CN112072925A - Multi-mode switching power supply and control method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-mode switching power supply and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-mode switching power supply and a control method thereof. The system comprises an MCU main control unit, a main circuit unit, a novel transformer unit, a state detection unit, a bus control protection unit, a selective output filtering unit and a power supply and display control unit; the bus control protection unit is connected with the bus and the main circuit unit at the same time; the MCU main control unit is connected with the power supply and display control unit, the main circuit unit, the bus control protection unit, the selective output filtering unit and the state detection unit; the state detection unit is connected with the bus control protection unit, the main circuit unit and the selective output filtering unit; the novel transformer unit is connected with the main circuit unit and the selective output filtering unit. The invention not only solves the problem of transformer framework restriction, optimizes the control circuit and the control method, and enables the flyback switching power supply and the forward switching power supply to be in one switching power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of switching power supplies, in particular to a multi-mode switching power supply and a control method thereof.
Background
With the development of power electronic technology, power modules are widely applied in various fields, and a switching power supply gradually replaces a linear power supply and becomes a mainstream power supply. The power switch tube of the switch power supply performs on and off actions under the action of PWM (pulse width modulation), chops the bus voltage into pulse voltage, and drives a control circuit to control the duty ratio of the PWM to ensure the stability of the voltage. In a medium-low power DC-DC switching power supply, the most common circuit topologies are a flyback switching power supply and a forward switching power supply. Due to the restriction of a transformer framework, different control circuits and different control methods, a flyback switching power supply and a forward switching power supply are separately applied, and which one needs to be developed is required, so that the research and development efficiency is greatly reduced, and the research and development time and cost are increased. In order to change the current situation, the invention designs a multi-mode switching power supply and a control method thereof, which not only solve the problem of transformer framework restriction, optimize a control circuit and a control method, enable a flyback switching power supply and a forward switching power supply to be in one switching power supply, but also integrate an advanced switching power supply control method, realize the application of different control methods in different occasions and enable the efficiency of the switching power supply to reach the highest. Greatly reducing the research and development cost and reducing the research and development time and cost. The practicability of the switching power supply is improved.
In the medium and small power DC-DC switching power supply, the most common circuit topologies are the flyback switching power supply and the forward switching power supply. Due to the restriction of a transformer framework, different control circuits and different control methods, the flyback switching power supply and the forward switching power supply are applied separately, and which needs to be developed. Therefore, the research and development efficiency is greatly reduced, and the research and development time and cost are increased. The switching power supply modules existing in the market are also classified according to the power size, performance requirements and functional requirements, a relatively integrated switching power supply is not available, the existing power supply is fixed and unchangeable, the use mode cannot be changed according to the change of an application occasion, once a switching power supply is selected, the switching power supply can only be used according to the design performance, and therefore the working efficiency of the switching power supply is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multi-mode switching power supply and a control method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a multi-mode switching power supply comprises an MCU main control unit, a main circuit unit, a novel transformer unit, a state detection unit, a bus control protection unit, a selective output filtering unit and a power supply and display control unit;
the MCU main control unit is connected with the main circuit unit, the state detection unit, the bus control protection unit, the selective output filtering unit and the power supply and display control unit, and is used for controlling the main circuit unit to control the novel transformer unit according to feedback data of the state detection unit, controlling the bus control protection unit to select a bus voltage and current circulation mode, controlling the selective output filtering unit to select an output channel, and setting parameters according to an external regulation mode input by the power supply and display control unit;
the main circuit unit is connected with the MCU main control unit, the novel transformer unit, the state detection unit and the bus control protection unit and is used for carrying out mode selection and time sequence control on two groups of primary coils of the novel transformer unit under the control of the MCU main control unit, and carrying out mode selection, time sequence control and performance adjustment on two or more groups of secondary coils;
the state monitoring unit is connected with the MCU main control unit, the main circuit unit, the bus control protection unit and the selective output filtering unit and is used for detecting load current, load voltage, switching tube state and switching state in the main circuit unit, the bus control protection unit and the selective output filtering unit under the control of the MCU main control unit;
the input end of the bus control protection unit is connected with a bus, the output end of the bus control protection unit is connected with the main circuit unit and is also connected with the MCU main control unit, and the bus control protection unit is used for selecting a bus voltage and current circulation mode under the control of the MCU main control unit;
the novel transformer unit is connected with the main circuit unit and the selective output filtering unit, is used for storing and converting energy under the control of the main circuit unit, and outputs voltage and current through the selective output filtering unit;
the selective output filtering unit is connected with the state monitoring unit and the novel transformer unit and is used for rectifying the pulsating current and the voltage output by the novel transformer unit into smooth direct current, and selecting an output path under the control of the MCU main control unit and outputting the output path to a load;
the power supply and display control unit is connected with the MCU main control unit and used for supplying power to the MCU main control unit and displaying the monitoring value of the state monitoring unit, and the power supply and display control unit is provided with a human-computer interaction device and used for inputting an external adjusting mode.
