CN112072957A - Micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device and method applied to road surface - Google Patents
Micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device and method applied to road surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device and a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting method applied to a road surface, wherein the device comprises a box body, an elastic rubber block arranged in the box body, and a piezoelectric module arranged in the elastic rubber block; the piezoelectric module includes a pressure plate, a cantilever beam piezoelectric module, and a stacked piezoelectric module. The pressing plate is arranged in the elastic rubber block, a rotating shaft is arranged on the pressing plate, and when the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressing plate, which is close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, extrudes the cantilever beam piezoelectric module to generate voltage; one end of the pressure plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, extrudes the stacked piezoelectric module to generate voltage. According to the invention, the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module can be simultaneously extruded by the pressing plate to generate voltage, mechanical energy can be more effectively converted into electric energy, the generated electric energy can be processed by the energy collecting circuit to supply power to wireless sensing equipment in the intelligent traffic information collecting system, and the energy collecting efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy recycling, in particular to a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device and method applied to a road surface.
Background
The road is used as the most main traffic facility, and plays an important role in promoting economic development and providing convenience for people in production and life. Roads are loaded daily with the direct action of countless vehicles and pedestrians, and the mechanical energy of the action is usually reflected in the damage of vibration, deformation, abrasion, cracking and the like of the road surface and is finally dissipated in the environment in the form of heat energy. In this case, if the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material can be utilized to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the waste energy is collected and used to power the sensing node of the traffic sensor, a self-powered piezoelectric traffic sensor system is formed.
At present, the structures of the relatively mature piezoelectric energy collecting devices mainly include cymbals structures and cantilever beam structures. Because the comfort and the safety of the running of the vehicle are required to be ensured, and the service life and the working strength of the road are ensured, the piezoelectric energy collecting device for the road is required to meet the characteristics of large bearing load and small deformation, and the two structures are not good in energy collecting effect when being directly applied to the road surface.
Thus, there is a need for improvements and enhancements in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device and method applied to a road surface, aiming to ensure the comfort and safety of vehicle driving and the service life and working strength of a road through micro-deformation; and the energy collection efficiency of the road piezoelectric energy collection device is improved by the organic combination of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module and the application of the synchronous switch circuit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface comprises a box body, an elastic rubber block arranged in the box body, and a piezoelectric module arranged in the elastic rubber block; the piezoelectric module includes:
the pressing plate is arranged in the elastic rubber block, a rotating shaft is arranged on the pressing plate, and when the elastic rubber block is pressed, the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft;
the cantilever beam piezoelectric module is arranged on the left side of the rotating shaft and is positioned above the pressing plate in an inclined mode; when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressure plate, which is close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves upwards and extrudes the cantilever beam piezoelectric module to generate voltage;
the stacked piezoelectric module is arranged below the pressure plate, and when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressure plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves downwards and extrudes the stacked piezoelectric module to generate voltage;
the stacked piezoelectric module is electrically connected with the cantilever beam piezoelectric module.
In one implementation mode, the box body comprises an upper box body and a lower box body, sealing grooves are formed in the upper box body and the lower box body, a plurality of rectangular grooves and a plurality of blind holes are formed in the elastic rubber block, the rectangular grooves are located on the left side of the elastic rubber block, and the blind holes are located at the bottom of the elastic rubber block; the rectangular groove is used for installing the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, and the blind hole is used for installing the stacking piezoelectric module.
In one implementation, the cantilever beam piezoelectric module includes: the piezoelectric device comprises an elastic piece, an upper piezoelectric piece arranged above the elastic piece and a lower piezoelectric piece arranged below the elastic piece, wherein a baffle is arranged on the left side of the elastic piece and is matched with a sliding groove in the upper box body;
the upper piezoelectric sheet and the lower piezoelectric sheet are electrically connected in series by adopting double layers, and the polarization directions are opposite.
In one implementation mode, a load balancing block is arranged in the elastic rubber block, and the load balancing block is arranged above the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and is used for balancing concentrated loads when a load action point is located above the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and protecting a piezoelectric sheet of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module;
the cantilever beam piezoelectric module is characterized in that a deformation limiting block is arranged in the elastic rubber block, the deformation limiting block is arranged at the bottom of the elastic rubber block and is arranged at the lower side of the pressing plate and used for limiting the maximum deformation of the pressing plate in the vertical direction and protecting the piezoelectric sheet of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module.
In one implementation, the stacked piezoelectric module includes: a lower cover; the disc spring is arranged in the lower cover; the T-shaped shaft rod is arranged on the disc spring; the first pulling pin, the first clamping ring, the first circular piezoelectric patch, the second pulling pin, the second clamping ring, the second circular piezoelectric patch, the third pulling pin, the third clamping ring and the third circular piezoelectric patch are sequentially arranged on the T-shaped shaft rod;
a first supporting piece is arranged between the first circular piezoelectric sheet and the second circular piezoelectric sheet, a second supporting piece is arranged between the second circular piezoelectric sheet and the third circular piezoelectric sheet, a third supporting piece is arranged between the third circular piezoelectric sheet and the head of the T-shaped shaft rod, and the third supporting piece is in lap joint with the edge of the lower cover;
when one end of the pressing plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves downwards and is opposite to the stacked piezoelectric module, the T-shaped shaft rod moves downwards and compresses the disc spring and drives the first clamping ring, the second clamping ring and the third clamping ring to respectively downwards extrude the central areas of the first circular piezoelectric patch, the second circular piezoelectric patch and the third circular piezoelectric patch, so that the first circular piezoelectric patch, the second circular piezoelectric patch and the third circular piezoelectric patch are deformed.
