CN112067954B - Arc fault test device and test method - Google Patents
Arc fault test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112067954B CN112067954B CN202010954753.1A CN202010954753A CN112067954B CN 112067954 B CN112067954 B CN 112067954B CN 202010954753 A CN202010954753 A CN 202010954753A CN 112067954 B CN112067954 B CN 112067954B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/20—Preparation of articles or specimens to facilitate testing
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Abstract
An arc fault testing apparatus and method are disclosed. The arc fault test apparatus may include: a wire harness that transmits electric power of a power source to a load unit, the wire harness including a plurality of wires and in which an insulating layer of at least two of the wires has a cutout to expose a conductor portion; an arc fault triggering unit for triggering the conductor portion exposed from the wire harness to generate an arc when the wire harness is energized; and an arc energy measuring unit disposed around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness to measure arc energy when an arc occurs at the exposed conductor portion. Methods for conducting arc fault tests are also disclosed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fault simulation, in particular to an arc fault test device and an arc fault test method.
Background
According to the FAA and EASA civil Aircraft Fault statistical reports and related literature, the frequency and severity of the effects of Aircraft arc faults (Aircraft arc faults) have increased over the last decade. The damage is mainly reflected in that the temperature can reach thousands of degrees centigrade at the moment of the arc fault, which not only damages the lines of the power supply and distribution system and the power utilization system of the airplane, but also seriously affects the EWIS (electrical wire Interconnection system) and the peripheral systems. If the fault arc plasma arc column sprays and pierces the hydraulic and fuel lines, fire and explosion events can be initiated, which can have a serious impact on the overall safety of the aircraft.
The existing relevant test standard and method for the electric arc fault in the field of airplanes comprise the following steps: EN3475-603, Aerospace services-Cables, electrical, air use-Test methods, Part 603: Resistance to wet arc tracking, which is aimed at testing the Resistance of a wire and cable to wet arc tracking; EN3475-604, Aerospace services-Cables, electrical, air use-Test methods, Part 604, Resistance to dry arc propagation, which aims to Test the Resistance of a wire and cable to dry arc tracking; SAE AS4373 Method 508, Dry Arc Propagation Resistance, which is aimed at testing the Resistance of a wire and cable to Dry Arc tracking; SAE AS4373 Method 509, Wet Arc Propagation Resistance, the standard is intended to test the Resistance of wire and cable to Wet Arc tracking.
In the above standards, after the test apparatus triggered an arc fault, damage to the wire and cable from an aircraft fault arc was evaluated by wire and cable dielectric strength testing and insulation surface arc print measurements. However, in one aspect, the existing arc fault testing apparatus and method cannot simulate the arc fault in the airborne environment. On the other hand, the existing arc fault test device and method cannot measure the arc fault energy. On the other hand, the existing arc fault test device and method cannot simulate or evaluate the damage of the arc fault to the airplane.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for improved arc fault testing apparatus and testing methods.
Disclosure of Invention
To address one or more of the above-mentioned deficiencies of prior arc fault testing devices and methods, the present invention provides improved devices and methods for arc fault testing. On one hand, the invention can simulate the fault arc of the circuit under various trigger factors so as to achieve the aim of reproducing the fault arc. On the other hand, the invention can measure the arc energy at different positions around the fault arc generation point and is used for evaluating the fault arc influence. In yet another aspect, the present invention can measure and evaluate damage to affected objects around the point of occurrence of a fault arc.
In one embodiment, an arc fault testing apparatus may include: a wire harness that transmits electric power of a power source to a load unit, the wire harness including a plurality of wires and in which an insulating layer of at least two of the wires has a cutout to expose a conductor portion; an arc fault triggering unit for triggering the conductor portion exposed from the wire harness to generate an arc when the wire harness is energized; and an arc energy measuring unit disposed around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness to measure arc energy when an arc occurs at the exposed conductor portion.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing apparatus further comprises: a data analysis unit that determines an arc energy distribution around the wire harness based on the arc energy measured by the arc energy measurement unit.