The novel transformer unit comprises a transformer framework and a transformer.
The transformer framework is of a three-layer winding structure, adjacent layers are connected in an inserted mode, the outer layer is wound with a primary coil of the forward switching power supply, the middle layer is wound with a secondary coil of the forward switching power supply and a secondary coil of the flyback switching power supply, and the inner layer is wound with a primary coil of the flyback switching power supply.
The transformer comprises two primary coils and a plurality of secondary coils, wherein the two primary coils are a primary coil of a forward switching power supply and a primary coil of a flyback switching power supply.
The main circuit unit comprises a first chopping power MOS tube, a second chopping power MOS tube, a third chopping power MOS tube, a first control switch, a sixth control switch, a first diode, a fifth diode, a second freewheeling diode, a third freewheeling diode, a fourth freewheeling diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a first capacitor; the grid electrodes of the first chopping power MOS tube, the second chopping power MOS tube and the third chopping power MOS tube are all connected with the MCU main control unit, the drain electrode of the first chopping power MOS tube is connected with one output of the bus control protection unit and the cathode of the second freewheeling diode, the cathode of the second freewheeling diode is connected with the drain electrode of the second chopping power MOS tube, the source electrode of the second chopping power MOS tube is connected with one end of a first resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected with the negative electrode of a bus, the anode of the third freewheeling diode is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the cathode of the third freewheeling diode is connected with the source electrode of the first chopping power MOS tube, the cathode of the third freewheeling diode is also connected with the cathode of a first diode, the anode of the first diode is connected with one end of a primary side coil of the forward switching power supply, and the other end of the primary side coil of the forward switching power supply is connected with the drain electrode of the second chopping power MOS tube, the first diode is connected in parallel with the first control switch;
the first capacitor is connected with the second resistor in parallel, one end of the first capacitor is connected with one path of output of the bus control protection unit and one end of a primary coil of the flyback switching power supply, the other end of the first capacitor connected with the second resistor in parallel is connected with a negative electrode of the fourth freewheeling diode, an anode of the fourth freewheeling diode is connected with a drain electrode of the third chopping power MOS tube, a grid electrode of the third chopping power MOS tube is connected with the MCU main control unit, a source electrode of the third chopping power MOS tube is connected with one end of the third resistor, the other end of the third resistor is connected with a negative electrode of the bus, a drain electrode of the third chopping power MOS tube is connected with an anode of the fifth diode, a cathode of the fifth diode is connected with the other end of the primary coil of the flyback switching power supply, and the fifth diode is connected with the sixth control switch in parallel.
The bus control protection unit comprises a twelfth diode, an eleventh diode, a seventh control switch, an eighth control switch, a third current sensor, a fourth current sensor and a third voltage sensor; one end of the third current sensor is connected with the bus, the other end of the third current sensor is connected with the third voltage sensor, the other end of the third voltage sensor is connected with two parallel circuits, one of the parallel circuits is of a series structure of the fourth current sensor and the twelfth pole tube, the other parallel circuit is of a seventh control switch, and the other end of the parallel circuit is a first output end; one path of the other parallel circuit is an eleventh diode, the other path of the other parallel circuit is an eighth control switch, and the other end of the parallel circuit is a second output end.
The selective output filtering unit comprises a sixth rectifying diode, a seventh rectifying diode, an eighth rectifying diode, a ninth rectifying diode, a first energy storage inductor, a second energy storage inductor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a second switch controller, a third switch controller, a fourth switch controller, a fifth switch controller, a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a first voltage sensor and a second voltage sensor; the positive electrode of the sixth rectifying diode is connected with one end of a secondary coil of the forward switching power supply, the negative electrode of the sixth rectifying diode is connected with one end of the first energy storage inductor, the other end of the first energy storage inductor is connected with a parallel circuit, one path of the parallel circuit is a series structure of a first current sensor and a second capacitor, the other path of the parallel circuit is a series structure of a first voltage sensor and a fourth resistor, the other end of the parallel circuit is connected with a ground wire, the first energy storage inductor is connected with the second switching controller in parallel, a series circuit of a third switching controller and a seventh rectifying diode is further connected between the negative electrode of the sixth rectifying diode and the ground wire, and the other end of the secondary coil of the forward switching power supply is connected with the ground wire;
the positive pole of eighth rectifier diode is connected the one end of flyback switching power supply's secondary winding, eighth rectifier diode's negative pole is connected the one end of second energy storage inductance, a parallel circuit is connected to the other end of second energy storage inductance, be the series connection structure of second current sensor and third electric capacity in the parallel circuit all the way, another way does the series connection structure of second voltage sensor and fifth resistance, ground wire is connected to parallel circuit's the other end, second energy storage inductance is parallelly connected fourth controller, still be connected with fifth switch controller and ninth rectifier diode's series circuit between eighth rectifier diode's negative pole and the ground wire, the ground wire is connected to the other end of flyback switching power supply's secondary winding.