In one implementation, the head of the T-shaped shaft is connected to the disc spring.
In one implementation, the stacked piezoelectric module further comprises: the upper cover is connected with the lower cover and used for covering the T-shaped shaft rod, the first pull pin, the first clamping ring, the first circular piezoelectric patch, the second pull pin, the second clamping ring, the second circular piezoelectric patch, the third pull pin, the third clamping ring, the third circular piezoelectric patch, the first support piece, the second support piece and the third support piece, and the upper cover and the lower cover are fixedly connected through bolts; the upper cover is provided with a blind hole, and the blind hole is matched with the end part of the T-shaped shaft rod in an axle hole manner, so that the upper cover can conveniently transfer load to the T-shaped shaft rod; the thickness of the upper cover is smaller than that of the lower cover, so that the top surface of the lower cover is in contact with the bottom surface of the third clamping ring, and the lower cover supports the third clamping ring.
In one implementation, the first supporting member and the second supporting member are both circular rings, the third supporting member is concave, and the concave third supporting member is used for limiting the maximum displacement of the T-shaped shaft rod so as to prevent the disc spring from being compressed excessively and failing to recover.
In one implementation, the device further comprises a hard plastic plate, wherein the hard plastic plate is arranged below the elastic rubber block and used for being in hole-shaft fit with the outer surface of the stacked piezoelectric module, so that the overall weight of the lower box body is reduced.
The upper surface of the upper cover bolt of the stacked piezoelectric module is flush with the upper surface of the hard plastic plate.
In one implementation mode, all be provided with the wiring groove on lower box and the stereoplasm plastic slab, the wiring groove be used for with cantilever beam piezoelectric module with the electric wire that piles up piezoelectric module is followed the hole is drawn forth to the electric wire in the box, so that cantilever beam piezoelectric module with pile up piezoelectric module and predetermine the wireless sensing equipment in ground and be connected, realize the power supply function.
In one implementation, the wires in the wiring groove are connected with a piezoelectric energy collecting circuit, the piezoelectric energy collecting circuit comprises a rectifying circuit, a filtering circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a synchronous switch circuit, wherein,
the rectifying circuit comprises a rectifying bridge and a resistance-capacitance absorption circuit; the filter circuit is an LC filter circuit; the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a voltage follower consisting of a current limiting resistor and a triode; the synchronous switch circuit is a synchronous switch circuit which respectively uses two triodes as a voltage comparator and a voltage trigger switch.
The invention also provides an energy collecting method of the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface based on any one of the above schemes, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
when a vehicle passes through a road surface provided with the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface, an elastic rubber block in the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface is subjected to pressure to generate micro-deformation, so that a pressure plate arranged in the elastic rubber block rotates around a rotating shaft;
when the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressing plate, which is close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves upwards and presses the cantilever beam piezoelectric module to generate voltage;
when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressure plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves downwards and extrudes the stacked piezoelectric modules to generate voltage;
and alternating currents generated by the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module are rectified, filtered and stabilized to form stable direct currents, and the stable direct currents are controlled by a synchronous switch and supply power to wireless sensing equipment of the intelligent traffic information acquisition system.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention provides the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface, and therefore, the invention can generate voltage by simultaneously extruding the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module, can more effectively convert mechanical energy into electric energy, and can process the generated electric energy through the energy collecting circuit to be transmitted to the wireless sensor in the intelligent traffic information collecting systemThe device is powered and has higher energy collection efficiency due to the organic combination of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module. In addition, the stacked piezoelectric module disclosed by the invention is combined with the disc spring, and the disc spring has the advantages of small axial deformation and good vibration absorption performance, so that the stacked piezoelectric module can bear the large load of a vehicle; in addition, the use of the elastic rubber block, the deformation limiting block and the load balancing block is combined, so that the whole device can ensure the comfort and the safety of the vehicle running and the service life and the working strength of a road through micro-deformation. Meanwhile, the energy collecting circuit respectively uses two triodes as a synchronous switch circuit of a voltage comparator and a voltage trigger switch, can automatically detect the output voltage of the piezoelectric power generation device, then automatically controls the closing of the switch, and can ensure that the current can only pass through the road sensor when the voltage reaches a certain amplitude, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the work of the road sensor, when the triode T2 or T3 of the synchronous switch circuit is in a cut-off state, the synchronous switch is in a cut-off state, and the piezoelectric energy collecting circuit discharges by the energy storage capacitor Cr to continuously carry out discharge on an external load RLAnd continuously supplying power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper box of the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower box of the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic rubber block in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of a cantilever beam piezoelectric module in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a rigid plastic plate in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a specific application scenario of the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an exploded view of a stacked piezoelectric module in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a front sectional view of a stacked piezoelectric module in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of a piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit connected to a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection method applied to a road surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| box body | 100 | T- |