In an aspect, the data analysis unit determines, based on the arc energy distribution, an estimated temperature rise or an estimated damage of objects at different locations around the wire harness caused by the arc.
In one aspect, the arc fault triggering unit, the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness, and the arc energy measuring unit are placed in an environmental enclosure that provides one or more of set air pressure, temperature, humidity, vibration.
In one aspect, the arc energy measurement unit includes: a plurality of calorie meters located at different locations around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness to measure arc energy at different locations around the wire harness.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing apparatus further comprises: one or more test objects disposed around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness, the test objects recording damage that occurs after experiencing an arc, wherein the data analysis unit determines, based on the arc energy distribution and the damage of the test objects, an estimated damage that the arc causes to objects at different locations around the wire harness.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing apparatus further comprises: a thermocouple inside the test object to detect a temperature change of the test object due to an arc.
In one aspect, the shape of the test object comprises a pipe, a flat plate, or a cable, and the material of the test object comprises a metal, an alloy, or a composite material.
In an aspect, the arc fault triggering unit is a dry arc triggering device for triggering a dry arc, or a wet arc triggering device for triggering a wet arc.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing apparatus is adapted to simulate a harness arc fault in an aircraft, a ship, a factory, or an automobile.
In another embodiment, an arc fault testing method may include: transferring electric power of a power source to a load unit via a wire harness including a plurality of wires and in which an insulating layer of at least two of the wires has a cut-out to expose a conductor portion; triggering the exposed conductor part of the wire harness to generate an arc through an arc fault triggering unit when the wire harness is electrified; and measuring arc energy around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness when an arc occurs in the exposed conductor portion.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing method further comprises: determining an arc energy distribution around the wire harness based on the measured arc energy.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing method further comprises: determining, based on the arc energy distribution, that the arc causes an estimated heating or an estimated damage of objects at different locations around the wire harness.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing method is performed in an environmental chamber that provides one or more of set air pressure, temperature, humidity, vibration.
In one aspect, measuring the arc energy further comprises: arc energy at different locations around the wire harness is measured using a plurality of calorimeters located at different locations around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing method further comprises: recording damage that occurs after the test object experiences an arc using one or more test objects disposed around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness; and determining an estimated damage of the arc to objects at different locations around the wire harness based on the arc energy distribution and the damage of the test object.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing method further comprises: detecting a temperature change of the test object due to an arc using a thermocouple inside the test object.
In one aspect, the shape of the test object comprises a pipe, a flat plate, or a cable, and the material of the test object comprises a metal, an alloy, or a composite material.
In one aspect, the arc triggered is a dry arc or a wet arc.
In one aspect, the arc fault testing method is suitable for simulating a harness arc fault in an aircraft, a ship, a factory, or an automobile.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an arc fault testing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a dry arc trigger device according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a wet arc trigger device according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of arc fault affected object and energy measurements according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an arc fault testing method according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arc fault testing circuit according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arc fault test measurement layout according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples and drawings, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
The invention provides an improved arc fault testing device and an improved arc fault testing method. On one hand, the invention can simulate the fault arc of the circuit under various trigger factors so as to achieve the aim of reproducing the fault arc. On the other hand, the invention can measure the arc energy at different positions around the fault arc generation point and is used for evaluating the fault arc influence. In yet another aspect, the present invention can measure and evaluate damage to affected objects around the point of occurrence of a fault arc.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an arc fault testing apparatus 100 according to one embodiment of the invention. The arc fault testing apparatus 100 may include components such as a power source 102, a circuit protection unit 104, an arc fault triggering unit 106, a wiring harness 108, an arc energy measurement unit 110, a test object 112, a load unit 114, a data analysis unit 130, and the like. In one embodiment, the arc fault triggering unit 106, at least a portion of the wiring harness 108, the arc energy measurement unit 110, the test object 112 may be disposed in an environmental chamber 120. In other embodiments, one or more of the power supply 102, the circuit protection unit 104, and the load unit 114 may also be placed in the environmental chamber 120.