A method of controlling a multi-mode switching power supply, comprising the steps of:
acquiring the working mode of the switching power supply through a power supply and display control module;
when the working mode is a manual mode, the MCU main control unit selects a primary coil of the forward switching power supply, turns on the second control switch, the fourth control switch, the sixth control switch and the eighth control switch, and turns off the first control switch, the third control switch, the fifth control switch and the seventh control switch;
starting a power supply, and detecting the measurement values of a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a third circuit sensor, a fourth current sensor, a first voltage sensor, a second voltage sensor and a third voltage sensor and the on-off state signal of each control switch through a state detection unit;
determining output power and input power of each path according to the measured values;
if the output power of the secondary coil of the forward switching power supply and the output power of the secondary coil of the flyback switching power supply are both larger than 100W, or the sum of the two output powers is larger than 100W and each output power is ensured to be larger than 1W, selecting the primary coil of the forward switching power supply to operate: if multi-path power output is needed, the second control switch, the fourth control switch, the sixth control switch and the eighth control switch are turned on, and the first control switch, the third control switch, the fifth control switch and the seventh control switch are turned off; if the single-path power output is needed, controlling the on-off state of the control switch of the corresponding path;
otherwise, selecting the primary coil of the flyback switching power supply to operate: if multi-path power output is needed, closing the second control switch, the fourth control switch, the sixth control switch and the eighth control switch, and opening the first control switch, the third control switch, the fifth control switch and the seventh control switch; if the single-path power output is needed, controlling the on-off state of the control switch of the corresponding path;
detecting relevant state information by a state detection unit: the control circuit comprises a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a third circuit sensor, a fourth current sensor, a first voltage sensor, a second voltage sensor and a third voltage sensor, wherein the first current sensor, the second current sensor, the third circuit sensor, the fourth current sensor, the first voltage sensor, the second voltage sensor and the third voltage sensor are used for measuring values and on-off state signals of each control switch;
and the MCU main control unit controls the switching power supply to work according to the state information.
When the working mode is a manual mode, acquiring the number of load paths, and determining the load power according to a load design index; if the sum of the load power is less than 100W, selecting a primary coil of the flyback switching power supply; if the sum of the load power is more than 100W, selecting a primary coil of the forward switching power supply;
the power supply and display control module sends an action instruction for controlling the switch to the MCU main control unit, and the MCU main control unit controls the on-off state of the control switch according to the action instruction;
the state detection unit detects the on-off state of each control switch and feeds the on-off state back to the MCU main control unit, and the power supply and reality control module displays the detection result;
if the on-off state of each control switch is correct, the switching power supply is started manually;
the state detection unit detects the voltage and current values of the bus control protection unit, the main circuit unit and the selective output filtering unit, displays the voltage and current values and is used for manual control judgment.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention not only solves the problem of transformer framework restriction, optimizes the control circuit and the control method, enables the flyback switching power supply and the forward switching power supply to be arranged in one switching power supply, integrates the advanced switching power supply control method, realizes the application of different control methods in different occasions, enables the efficiency of the switching power supply to reach the highest, greatly reduces the research and development cost, reduces the research and development time and cost, and improves the practicability of the switching power supply.
2. The invention adds the MCU main control unit, and performs mode selection and time sequence control on the two groups of coils at the primary side in the main circuit unit, and simultaneously performs mode selection and control and performance regulation on the two or more groups of coils at the secondary side by adopting the feedback data of the state detection unit, thereby improving the stability of the output voltage of the whole power supply circuit and ensuring the highest efficiency of the power supply.
3. The invention adopts a novel transformer structure, ensures that the wire of each layer can be wound according to requirements, has convenient operation, is simple and reliable, reduces electromagnetic interference and is beneficial to integration of various power supply modes.
4. The invention adopts a plurality of control switches and diodes, plays a role in protecting a circuit, is beneficial to mode selection, reduces electromagnetic interference and improves the reliability of the switching power supply.
5. The invention adds a state detection unit, realizes the real-time monitoring of the voltage, the current and the switch state of the load end, is beneficial to the high-performance work of the switch power supply, and improves the safety and the reliability of the switch power supply
6. The invention adopts an automatic control mode and a manual control mode, and improves the applicability of the switching power supply. The power supply is favorable for being suitable for different load states.