380 |
| |
200 | |
330 |
| |
300 | |
341 |
| |
10 | |
342 |
| Cantilever beam |
20 | |
343 |
| Stacked |
30 | |
351 |
| |
110 | |
352 |
| |
120 | |
353 |
| |
201 | First circular |
361 |
| |
202 | Second circular |
362 |
| |
203 | Third circular |
363 |
| |
204 | |
371 |
| |
210 | |
372 |
| Upper layer laminated |
220 | |
373 |
| Lower |
230 | Hard |
40 |
| |
101 | |
50 |
| |
310 | Electric wire leading-out |
501 |
| |
320 | |
502 |
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The road is used as the most main traffic facility, and plays an important role in promoting economic development and providing convenience for people in production and life. According to the research, the method comprises the following steps: the total road mileage at the end of 2019 in China is 501.25 kilometers, and the road density is 52.21 kilometers per hundred square kilometers. The highway mileage of four and above grades in the country at the end of 2019 is 469.87 ten thousand kilometers, and the highway lane mileage is 66.94 ten thousand kilometers. In 2019, each truck runs 190 kilometers per day on average in 9 months, the goods are transported by 12.0 tons, and the average transportation distance of the goods per ton is 177 kilometers. It can be seen that the amount of recyclable energy contained in the pavement is very large.
The number of distributed nodes of wireless sensors for roadway applications is large and are typically distributed over a large geographic area. Therefore, the traditional wired power supply mode cannot meet the power supply requirement of the wireless sensor in the intelligent traffic information acquisition system in the road surface application occasion. With the rapid development of low-power-consumption embedded technology, wireless communication technology, micro-electromechanical systems and novel sensing technology, sensors for intelligent road application are gradually developing towards miniaturization, wireless networking and intelligence, which also provides a good foundation for the application of pavement energy collection technology based on piezoelectric materials.
The roads bear the direct action of countless vehicles and pedestrians every day, and the mechanical energy of the action is usually reflected in the diseases of vibration, deformation, abrasion, cracking and the like of the road surface and is finally dissipated in the environment in the form of heat energy. At this time, if the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material can be utilized to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the waste energy is collected and used to power the sensing node of the traffic sensor, a self-powered piezoelectric traffic sensor system is formed, which has great advantages.
At present, the structures of the relatively mature piezoelectric energy collecting devices mainly include cymbals structures and cantilever beam structures. Because the comfort and the safety of the running of the vehicle are required to be ensured, and the service life and the working strength of the road are ensured, the piezoelectric energy collecting device for the road is required to meet the characteristics of large bearing load and small deformation, and the two structures are not good in energy collecting effect when being directly applied to the road surface. To this end, the present embodiment provides a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface, and specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface of the present embodiment includes a case 100, an elastic rubber block 200 disposed in the case 100, and a piezoelectric module 300 disposed in the elastic rubber block 200. The piezoelectric module 300 includes: a platen 10, a cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20, and a stacked piezoelectric module 30. In this embodiment, the pressing plate 10 is disposed in the elastic rubber block 200, and a rotating shaft is disposed on the pressing plate 10. Since the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface in the embodiment is disposed in the road surface, as shown in fig. 8, when the vehicle runs through the road surface embedded with the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface, the asphalt surface layer may press the elastic rubber block 200 under the action of the tire, that is, the elastic rubber block 200 is subjected to pressure, so that the elastic rubber block is slightly deformed. At this time, the pressing plate 10 rotates about the rotation axis. In the present embodiment, the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 is disposed on the left side of the rotating shaft and is located obliquely above the pressing plate 10; thus, when the pressing plate 10 rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressing plate 10 close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 moves upwards and presses the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20, and a voltage is generated by the quick pressing of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module. Meanwhile, in the present embodiment, the stacked piezoelectric module 30 is disposed below the pressing plate 10, when the pressing plate 10 rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressing plate 10, which is far away from the cantilever piezoelectric module 20, moves downward and presses the stacked piezoelectric module 30, and a voltage is generated by pressing the stacked piezoelectric module 30. Therefore, in the invention, the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 can be simultaneously extruded to generate voltage, so that mechanical energy can be more effectively converted into electric energy, and the generated electric energy can supply power to the wireless sensor in the intelligent traffic information acquisition system.