The environmental chamber 120 may be used to simulate an environment in which a real arc fault occurs, such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, vibration, etc. For example, in simulating an aircraft arc fault, the environmental chamber 120 may provide temperature and humidity conditions that comply with the RTCA DO-160G standard, such as RTCA/DO-160G Section 6 or RTCA/DO-160G Section 8. The environmental chamber 120 may also include a vibration table to provide vibrations according to a set pattern or profile.
The power supply 102 may provide power to the various components of the arc fault testing apparatus 100. The power source 102 may be a dc or ac power source, or may be a generator unit. By way of example and not limitation, the DC voltage may be 24VDC, 28VDC, etc., the AC voltage may be 115VAC, 230VAC, etc., and the AC frequency may be 360-800 Hz, etc. The power supply 102 may provide the same or similar voltage/current as that employed in a real arc fault condition to simulate a real occurring arc. In other embodiments, suitable voltage levels may be employed without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The circuit protection unit 104 is used to provide circuit protection for the arc fault testing apparatus 100 and may include, for example, a thermal circuit breaker, a solid state power controller, and/or other programmable circuit protection devices. The circuit protection unit 104 may disconnect the power supply 102 after the temperature, voltage, or current reaches a respective threshold in order to avoid causing damage to the arc fault testing device 100.
The wiring harness 108 is connected between the power source 102 (or the circuit protection unit 104) and the load unit 114, whereby the power of the power source 102 is transmitted to the load unit 114 through the wiring harness 108. The wire harness 108 may include a bundle of multiple wires, such as a bundle of 2-30 wires. The harness 108 may be the same gauge or similar to the harness in a real arc fault. The load cell 114 may be used to simulate a load in a real arc fault, such as a purely resistive, purely capacitive, purely inductive load, or a combination of types of loads.
The arc fault triggering unit 106 is used to trigger two or more wires in the wiring harness 108 to arc. The arc fault triggering unit 106 may be a dry arc triggering device for triggering a dry arc, or a wet arc triggering device for triggering a wet arc, as described in more detail below. After the wire harness 108 is arcing (i.e., the two wires are shorted), the circuit protection unit 104 may disconnect the power supply 102.
The arc energy measurement unit 110 may be used to measure arc energy at various locations around the wire harness 108. For example, a calorie meter (Calorimeter) may be provided at various locations along the radial direction of the wire harness 108, centered on the location of the arc on the wire harness 108, for measuring the arc energy at various locations around the wire harness 108. By way of example and not limitation, the calorie meter may collect information such as the energy sum, energy maximum, energy variation, energy mean, etc. of the measurement points in space during the full cycle from the occurrence to the end of the arc.
In addition, test objects 112 may be placed at various locations around the wiring harness 108 to examine the effects of arcs occurring on the wiring harness 108 on surrounding objects. The test object 112 may include objects of various shapes, such as, but not limited to, pipes, plates, cables, and the like. The material of the test object 112 may be, for example, a metal or an alloy (e.g., an aluminum alloy, a copper alloy, a titanium alloy, stainless steel, a composite material, etc.). Arcing occurring at the wire harness 108 may have an effect on the test object 112, such as surface ablation, deformation, etc. Thus, by inspecting the damage that occurs after the test object 112 has experienced an arc, the effect of the arc occurring on the wire harness 108 on surrounding objects can be presumed. In one example, a thermocouple may also be disposed inside the test object 112, whereby temperature changes of objects around the wire harness 108 due to arcing occurring on the wire harness 108 may be detected. For example, such temperature changes may affect the physical properties, toughness, lifetime, etc. of the test object 112.