7. The invention adopts a forward and backward excitation switch power supply integrated structure, simplifies a control circuit, increases a control mode, designs a novel transformer structure and ensures the high-efficiency and stable work of the switch power supply.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a switching power supply control circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the novel transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the novel transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a multi-mode switching power supply and a control method thereof includes a multi-mode switching power supply, which includes an MCU main control unit, a main circuit unit, a novel transformer unit, a state detection unit, a bus control protection unit, a selective output filtering unit, and a power supply and display control unit. Wherein Vin of the bus control protection unit is connected with the bus and simultaneously connected with Vin1 and Vin2 of the main circuit unit; the MCU main control unit is connected with the power supply and display control unit, is also connected with Q1, Q2, Q3, K1 and K6 of the main circuit unit, is connected with K7 and K8 of the bus control protection unit, is connected with K2, K3, K4 and K5 of the selective output filtering unit, and is connected with the state detection unit; the state detection unit is connected with the bus control protection unit, the main circuit unit and the selective output filtering unit; the novel transformer unit is connected with the main circuit unit and the selective output filtering unit.
The main circuit unit is used as a novel transformer switch circuit, not only can the chopping effect on a bus voltage switch be achieved, but also different control modes can be selected under the cooperation of the MCU main control unit, and according to different control methods and different application occasions, the working states of the primary coil under different working modes are selected, so that the efficiency of the switch power supply is improved, the switch power supply can work more stably, and the overall performance of the switch power supply is improved. The main circuit unit includes a first capacitance C1; a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a third resistor R3; a second freewheeling diode D2, a third freewheeling diode D3, a fourth freewheeling diode D4, a first diode D1, a fifth diode D5; a first control switch K1, a sixth control switch K6; the chopper power MOS tube comprises a first chopper power MOS tube Q1, a second chopper power MOS tube Q2 and a third chopper power MOS tube Q3; the gate (grid) of the mos tube Q1 is connected with the MCU master control, the drain of the mos tube Q1 is connected with Vin1 and is also connected with the cathode of a freewheeling diode D2, the source of the mos tube Q1 is connected with one end of a control switch K1 and is also connected with the cathode of a diode D1, and the other end of the control switch K1 is connected with the anode of the diode D1 and is also connected with the novel transformer unit; the anode of the freewheeling diode D2 is connected with the drain of the mos tube Q2, the source of the mos tube Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R1, and the gate of the mos tube Q2 is connected with the MCU main control unit; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the fly-wheel diode D3 and is also connected with DC-; one end of a resistor R2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1 and is also connected with Vin2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the other end of a capacitor C1 and is also connected with the cathode of a freewheeling diode D4, the anode of a freewheeling diode D4 is connected with the drain of a mos tube Q3, the source of the mos tube Q3 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with DC-, the drain of the mos tube Q3 is connected with one end of a control switch K6 and is also connected with the anode of a diode D5, and the other end of the control switch K6 is connected with the cathode of a diode D5; the unit is composed of two primary side coil control circuits, not only can a chopping effect on a bus voltage switch be achieved, but also different control modes can be selected under the cooperation of the MCU main control unit, and according to different control methods and different application occasions, the working states of the primary side coils in different working modes can be selected, so that the efficiency of the switching power supply is improved, the switching power supply can work more stably, and the overall performance of the switching power supply is improved.
The MCU main control unit mainly selects and controls the mode and the time sequence of two groups of coils at the primary side of the main circuit unit and selects, controls and adjusts the performance of two or more groups of coils at the secondary side by adopting feedback data of the state detection unit. The MCU main control unit comprises circuits such as a main control chip, and in one embodiment of the invention, ARM or FPGA and the like are used as the main control chip. The MCU main control unit is connected with gate poles of chopper mos tubes Q1, Q2 and Q3 of the main circuit unit, K1 and K6, K7 and K8 of the bus control protection unit, K2, K3, K4 and K5 of the selective output filter unit, and is connected with the state detection unit, mainly through the feedback data of the state detection unit, the mode selection and the time sequence control are carried out on two groups of coils at the primary side in the main circuit unit, and the mode selection and the control and the performance regulation are carried out on two groups or multiple groups of coils at the secondary side; the utility model has the advantages of guaranteed that when the load is different, select different primary sides or vice limit to work, guarantee that output current is reliable stable, satisfy the requirement of load, main circuit unit is as transformer switch circuit and mode selection route, not only can play a role to bus voltage switch chopping, simultaneously, can be under MCU main control unit's cooperation, select different control mode, and the order of switching on, improve switching power supply's efficiency, the problem of different modes of different loads has been solved, the effectual combination of flyback switching power supply and just swash formula switching power supply is in the same place, make switching power supply more stable work, switching power supply's wholeness can be improved.