Specifically, the case 100 in the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface in the present embodiment includes an upper case 110 and a lower case 120, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the upper case 110 and the lower case 120 are assembled together by using a detachable connection structure, for example, a bolt connection structure is used to assemble and fix the upper case 110 and the lower case 120. In one implementation manner, as shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, a plurality of rectangular grooves 201 and a plurality of blind holes 202 are disposed in the elastic rubber block 200, the rectangular grooves 201 are located at the left side of the elastic rubber block 200, and the blind holes 202 are located at the bottom of the elastic rubber block 200; the rectangular slot 201 is used for mounting the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20, and the blind hole 202 is used for mounting the stacked piezoelectric module 30. Specifically, the rectangular groove 201 in this embodiment is disposed on the left side of the elastic rubber block 200, and since the pressing plate 10 can simultaneously press the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 when rotating, the pressing plate 10 is disposed on the right side of the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 and is biased downward, and the blind hole 202 is disposed on the bottom of the elastic rubber block 200, so that when the pressing plate 10 rotates, while moving upward, the upward moving side presses the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 by pressing the elastic rubber block 200, and while moving downward, the downward moving side presses the stacked piezoelectric module 30 by pressing the elastic rubber block 200.
In one implementation, the rectangular grooves 201 in this embodiment are arranged in a row, and each rectangular groove 201 is provided with the cantilever piezoelectric modules 20, and when the pressing plate 10 rotates, one side moving upward can press all the cantilever piezoelectric modules 20 at the same time. Similarly, the blind holes 202 in this embodiment may also be provided with a plurality of rows, each row is arranged in a row, each blind hole 202 is provided with the stacked piezoelectric modules 30, and when the pressing plate 10 rotates, one side moving downward can simultaneously press all the stacked piezoelectric modules 30. The number of cantilever beam piezoelectric modules 20 and the number of stacked piezoelectric modules 30 in this embodiment may be set according to the size of the whole device, and when the size of the whole device is large, a relatively large number of piezoelectric modules 300 (including the cantilever beam piezoelectric modules 20 and the stacked piezoelectric modules 30) may be provided.
In one implementation, the rotating shaft of the pressing plate 10 is disposed at the left side of the whole pressing plate 10 in the present embodiment, and the left side of the pressing plate 10 is shorter and the right side is longer. As shown in fig. 8, when a vehicle enters from the right side, the right side of the pressure plate 10 is loaded, and a large moment can be obtained by the pressure plate 10, so that the left side of the pressure plate 10 can move upwards to press the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20. In addition, a load balancing block 203 is arranged in the elastic rubber block 200 in this embodiment, and the load balancing block 203 is arranged above the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 to protect the piezoelectric sheets of the cantilever piezoelectric module 20; the elastic rubber block 200 is internally provided with a deformation limiting block 204, and the deformation limiting block 204 is arranged at the bottom of the elastic rubber block 200 and used for limiting the deformation of the pressing plate 10 in the vertical direction. The load balancing mass 203 in this embodiment can avoid the disadvantage that when the vehicle travels to the position above the cantilever piezoelectric module 20, the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 breaks due to the action of the concentrated load, and the like, and loses the working performance. The deformation limiting block 204 is arranged to limit the maximum deformation amount of the pressing plate 10 in the vertical direction, so that the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 can be prevented from working under the working conditions that the working performance is lost, such as fracture and the like. It can be seen that, the load balancing block 203 and the deformation limiting block 204 are arranged in this embodiment, which is beneficial to ensure that the stress of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stress of the stacked piezoelectric modules 30 are uniform and the safety and reliability of the whole micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface are ensured.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 in the present embodiment includes: the piezoelectric device comprises an elastic member 210, an upper piezoelectric layer 220 arranged above the elastic member 210, and a lower piezoelectric layer 230 arranged below the elastic member 210, wherein a baffle is arranged on the left side of the elastic member 210. In a specific installation, the elastic member 210, the upper piezoelectric sheet 220, and the lower piezoelectric sheet 230 are disposed in the rectangular groove 201 of the elastic rubber block 200, and the baffle is disposed on the left side of the elastic member 210. Since the elastic rubber block 200 is disposed inside the case 100, a sliding groove 101 is provided on an inner wall of the case 100, and particularly, the sliding groove 101 may be disposed on an inner wall of the upper case 110. As shown in fig. 8, in this embodiment, when the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 is disposed in the elastic rubber block 200, and then the elastic rubber module containing the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 is disposed in the lower box 120, and finally the upper box 110 is assembled with the lower box 120, the baffle is engaged with the sliding slot 101 on the upper box 110 (i.e., the baffle is engaged with the sliding slot 101), so as to implement the engagement relationship between the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 and the upper box 110. The embodiment is characterized in that the upper box body 110 is provided with a sliding groove 101 matched with the baffle, so that the installation is convenient. When a vehicle runs across a road surface embedded with the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface in the embodiment, the asphalt layer extrudes the elastic rubber block 200 to generate micro-deformation under the action of the tire, and the elastic rubber block 200 drives the pressing plate 10 to make fixed-axis rotation. The pressure plate 10 presses the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 upward, and due to the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, charges with opposite polarities are generated on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric sheet, so that a voltage is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric sheet. In addition, the upper layer piezoelectric sheet 220 and the lower layer piezoelectric sheet 230 of the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 in this embodiment are electrically connected in series in two layers, and the polarization directions are opposite, so that the total output voltage and the total output electric quantity in the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 are 2 times of those of a single-layer piezoelectric sheet.