, each coding unit directly adopts a preset new coding mode to code, and coding information of the preset new coding mode is written into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame-level mark of false, each coding unit still divides and pre-codes the coding units of the image according to the originally set coding method, and the dividing information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit are written into a code stream;
the preset new coding mode adopts a coding mode with the least consumption coding bit number, and the coding mode with the least consumption coding bit number adopts an inter-frame prediction skip mode or one of sub-modes of the inter-frame prediction skip mode;
the method for judging whether the preset dividing rule is an approximate static frame is as follows:
step 2.1: calculating the sum of absolute values of pixel difference values at the same position of a current coded image and a previous frame image, wherein the sum is represented by a symbol 'totalpixel diff';
step 2.2: calculating the total pixel number of the current coding image, which is represented by a symbol of 'totalpixelNO';
step 2.3: if the percentage of "totalPixelDiff" to "totalPixelNO" is less than or equal to the threshold a, then the current encoded image is determined to be an "approximate still frame", otherwise, it is determined to be a "non-approximate still frame";
or, the method for judging whether the preset dividing rule is an approximate static frame is as follows:
step 4.1: calculating the number of blocks with zero total difference between pixels at the same position of a current coded image and a previous frame image by taking blocks with fixed size as units, wherein the number is represented by a symbol of zeroBlockNO;
step 4.2: calculating the total number of blocks of a current coding image with a fixed size, and representing the current coding image by a symbol of 'total Block NO';
step 4.3: if the percentage of "zeroBlockNO" to "totalBlockNO" is greater than or equal to the threshold B, the current encoded image is determined to be an "approximate still frame", otherwise, is determined to be a "non-approximate still frame", where the threshold B is 0.99.
2. A high efficiency non-I-frame image coding method according to claim 1, wherein: the threshold A is 0.
3. A high efficiency non-I-frame image decoding method, characterized by: the method comprises the steps of adopting compressed data encoded by the encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, analyzing a compressed data code stream, and obtaining frame-level identification information of a current image for a non-I frame image; if the frame-level identification information is true, analyzing preset new coding mode information, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit to be a preset new coding mode; if the frame-level identification information is false, analyzing the division information and the coding mode information of each coding unit according to the originally set decoding method, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the analyzed optimal coding mode.
4. A method of efficient non-I-frame image decoding according to claim 3, characterized by: the parsing the preset new coding mode refers to parsing skip mode information, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as skip mode.
5. An efficient non-I-frame image decoding method as defined in claim 4, wherein: the parsing of the preset new coding mode refers to obtaining a reconstructed pixel mode of repeating a previous frame, that is, the pixels of the current frame directly copy reconstructed pixels of the same position of the previous frame, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the reconstructed pixel mode of repeating the previous frame.
6. An efficient non-I-frame image decoding method as defined in claim 5, wherein: the operation of repeating the previous frame to reconstruct the pixel pattern is directly derived from the frame level identification of the "approximate still frame".
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