The novel transformer module mainly carries out energy storage and conversion of energy to whole switching power supply, and the multilayer suit that the transformer adopted on structural design simultaneously, the novel mode of grafting, the wire winding is convenient, guarantees that the line of every layer can all twine as required, and the wire winding is accomplished, installs the position that corresponds to each layer of skeleton, and has guaranteed that the interference is minimum, and the installation is simple, can wind the multilayer, integrated multiunit coil. The novel transformer unit mainly comprises a novel transformer framework and a transformer T, wherein the transformer T comprises two primary windings 1 and 2, wherein 1 is the primary winding of a forward switching power supply, 2 is the primary winding of a flyback switching power supply, and two secondary windings 3 and 4 are arranged. The structure of the novel transformer is shown in the cross section of the novel transformer in fig. 2, the flyback primary coil, the forward primary coil and the secondary coil are in layered layout, and meanwhile, as seen from the side view of the novel transformer in fig. 3, the transformer framework is divided into a layer A, a layer B and a layer C which are wire-wound layers, the flyback primary coil is on the layer A of the transformer, the forward primary coil is on the layer C of the transformer, and the secondary coil is on the layer B of the transformer. As can be seen from fig. 1,2, and 3, the flyback primary coil and the forward primary coil are on one side of the appearing end of the winding, and the outlet end of the secondary coil is on the other side. The structure of vary voltage has changed, and every skeleton can only have the one deck wire winding before having changed, has now become 3 layers of wire windings, and for the wire winding convenience, adopted the plug-in connection simultaneously, guaranteed that the line of every layer all can twine as required, and the wire winding is accomplished, installs the position that corresponds to every layer of skeleton. The anti-interference capability is improved, and the mutual influence of the primary coils is reduced.
In the novel transformer unit, 11 pins of the primary coil 1 are connected with the anode of a diode D1 and connected with one end of a K1, and 12 pins are connected with the anode of a diode D2 and connected with the drain of a mos tube Q2; a 21 pin of the primary coil 2 is connected with one end of a resistor R2, is also connected with one end of a capacitor C1 and is also connected with Vin2, and a 12 pin is connected with the cathode of a diode D5 and is also connected with a control switch K6; a pin 31 of the secondary coil 3 is connected with an anode of the diode D6, a pin 32 is connected with an anode of the diode D7, GND, one end of the resistor R4 and one end of the capacitor C2; a pin 41 of the secondary coil 4 is connected with an anode of a diode D8, a pin 42 is connected with an anode of a diode D9, GND, one end of a resistor R5 and one end of a capacitor C3; the unit is mainly used for storing and converting energy of the whole switching power supply, and meanwhile, the transformer provides favorable structural support for the combination of double power supplies of a flyback switching power supply and a forward switching power supply in structural design, so that the actual requirement of control is met, and the service life and the control performance of the transformer are ensured;
the bus control protection unit is mainly used for selecting a bus voltage and current circulation mode, and is matched with the MCU main control unit and the main circuit unit, so that the interference of the whole switching power supply is minimum, and the mode is selected more safely. The bus control power supply comprises a twelfth diode D10 and an eleventh diode D11; a seventh control switch K7, an eighth control switch K8; a third current sensor I3, a fourth current sensor I4; and a third voltage sensor V3. Vin is connected with anodes of diodes D10 and D11, and is also connected with one ends of control switches K7 and K8, the other end of the control switch K7 is connected with a cathode of a diode D10, and is also connected with Vin1, the other end of the control switch K8 is connected with a cathode of a diode D11, and is also connected with Vin2, a current sensor I3 measures the current of a bus, a voltage sensor V3 measures the voltage of the bus, and a power sensor I4 measures the current of a branch bus Vin1, and the unit is mainly used for selecting the voltage and current flowing mode of the bus, and is matched with an MCU main control unit and a main circuit unit, so that the interference of the whole switch power supply is minimized, the mode is more safely selected, and the bus and the other mode are protected, and the performance is prevented from being influenced by electromagnetic interference.
The state detection unit is mainly used for detecting the change states of load current and voltage, and the states of a switch tube and a switch in a circuit, the unit ensures that the mode selection of the switching power supply is normally carried out, ensures that the output power of the power supply can meet the requirement of a load, ensures the stability of the switching power supply, and maximizes the efficiency. The state detection unit is mainly used for detecting the current and voltage change states of the load and the states of the switch tube and the switch in the circuit, the unit ensures that the mode selection of the power supply is normally carried out, simultaneously ensures that the output power of the power supply can meet the requirements of the load, ensures the stability of the power supply, and maximizes the efficiency.