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, in the present embodiment, the stacked piezoelectric module 30 includes: the piezoelectric actuator comprises an upper cover 310, a lower cover 320, a disc spring 330, a first pulling pin 341, a second pulling pin 342, a third pulling pin 343, a first clamping ring 351, a second clamping ring 352, a third clamping ring 353, a first circular piezoelectric patch 361, a second circular piezoelectric patch 362, a third circular piezoelectric patch 363, a first support 371, a second support 372 and a third support 373. Specifically, the first pin 341, the second pin 342, and the third pin 343 are all used to fix corresponding clamping rings, the first clamping ring 351, the second clamping ring 352, and the third clamping ring 353 are all used to fix central areas of corresponding circular piezoelectric patches, and the first support 371, the second support 372, and the third support 373 are all used to fix outer boundaries of corresponding circular piezoelectric patches. Specifically, during installation, the first circular piezoelectric patch 361, the second circular piezoelectric patch 362 and the third circular piezoelectric patch 363 in this embodiment are arranged at intervals, a first supporting member 371 is arranged between the first circular piezoelectric patch 361 and the second circular piezoelectric patch 362, a second supporting member 372 is arranged between the second circular piezoelectric patch 362 and the third circular piezoelectric patch 363, a third supporting member 373 is arranged between the third circular piezoelectric patch 363 and the head of the T-shaped shaft 380, and the third supporting member 373 is overlapped with the edge of the lower cover 320. Since the first pulling pin 341, the second pulling pin 342, and the third pulling pin 343 are inserted into through holes provided in the T-shaped shaft 380, the first snap ring 351 is provided below the first pulling pin 341, and the first circular piezoelectric piece 361 is provided below the first snap ring 351. Similarly, the second snap ring 352 is disposed below the second pull pin 342, the second circular piezoelectric piece 362 is disposed below the second snap ring 352, the third snap ring 353 is disposed below the third pull pin 343, and the third circular piezoelectric piece 363 is disposed below the third snap ring 353.
Since the first pulling pin 341, the second pulling pin 342, and the third pulling pin 343 are fixed in the T-shaped shaft 380, the first support 371 is disposed between the first circular piezoelectric patch 361 and the second circular piezoelectric patch 362, the second support 372 is disposed between the second circular piezoelectric patch 362 and the third circular piezoelectric patch 363, the third support 373 is disposed between the third circular piezoelectric patch 363 and the head of the T-shaped shaft 380, and the third support overlaps the edge of the lower cover 320, that is, the third support 373 is fixed, so that the outer boundaries of the first circular piezoelectric patch 361, the second circular piezoelectric patch 362, and the third circular piezoelectric patch 363 are fixed.
When the vehicle drives across the road surface that has buried this pile of piezoelectric module 30 underground, the pitch layer can extrude elastic rubber piece 200 and take place small deformation under the tire effect, and the elastic rubber piece 200 that takes place small deformation can make T type axostylus axostyle 380 receive decurrent load to make the lower bottom surface downstream of T type axostylus axostyle 380 and make dish spring 330 take place the compression. When the T-shaped shaft 380 moves downward, since the first pulling pin 341, the second pulling pin 342, and the third pulling pin 343 are fixed in the T-shaped shaft 380, the central areas of the first circular piezoelectric patch 361, the second circular piezoelectric patch 362, and the third circular piezoelectric patch 363 are sequentially pressed downward by the first snap ring 351, the second snap ring 352, and the third snap ring 353 of the T-shaped shaft 380, and the outer boundaries of the first circular piezoelectric patch 361, the second circular piezoelectric patch 362, and the third circular piezoelectric patch 363 are fixed, so that when the first snap ring 351, the second snap ring 352, and the third snap ring 353 press the central areas of the first circular piezoelectric patch 361, the second circular piezoelectric patch 362, and the third circular piezoelectric patch 363 downward, respectively, the first circular piezoelectric patch 361, the second circular piezoelectric patch 362, and the third circular piezoelectric patch 363 are fixed, the first circular piezoelectric patch 361, the second circular piezoelectric patch 352, and the third snap ring 353 press the central areas of the first circular piezoelectric patch 361, the second circular piezoelectric patch 362, and the third circular piezoelectric, The second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 deform. Due to the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, the upper and lower surfaces of the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361, the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 generate charges with opposite polarities, so that voltages are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361, the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363. Because the disc spring 330 has the advantages of large axial load, small axial deformation and good shock absorption, the deformation of the first circular piezoelectric plate 361, the second circular piezoelectric plate 362 and the third circular piezoelectric plate 363 can be satisfied, and the phenomenon that the first circular piezoelectric plate 361, the second circular piezoelectric plate 362 and the third circular piezoelectric plate 363 break or lose working performance can be avoided. It is to be noted that the stacked piezoelectric module 30 in the present embodiment adopts a design of a cylindrical outer surface, so that the stacked piezoelectric module 30 is easy to mount, and the strength of the circular piezoelectric patches is greater than that of the rectangular piezoelectric patches.