The data analysis unit 130 may determine an arc energy distribution around the wire harness 108 based on the arc energy measured by the arc energy measurement unit 110, such as an energy gradient of the arc energy around the wire harness 108 as a function of distance, an energy gradient in different directions around the wire harness 108, and so forth. The data analysis unit 130 may further determine an estimated temperature rise or an estimated damage of the affected object based on the arc energy distribution in combination with the affected object (e.g., hydraulic lines, fuel lines, etc.) at different locations around the wiring harness 108. In another example, the data analysis unit 130 may determine an estimated damage/temperature rise of objects at different locations around the wire harness 108 caused by the arc based on the arc energy distribution and the damage/temperature rise of the test object 112.
In a further embodiment, the data analysis unit 130 may establish an empirical model between voltage, current, triggering regime and arc energy distribution based on the energy data of the various measurement points. Based on such empirical models, the arrangement and arc protection of the wiring harness and objects (e.g., hydraulic lines, fuel lines, etc.) around the wiring harness in practical applications can be designed accordingly. The data analysis unit 130 may be implemented using a computer, a processor, a server, a cloud service, and the like.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a dry arc trigger device according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 also shows a wire harness 220, which may include a bundle of two or more wires. For clarity, FIG. 2 shows two of the wires as an example and not a limitation. The two wires of the wire harness 220 have cut-outs 222 (e.g., at locations corresponding to the two wires) to remove insulation of the wires and expose metal conductors of the wires.
When the wire harness 220 is energized, the metal wire 214 is lapped at a cut-out position 222 in the wire harness 220, the metal conductors of two energized lines are communicated, and then the metal wire 214 is removed, so that the dry arc can be triggered to occur between the two wires.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a wet arc trigger device according to an embodiment of the invention. By way of example and not limitation, the wet arc trigger device may be a salt spray sprinkler 320. Fig. 3 also shows a wire harness 310 (top view of the wire harness and bottom cross-sectional view of the wire harness), which may include a bundle of two or more wires. The two wires of the wire bundle 320 have cut-outs 312 (e.g., ring-cut portions) thereon to remove insulation of the wires and expose the metal conductors of the wires. When the wire harness 310 is energized, the salt spray device 320 sprays salt spray onto the exposed conductor portion in the wire harness 310, triggering the occurrence of a wet arc between the two wires.
Although fig. 2 and 3 show examples of a dry arc trigger device and a wet arc trigger device, respectively, it should be understood that other suitable arc fault trigger devices may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of arc fault affected object and energy measurements according to one embodiment of the invention.
The layout of fig. 4 is centered on a wire harness 410 of wire and cable. Test subjects T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and calorie meters M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 may be disposed at various radial distances R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 from the center of the wire harness 410, respectively. One or more of the radial distances R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 may be the same or different from each other. The test objects T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 may be the same object or different objects, have a material or shape desired to be tested, or the like. A thermocouple may also be disposed inside the test object to detect a temperature change of the corresponding test object. In the actual test process, the radius distance, the number of test objects and the number of calorie meters can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
Fig. 4 shows only the arc energy measuring unit and the test object disposed at different positions in a radial direction thereof, centering on a position on the wire harness 410 where the arc occurs. Furthermore, the arc energy measurement unit and the test object may additionally or alternatively be arranged around other locations along the length of the wire harness 410 (i.e., on the wire harness 410 at a distance from where the arc occurs).
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an arc fault testing method 500 according to one embodiment of the invention.
At step 502, power from a power source may be delivered to a load unit via a wiring harness. The wire harness may include a plurality of wires and wherein the insulation of at least two of the wires has a cut-out to expose the conductor portion.
At step 504, an arc may be triggered to occur at the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness when the wire harness is energized. The arc triggered may be a dry arc or a wet arc.
At step 506, arc energy may be measured around the exposed conductor portion as the exposed conductor portion arcs. In one example, measuring the arc energy may include: arc energy is measured at different locations around the wire harness using a plurality of calorimeters located at different locations around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness.