The selective output filtering unit is used for rectifying the pulsating current into smooth direct current to be output by a load, and simultaneously, according to the control of the MCU main control unit, a plurality of paths of direct current are selected as outputs to be provided for the load for use. The selective output filtering unit comprises a sixth rectifying diode D6, a seventh rectifying diode D7, an eighth rectifying diode D8 and a ninth rectifying diode D9; a first energy storage inductor L1 and a second energy storage inductor L2; a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth resistor R5; a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3; a second switch controller K2, a third switch controller K3, a fourth switch controller K4, a fifth switch controller K5; a first current sensor I1, a second current sensor I2; a first voltage sensor V1, a second voltage sensor V2;
the power supply and display control unit integrates a power supply battery and a display control screen, mainly supplies power for the MCU main control unit, simultaneously displays each state value, and can also manually adjust the mode according to the state. The switching power supply not only has a manual regulation function, but also has an automatic regulation function. The anode of the freewheeling diode D6 is connected with the novel transformer unit, the cathode is connected with one end of the inductor L1, and is simultaneously connected with one end of the control switch K2 and one end of the control switch K3; the other end of the cathode is connected with the inductor L1, the other end of the cathode is connected with the other end of the control switch K2, and the other end of the cathode is connected with one end of a resistor R4 and one end of a capacitor C2 and is connected with Vout; the other end of the control switch K3 is connected with the cathode of the diode D7, the anode of D7 is connected with GND, and meanwhile, the other end of the resistor R4 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are connected; the anode of the freewheeling diode D8 is connected with the novel transformer unit, the cathode is connected with one end of the inductor L2, and is simultaneously connected with one end of the control switch K4 and one end of the control switch K5; the other end of the cathode is connected with the inductor L2, the other end of the cathode is connected with the other end of the control switch K4, and the other end of the cathode is connected with one end of a resistor R5 and one end of a capacitor C3 and also connected with Vout 1; the other end of the control switch K5 is connected with the cathode of the diode D9, the anode of D9 is connected with GND, and meanwhile, the other end of the resistor R5 and the other end of the capacitor C3 are connected; the unit mainly comprises (1) controlling a switch in the unit according to the requirement of a load and the selection of a control method to enable an output mode to meet the requirement of the load, and (2) rectifying and storing energy for pulsating current output by a transformer, converting the current with pulsation into smooth direct current meeting the performance requirement and providing the direct current for the load.
The MCU main control unit integrates a control mode and a control method, and comprises the following steps: a simple flow chart of the control method is shown in fig. 4, and the specific flow is as follows: the switching power supply is connected into the system, and whether the switching power supply works in an automatic mode or a manual mode is selected through the display screen; if the manual mode is operated, a: determining the number of load paths; b: determining the power of the load according to the load design index; c: (the relation between the total load power and 100W) if the total load power is less than 100W, selecting the primary coil of the flyback switching power supply, and if the total load power is more than 100W, selecting the primary coil of the forward switching power supply; d: an action instruction for the control switch is sent to the MCU main control unit through the display screen, and the MCU main control unit controls the on-off state of the control switches K1-K8 according to the instruction; e: the state detection unit detects the state of each control switch, feeds the state back to the MCU main control unit and displays the state; f: if the state is correct, the starting switch is manually pressed to start the switching power supply. The state detection unit continuously detects the voltage and current values of all the positions and displays the voltage and current values to provide a basis for manual control.
If the automatic mode is selected, a: the MCU selects a primary coil of the forward switching power supply, switches on control switches K2, K4, K6 and K8, and switches off K1, K3, K5 and K7; b: starting a power supply, and detecting open and closed states of I1, I2, I3, I4, V1, V2 and V3 and signals CK1, CK2, CK3, CK4, CK5, CK6, CK7 and CK8 for controlling switches through a state detection unit; c: determining output power and input power of each path of the switching power supply according to current and voltage I1, I2, I3, I4, V1, V2, V3 and a formula P & UI, wherein P1 & lt I1 & gt V1, P2 & lt I2 & gt V2 and P & lt I3 & gt V3; d: if the secondary side outputs in two ways, and the output power P1 and P2 are each more than 100W or the sum of P1 and P2 is more than 100W and the minimum power of P1 and P2 is ensured to be more than 1W, the primary side coil mode of the forward switching power supply is used for operation; if one path of the switching power supply has power output and the other path has no power output, judging which path has output and controlling the path with output; if the output power P1 and P2 are both less than 100W but the sum of P1 and P2 is greater than 100W, the primary coil mode of the forward switching power supply is used for operation, and K2, K4, K6 and K8 are turned on, and K1, K3, K5 and K7 are turned off; e: if the output power P1 and P2 are both less than 100W and the sum of P1 and P2 is less than 100W, selecting a primary coil of the flyback switching power supply, turning off K2, K4, K6 and K8, and turning on K1, K3, K5 and K7; f: the on/off states of I1, I2, I3, I4, V1, V2, and V3, and signals CK1, CK2, CK3, CK4, CK5, CK6, CK7, and CK8 controlling the switches are detected by a state detection unit. If one path of the switching power supply has power output and the other path has no power output, judging which path has output, controlling the path, if Vout output is required, closing K2, K6 and K8, and opening K1, K3 and K7; vout1 output is required, K4, K6, K8 are closed, K1, K5, K7 are opened: the power is supplied to the load by mode selection. And various states are detected at the same time, and the basis is provided for the control of the MCU.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-mode switching power supply is characterized by comprising an MCU main control unit, a main circuit unit, a novel transformer unit, a state detection unit, a bus control protection unit, a selective output filtering unit and a power supply and display control unit;