In addition, in order to make the T-shaped shaft 380 and the disc spring 330 contact more stably, the head of the T-shaped shaft 380 in this embodiment is connected to the disc spring 330. Further, the stacked piezoelectric module 30 in the present embodiment further includes: an upper cover 310 connected to the lower cover 320 and used for covering the T-shaped shaft 380, the pull pin, the snap ring, the circular piezoelectric plate and the support, wherein the upper cover 310 is fastened to the lower cover 320 by bolts; the upper cover 310 is provided with the blind hole 202, the blind hole 202 is matched with the shaft hole at the end part of the T-shaped shaft rod 380, so that force transmission is facilitated, namely when a vehicle runs through a road surface embedded with the stacked piezoelectric module 30, the asphalt layer can extrude the elastic rubber block 200 to generate micro deformation under the action of a tire, and the elastic rubber block 200 generating micro deformation can transmit downward load to the T-shaped shaft rod 380 through the blind hole 202, so that the T-shaped shaft rod 380 moves downward and the disc spring 330 is compressed. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the first support 371 and the second support 372 are both circular rings, and the third support 373 is concave. The third support 373 is disposed at the lowest position and overlaps the edge of the lower cover 320, and the third support 373 is formed in an inward concave shape, so as to limit the maximum displacement of the T-shaped shaft 380 and prevent the disc spring 330 from being compressed too much and failing to recover.
The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface in the present embodiment further includes a hard plastic plate 40, as shown in fig. 7, the hard plastic plate 40 is disposed below the elastic rubber block 200, and is configured to be in hole-shaft fit with the outer surface of the stacked piezoelectric module 30, so that the overall weight of the lower case 120 is reduced. The upper cover 310 and the lower cover 320 of the stacked piezoelectric module 30 in this embodiment are fixed by bolts, and when the stacked piezoelectric module 30 is disposed, the upper surfaces of the bolts of the upper cover 310 of the stacked piezoelectric module 30 are flush with the upper surface of the hard plastic plate 40. Wiring grooves 50 are formed in the upper case 110 and the rigid plastic plate 40, and a wire leading-out hole 501 is formed in the lower case 120, wherein the wire leading-out hole 501 is used for leading out wires of the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 from the wiring grooves 50. The left side of the lower box body 120 is provided with a wiring groove 50, the upper surface of the hard plastic plate 40 is provided with the wiring groove 50, the rear side of the lower box body 120 is provided with a through hole for leading out an electric wire, the electric wire is led out from the box body 100, so that the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 are connected with a sensor preset in the ground, and power supply of a wireless sensor in a road surface is realized. In addition, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a sealing groove 502 is disposed on each of the upper case 110 and the lower case 120, and the sealing groove 502 is used for preventing water.
It should be noted that the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 and the piezoelectric materials (including the upper piezoelectric layer 220, the lower piezoelectric layer 230, the first circular piezoelectric layer 361, the second circular piezoelectric layer 362, and the third circular piezoelectric layer 363) adopted in the stacked piezoelectric module 30 in this embodiment are polymer piezoelectric composite materials, which have the advantages of high piezoelectric performance and high dielectric constant of PZT piezoelectric ceramic materials, and also have the characteristics of high strength and good flexibility of PVDF organic polymer materials, so that the cantilever piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module have good piezoelectric voltage constant and high thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient, and are very suitable for energy collection in a road environment. The upper case 110, the lower case 120, the upper cover 310, and the lower cover 320 are all rigid bodies that can be restored by micro-deformationA nature material; the elastic rubber block 200 is elastic rubber; the load balancer 203, the pressing plate 10, the deformation limiting block 204, and the stacked piezoelectric modules 30 (the T-shaped shaft 380, the first pulling pin 341, the second pulling pin 342, the third pulling pin 343, the first snap ring 351, the second snap ring 352, the third snap ring 353, the first support 371, the second support 372, and the third support 373) are all made of rigid metal, and the rigid plastic plate 40 is made of plastic. Further, the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface in the embodiment is used for supplying power to the wireless sensing device in the road surface, and the collected alternating current needs to be converted and processed by the piezoelectric energy collecting circuit in the wiring groove 50. Specifically, as shown in fig. 11, the Piezo in fig. 11 is the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface in this embodiment, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 are diode devices, Z1 is a zener diode device, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7 are common capacitor devices, and C7 is a common capacitor devicerThe super capacitor energy storage device comprises R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 which are resistance devicesLFor external loads, T1, T2, and T3 are triode devices, and L1 is an inductance device.
In one implementation, the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit in this embodiment includes a rectifying circuit, a filtering circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, and a synchronous switch circuit. The main working purpose of the piezoelectric energy collection system is to provide sufficient and stable power supply for the wireless sensing device and to achieve high energy collection efficiency.