At optional step 508, one or more test objects disposed around the exposed conductor portion may be used to record damage that occurs after the test object experiences an arc. The shape of the test object may include a pipe, a flat plate, a cable, or the like, and the material of the test object may include a metal, an alloy, a composite material, or the like. The test object may be damaged, such as surface ablation, deformation, etc., after an arc is generated nearby.
At optional step 510, a thermocouple inside the test object may be used to detect a temperature change of the test object due to the arc.
In one example, an energy distribution around the wire harness may be determined (e.g., fitted) based on the measured arc energy, such as an energy gradient of arc energy around the wire harness as a function of distance, an energy gradient in different directions around the wire harness, and so forth. In another example, an estimated temperature rise or an estimated damage of the affected object may be further determined based on the arc energy distribution in combination with the affected object (e.g., different materials, different shapes, etc.) at different locations around the wire harness. In another example, an estimated damage/temperature rise of the arc causing objects at different locations around the wire harness may be determined based on the arc energy distribution and the damage/temperature rise of the test object.
In a further embodiment, an empirical model between voltage, current, strike mode and arc energy distribution may be established based on energy data for each measurement point. Based on such empirical models, the arrangement and arc protection of the wiring harness and objects (e.g., hydraulic lines, fuel lines, etc.) around the wiring harness in practical applications can be designed accordingly.
In one embodiment, the arc fault testing method may be performed in an environmental chamber that provides one or more of set air pressure, temperature, humidity, vibration. The arc fault test method can be applied to simulating the wire harness arc fault in an airplane, a ship, a factory, an automobile and the like.
While fig. 5 shows a number of steps, it is to be understood that some of these steps are optional. For example, step 508 and/or step 510 are optional. Additionally, some steps may be performed in a different order than shown in fig. 5. For example, steps 506, 508, 510 may be performed in any suitable order or concurrently.
One specific test procedure is described below by way of example and not limitation, in an aircraft Electrical Wiring Interconnection System (EWIS).
Step 1, the area where the EWIS harness installation design is located can be determined.
And 2, judging whether the area belongs to a high vibration area. The high vibration regions may include, for example, APU bays, hangers, nacelles, wings, gear bays, empennages, and the like. If the area where the EWIS wiring harness installation design is located is a high vibration area, an RTCA DO-160G SECTION 8: D1, E1 can be adopted as a vibration curve; if the EWIS wiring harness and the area where the installation design is located is a low vibration zone (e.g., not belonging to a high vibration zone), the vibration curve may employ RTCA DO-160G SECTION 8: B4, C1.
And 3, determining the humidity level of the area where the EWIS wiring harness installation design is located.
The area where the EWIS harness installation design is located, and the column of "area" in table 1 finds the humidity level corresponding to the row where the EWIS harness installation design is located, that is, the humidity level of the area.
TABLE 1 aircraft area and corresponding humidity level
And 4, selecting a corresponding environment simulation box based on the vibration level and the humidity level determined above, and building a test platform as shown in fig. 1 and 4.
And 5, carrying out an arc fault influence evaluation test, reducing/simulating the EWIS wire harness and the installation design configuration (voltage, frequency, circuit protection, wire harness composition, influenced object, environment and the like) in a specific area, triggering the arc in a metal wire lapping or metal flat plate (non-guillotine) cutting mode, and acquiring calorie count values at various positions and damage conditions (such as ablation area, thermocouple temperature values and the like) of the test object at each position.
And 6, recording the test configuration and data for evaluating the fault arc energy and the damage condition of the affected object. For example, the arc energy distribution around the wire harness may be fitted based on the measured arc energy, such as an energy gradient of the arc energy around the wire harness as a function of distance, an energy gradient in different directions around the wire harness, and so forth. Moreover, an estimated temperature rise or estimated damage of the affected object may be further determined based on the arc energy distribution in combination with the affected object at different locations around the wire harness (e.g., material, shape, etc. of the affected object). In another example, an estimated damage/temperature rise of the arc causing objects at different locations around the wire harness may be determined based on the arc energy distribution and the damage/temperature rise of the test object.