the MCU main control unit is connected with the main circuit unit, the state detection unit, the bus control protection unit, the selective output filtering unit and the power supply and display control unit, and is used for controlling the main circuit unit to control the novel transformer unit according to feedback data of the state detection unit, controlling the bus control protection unit to select a bus voltage and current circulation mode, controlling the selective output filtering unit to select an output channel, and setting parameters according to an external regulation mode input by the power supply and display control unit;
the main circuit unit is connected with the MCU main control unit, the novel transformer unit, the state detection unit and the bus control protection unit and is used for carrying out mode selection and time sequence control on two groups of primary coils of the novel transformer unit under the control of the MCU main control unit, and carrying out mode selection, time sequence control and performance adjustment on two or more groups of secondary coils;
the state monitoring unit is connected with the MCU main control unit, the main circuit unit, the bus control protection unit and the selective output filtering unit and is used for detecting load current, load voltage, switching tube state and switching state in the main circuit unit, the bus control protection unit and the selective output filtering unit under the control of the MCU main control unit;
the input end of the bus control protection unit is connected with a bus, the output end of the bus control protection unit is connected with the main circuit unit and is also connected with the MCU main control unit, and the bus control protection unit is used for selecting a bus voltage and current circulation mode under the control of the MCU main control unit;
the novel transformer unit is connected with the main circuit unit and the selective output filtering unit, is used for storing and converting energy under the control of the main circuit unit, and outputs voltage and current through the selective output filtering unit;
the selective output filtering unit is connected with the state monitoring unit and the novel transformer unit and is used for rectifying the pulsating current and the voltage output by the novel transformer unit into smooth direct current, and selecting an output path under the control of the MCU main control unit and outputting the output path to a load;
the power supply and display control unit is connected with the MCU main control unit and used for supplying power to the MCU main control unit and displaying the monitoring value of the state monitoring unit, and the power supply and display control unit is provided with a human-computer interaction device and used for inputting an external adjusting mode.
2. A multi-mode switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein said novel transformer unit comprises a transformer bobbin and a transformer.
3. The multi-mode switching power supply of claim 2, wherein the transformer bobbin is a three-layer winding structure, adjacent layers are connected in an inserted manner, the outer layer is wound around the primary coil of the forward switching power supply, the middle layer is wound around the secondary coil of the forward switching power supply and the secondary coil of the flyback switching power supply, and the inner layer is wound around the primary coil of the flyback switching power supply.
4. A multi-mode switching power supply as claimed in claim 2, wherein said transformer comprises two primary windings and a plurality of secondary windings, wherein the two primary windings are a primary winding of a forward switching power supply and a primary winding of a flyback switching power supply.
5. The multimode switching power supply according to claim 4, wherein the main circuit unit comprises a first chopping power MOS transistor, a second chopping power MOS transistor, a third chopping power MOS transistor, a first control switch, a sixth control switch, a first diode, a fifth diode, a second freewheeling diode, a third freewheeling diode, a fourth freewheeling diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a first capacitor; the grid electrodes of the first chopping power MOS tube, the second chopping power MOS tube and the third chopping power MOS tube are all connected with the MCU main control unit, the drain electrode of the first chopping power MOS tube is connected with one output of the bus control protection unit and the cathode of the second freewheeling diode, the cathode of the second freewheeling diode is connected with the drain electrode of the second chopping power MOS tube, the source electrode of the second chopping power MOS tube is connected with one end of a first resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected with the negative electrode of a bus, the anode of the third freewheeling diode is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the cathode of the third freewheeling diode is connected with the source electrode of the first chopping power MOS tube, the cathode of the third freewheeling diode is also connected with the cathode of a first diode, the anode of the first diode is connected with one end of a primary side coil of the forward switching power supply, and the other end of the primary side coil of the forward switching power supply is connected with the drain electrode of the second chopping power MOS tube, the first diode is connected in parallel with the first control switch;
the first capacitor is connected with the second resistor in parallel, one end of the first capacitor is connected with one path of output of the bus control protection unit and one end of a primary coil of the flyback switching power supply, the other end of the first capacitor connected with the second resistor in parallel is connected with a negative electrode of the fourth freewheeling diode, an anode of the fourth freewheeling diode is connected with a drain electrode of the third chopping power MOS tube, a grid electrode of the third chopping power MOS tube is connected with the MCU main control unit, a source electrode of the third chopping power MOS tube is connected with one end of the third resistor, the other end of the third resistor is connected with a negative electrode of the bus, a drain electrode of the third chopping power MOS tube is connected with an anode of the fifth diode, a cathode of the fifth diode is connected with the other end of the primary coil of the flyback switching power supply, and the fifth diode is connected with the sixth control switch in parallel.
6. The multi-mode switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein the bus control protection unit comprises a twelfth diode, an eleventh diode, a seventh control switch, an eighth control switch, a third current sensor, a fourth current sensor and a third voltage sensor; one end of the third current sensor is connected with the bus, the other end of the third current sensor is connected with the third voltage sensor, the other end of the third voltage sensor is connected with two parallel circuits, one of the parallel circuits is of a series structure of the fourth current sensor and the twelfth pole tube, the other parallel circuit is of a seventh control switch, and the other end of the parallel circuit is a first output end; one path of the other parallel circuit is an eleventh diode, the other path of the other parallel circuit is an eighth control switch, and the other end of the parallel circuit is a second output end.