Specifically, the rectifier circuit in this embodiment combines the application of the rectifier bridge and the rc absorption circuit, and can effectively suppress the transient oscillation of the overvoltage, so that the waveform of the overvoltage is slowed, the steepness and the amplitude are reduced, and in addition, the damping effect of the resistor is added, so that the high-frequency oscillation is quickly attenuated. Since the rectified ac is a pulsating dc, such a dc power supply cannot be used as a power supply for the road sensor directly because of a large ac ripple, and a filter circuit is required. Preferably, the filter circuit in this embodiment is an LC filter circuit, and this filter circuit combines the advantages of a capacitor filter circuit with small ripple and an inductor filter circuit with high load capacity. The filter circuit in this embodiment can greatly reduce the ac ripple component, and make the rectified voltage waveform smoother.
Furthermore, because the maximum breakdown current value of the zener diode is limited, the current output capability of the circuit is very poor, so a voltage follower composed of a current limiting resistor R5 and a triode T1 is added in the voltage stabilizing circuit, that is, the voltage stabilizing circuit in this embodiment includes a voltage follower composed of a current limiting resistor and a triode, and the output capability of current and power can be improved. In the embodiment, the synchronous switch circuit solves the problem that a circuit switch is controlled by an external power supply in the traditional switch circuit and the problem that the on-off frequency of the traditional switch circuit cannot be kept consistent with external vibration at any time, and improves the collection efficiency of the energy collection circuit. Specifically, in this embodiment, the two triodes T2 and T3 are used as the synchronous switch circuit of the voltage comparator and the voltage trigger switch, so that the output voltage of the piezoelectric energy collecting device can be automatically detected, then the closing of the switch is automatically controlled, the synchronous switch is turned on when the voltage of the piezoelectric energy collecting device reaches a certain large amplitude, and the load R is loadedLOnly current passes through, thus ensuring the load RLStability and reliability of operation. When the triode T2 or T3 of the synchronous switch circuit is in a cut-off state, the synchronous switch is in a cut-off state, and the piezoelectric energy collecting circuit discharges from the energy storage capacitor Cr to continue to supply the external load RLAnd continuously supplying power.
Further, the present invention also provides an energy collecting method of a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to a road surface, the method being applied to the piezoelectric energy collecting device, specifically as shown in fig. 12, and the method including:
step S100, when a vehicle passes through a road surface provided with a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface, an elastic rubber block in the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface is subjected to pressure to generate micro-deformation, so that a pressing plate arranged in the elastic rubber block rotates around a rotating shaft;
step S200, when the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressing plate close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module moves upwards and extrudes the cantilever beam piezoelectric module to generate voltage;
step S300, when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressure plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves downwards and extrudes the stacked piezoelectric modules to generate voltage;
and S400, rectifying, filtering and stabilizing alternating current generated by the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module into stable direct current, controlling by a synchronous switch, and supplying power to wireless sensing equipment applied to the road surface.
The specific application of the piezoelectric energy harvesting method in this embodiment has been described in the above embodiment, and will not be described herein again.
In summary, the invention discloses a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device and a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting method applied to a road surface, wherein the device comprises a box body, an elastic rubber block arranged in the box body, and a piezoelectric module arranged in the elastic rubber block; the piezoelectric module comprises a pressing plate, a cantilever beam piezoelectric module and a stacking piezoelectric module. The pressing plate is arranged in the elastic rubber block, a rotating shaft is arranged on the pressing plate, and when the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressing plate, which is close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, extrudes the cantilever beam piezoelectric module to generate voltage; one end of the pressure plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, presses the stacked piezoelectric module to generate voltage. According to the invention, voltage can be generated by simultaneously extruding the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module, mechanical energy can be more effectively converted into electric energy, the generated electric energy can be processed by the energy collecting circuit to supply power to wireless sensing equipment in the intelligent traffic information collecting system, and the energy collecting efficiency is higher. The stacked piezoelectric module is combined with the disc spring, and the disc spring has the advantages of small axial deformation and good vibration absorption performance, so that the stacked piezoelectric module can bear the large load of a vehicle; in addition, the invention combines the use of the elastic rubber block, the deformation limiting block and the load balancing block, so that the whole device can ensure the comfort and the safety of the vehicle running and the service life and the working strength of the road through micro-deformation.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface is characterized by comprising a box body, an elastic rubber block arranged in the box body, and a piezoelectric module arranged in the elastic rubber block; the piezoelectric module includes:
the pressing plate is arranged in the elastic rubber block, a rotating shaft is arranged on the pressing plate, and when the elastic rubber block is pressed, the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft;
the cantilever beam piezoelectric module is arranged on the left side of the rotating shaft and is positioned above the pressing plate in an inclined mode; when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressure plate, which is close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves upwards and extrudes the cantilever beam piezoelectric module to generate voltage;
the stacked piezoelectric module is arranged below the pressure plate, and when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressure plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves downwards and extrudes the stacked piezoelectric module to generate voltage;
the stacked piezoelectric module is electrically connected with the cantilever beam piezoelectric module.
2. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the box body comprises an upper box body and a lower box body, the upper box body and the lower box body are provided with sealing grooves, the elastic rubber block is provided with a plurality of rectangular grooves and a plurality of blind holes, the rectangular grooves are located on the left side of the elastic rubber block, and the blind holes are located at the bottom of the elastic rubber block; the rectangular groove is used for installing the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, and the blind hole is used for installing the stacking piezoelectric module.
3. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface of claim 2, wherein the cantilever beam piezoelectric module comprises: the piezoelectric device comprises an elastic piece, an upper piezoelectric piece arranged above the elastic piece and a lower piezoelectric piece arranged below the elastic piece, wherein a baffle is arranged on the left side of the elastic piece and is matched with a sliding groove in the upper box body;
the upper piezoelectric sheet and the lower piezoelectric sheet are electrically connected in series by adopting double layers, and the polarization directions are opposite.
4. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein a load balancing mass is arranged in the elastic rubber mass, and the load balancing mass is arranged above the cantilever beam piezoelectric module;
the elastic rubber block is internally provided with a deformation limiting block, and the deformation limiting block is arranged at the bottom of the elastic rubber block.
5. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface of claim 2, wherein the stacked piezoelectric module comprises: a lower cover; the disc spring is arranged in the lower cover; the T-shaped shaft rod is arranged on the disc spring; the first pulling pin, the first clamping ring, the first circular piezoelectric patch, the second pulling pin, the second clamping ring, the second circular piezoelectric patch, the third pulling pin, the third clamping ring and the third circular piezoelectric patch are sequentially arranged on the T-shaped shaft rod;
a first supporting piece is arranged between the first circular piezoelectric sheet and the second circular piezoelectric sheet, a second supporting piece is arranged between the second circular piezoelectric sheet and the third circular piezoelectric sheet, a third supporting piece is arranged between the third circular piezoelectric sheet and the head of the T-shaped shaft rod, and the third supporting piece is in lap joint with the edge of the lower cover;
when one end of the pressing plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves downwards and extrudes the stacked piezoelectric modules, the T-shaped shaft rod moves downwards and compresses the disc spring and drives the first clamping ring, the second clamping ring and the third clamping ring to respectively extrude the central regions of the first circular piezoelectric patch, the second circular piezoelectric patch and the third circular piezoelectric patch downwards, so that the first circular piezoelectric patch, the second circular piezoelectric patch and the third circular piezoelectric patch are deformed.
6. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface according to claim 5, wherein the head of the T-shaped shaft is connected with the disc spring; the first supporting piece and the second supporting piece are both arranged to be circular rings, and the third supporting piece is arranged to be concave.
7. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface of claim 5, wherein the stacked piezoelectric module further comprises: the upper cover is connected with the lower cover and used for covering the T-shaped shaft rod, the first pull pin, the first clamping ring, the first circular piezoelectric patch, the second pull pin, the second clamping ring, the second circular piezoelectric patch, the third pull pin, the third clamping ring, the third circular piezoelectric patch, the first support piece, the second support piece and the third support piece, and the upper cover and the lower cover are fixedly connected through bolts; the upper cover is provided with a blind hole, and the blind hole is matched with the end part of the T-shaped shaft rod in a shaft hole manner; the thickness of the upper cover is smaller than that of the lower cover.
8. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device for road surface application according to claim 5, further comprising a rigid plastic plate disposed below the elastic rubber block for hole-shaft engagement with the outer surface of the stacked piezoelectric modules; the upper surface of an upper cover bolt of the stacked piezoelectric module is flush with the upper surface of the hard plastic plate;
the lower box body and the hard plastic plate are provided with wiring grooves, and the wiring grooves are used for leading out the cantilever beam piezoelectric modules and the electric wires of the stacked piezoelectric modules from the electric wire leading-out holes in the lower box body, so that the cantilever beam piezoelectric modules are connected with the stacked piezoelectric modules and wireless sensing equipment preset in the ground.
9. The micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device for road surface according to claim 8, wherein the wires in the wiring groove are connected to a piezoelectric energy collecting circuit comprising a rectifying circuit, a filtering circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a synchronous switching circuit,
the rectifying circuit comprises a rectifying bridge and a resistance-capacitance absorption circuit; the filter circuit is an LC filter circuit; the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a voltage follower consisting of a current limiting resistor and a triode; the synchronous switch circuit is a synchronous switch circuit which respectively uses two triodes as a voltage comparator and a voltage trigger switch.
10. An energy collecting method based on the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface of any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
when a vehicle passes through a road surface provided with the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface, an elastic rubber block in the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface is subjected to pressure to generate micro-deformation, so that a pressure plate arranged in the elastic rubber block rotates around a rotating shaft;
when the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressing plate, which is close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves upwards and presses the cantilever beam piezoelectric module to generate voltage;
when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressure plate, which is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, moves downwards and presses the stacked piezoelectric modules to generate voltage;
and alternating currents generated by the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module are rectified, filtered and stabilized to form stable direct currents, and the stable direct currents are controlled by a synchronous switch and supply power to wireless sensing equipment of the intelligent traffic information acquisition system.
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| CN202010904056.5A CN112072957B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device and method applied to road surface |
| PCT/CN2020/116958 WO2022047850A1 (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-23 | Micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection apparatus and collection method applied to pavement |
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| CN202010904056.5A CN112072957B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device and method applied to road surface |
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