7. A multi-mode switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein said selective output filtering unit comprises a sixth rectifying diode, a seventh rectifying diode, an eighth rectifying diode, a ninth rectifying diode, a first energy-storage inductor, a second energy-storage inductor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a second switch controller, a third switch controller, a fourth switch controller, a fifth switch controller, a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a first voltage sensor and a second voltage sensor; the positive electrode of the sixth rectifying diode is connected with one end of a secondary coil of the forward switching power supply, the negative electrode of the sixth rectifying diode is connected with one end of the first energy storage inductor, the other end of the first energy storage inductor is connected with a parallel circuit, one path of the parallel circuit is a series structure of a first current sensor and a second capacitor, the other path of the parallel circuit is a series structure of a first voltage sensor and a fourth resistor, the other end of the parallel circuit is connected with a ground wire, the first energy storage inductor is connected with the second switching controller in parallel, a series circuit of a third switching controller and a seventh rectifying diode is further connected between the negative electrode of the sixth rectifying diode and the ground wire, and the other end of the secondary coil of the forward switching power supply is connected with the ground wire;
the positive pole of eighth rectifier diode is connected the one end of flyback switching power supply's secondary winding, eighth rectifier diode's negative pole is connected the one end of second energy storage inductance, a parallel circuit is connected to the other end of second energy storage inductance, be the series connection structure of second current sensor and third electric capacity in the parallel circuit all the way, another way does the series connection structure of second voltage sensor and fifth resistance, ground wire is connected to parallel circuit's the other end, second energy storage inductance is parallelly connected fourth controller, still be connected with fifth switch controller and ninth rectifier diode's series circuit between eighth rectifier diode's negative pole and the ground wire, the ground wire is connected to the other end of flyback switching power supply's secondary winding.
8. A control method of a multi-mode switching power supply is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the working mode of the switching power supply through a power supply and display control module;
when the working mode is a manual mode, the MCU main control unit selects a primary coil of the forward switching power supply, turns on the second control switch, the fourth control switch, the sixth control switch and the eighth control switch, and turns off the first control switch, the third control switch, the fifth control switch and the seventh control switch;
starting a power supply, and detecting the measurement values of a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a third circuit sensor, a fourth current sensor, a first voltage sensor, a second voltage sensor and a third voltage sensor and the on-off state signal of each control switch through a state detection unit;
determining output power and input power of each path according to the measured values;
if the output power of the secondary coil of the forward switching power supply and the output power of the secondary coil of the flyback switching power supply are both larger than 100W, or the sum of the two output powers is larger than 100W and each output power is ensured to be larger than 1W, selecting the primary coil of the forward switching power supply to operate: if multi-path power output is needed, the second control switch, the fourth control switch, the sixth control switch and the eighth control switch are turned on, and the first control switch, the third control switch, the fifth control switch and the seventh control switch are turned off; if the single-path power output is needed, controlling the on-off state of the control switch of the corresponding path;
otherwise, selecting the primary coil of the flyback switching power supply to operate: if multi-path power output is needed, closing the second control switch, the fourth control switch, the sixth control switch and the eighth control switch, and opening the first control switch, the third control switch, the fifth control switch and the seventh control switch; if the single-path power output is needed, controlling the on-off state of the control switch of the corresponding path;
detecting relevant state information by a state detection unit: the control circuit comprises a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a third circuit sensor, a fourth current sensor, a first voltage sensor, a second voltage sensor and a third voltage sensor, wherein the first current sensor, the second current sensor, the third circuit sensor, the fourth current sensor, the first voltage sensor, the second voltage sensor and the third voltage sensor are used for measuring values and on-off state signals of each control switch;
and the MCU main control unit controls the switching power supply to work according to the state information.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein when the operating mode is a manual mode, obtaining the number of load paths, and determining the load power according to a load design index; if the sum of the load power is less than 100W, selecting a primary coil of the flyback switching power supply; if the sum of the load power is more than 100W, selecting a primary coil of the forward switching power supply;
the power supply and display control module sends an action instruction for controlling the switch to the MCU main control unit, and the MCU main control unit controls the on-off state of the control switch according to the action instruction;
the state detection unit detects the on-off state of each control switch and feeds the on-off state back to the MCU main control unit, and the power supply and reality control module displays the detection result;
if the on-off state of each control switch is correct, the switching power supply is started manually;
the state detection unit detects the voltage and current values of the bus control protection unit, the main circuit unit and the selective output filtering unit, displays the voltage and current values and is used for manual control judgment.
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| TWI822548B (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-11-11 | 大陸商昂寶電子（上海）有限公司 | Multi-channel output switching regulator and its switching regulator control system |
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