In a further embodiment, an empirical model between voltage, current, strike mode and arc energy distribution may be established based on energy data for each measurement point. Based on such empirical models, the arrangement and arc protection of the wiring harness and objects (e.g., hydraulic lines, fuel lines, etc.) around the wiring harness in practical applications can be designed accordingly.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arc fault testing circuit according to one embodiment of the invention. By way of example, and not limitation, the experimental equipment in table 2 below may be used.
TABLE 2 examples of test devices
In fig. 6, the power supply may provide respective electrical signals for three phase lines A, B, C and a neutral line N, where the phase line A, B, C is connected to loads r1, r2, r3 via circuit breakers CB1, CB2, CB3, respectively. Certain sections of the three phase lines A, B, C and neutral line N may be bundled together into a wire harness. By way of example and not limitation, the insulation may be stripped from the a-phase and N-phase wires of the wire bundle to expose the metal conductors, where care should be taken that the cut locations of the two wires are aligned or partially aligned.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arc fault test measurement layout according to one embodiment of the invention. For example, 5 steel pipes (thermocouple may be laid on the inner pipe wall) and 5 calorie meters are arranged along the radial direction with the cut as the center. By way of example and not limitation, the radius R1 is 3 cm, R2 is 5 cm, R3 is 8 cm, R4 is 10 cm, and R5 is 15 cm.
During the experiment, a wire was crimped onto an energized bare conductor to complete two wires, and then removed to trigger a dry arc. After the circuit breaker trips, readings of calorie meters #1 to #5 are recorded, and corresponding fault arc energy is obtained. In addition, the damage conditions of the steel pipes #1 to #5 can be observed, and the highest temperature values T1 to T5 collected by the thermocouples in the steel pipes are recorded, so that the damage conditions of the fault arc on surrounding objects can be evaluated.
While various device models and parameters are listed in the above embodiments, it should be understood that the above device models and parameters are by way of example only and are not limiting. In particular practice, corresponding equipment and parameters may be adjusted according to the actual circumstances without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
The technology described herein can be applied to the fields of airplanes, ships, factories, automobiles and the like, and particularly to the design work of the electrical circuit interconnection system of civil airplanes. On one hand, the invention can simulate the fault arc of the circuit under various trigger factors so as to achieve the aim of reproducing the fault arc. On the other hand, the invention can measure the arc energy at different positions around the fault arc generation point and is used for evaluating the fault arc influence. In yet another aspect, the present invention can measure and evaluate damage to affected objects around the point of occurrence of a fault arc. According to the evaluation of the arc fault test, the arrangement and the arc protection of the wire harness and objects around the wire harness in practical application can be designed correspondingly.
The various steps and modules of the methods and apparatus described above may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. If implemented in hardware, the various illustrative steps, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic component, hardware component, or any combination thereof. A general purpose processor may be a processor, microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine, among others. If implemented in software, the various illustrative steps, modules, etc. described in connection with the disclosure may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. A software module implementing various operations of the present disclosure may reside in a storage medium such as RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, cloud storage, and the like. A storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium, and execute the corresponding program modules to perform the various steps of the present disclosure. Furthermore, software-based embodiments may be uploaded, downloaded, or accessed remotely through suitable communication means. Such suitable communication means include, for example, the internet, the world wide web, an intranet, software applications, cable (including fiber optic cable), magnetic communication, electromagnetic communication (including RF, microwave, and infrared communication), electronic communication, or other such communication means.
It is also noted that the embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged.
The disclosed methods, apparatus, and systems should not be limited in any way. Rather, the present disclosure encompasses all novel and non-obvious features and aspects of the various disclosed embodiments, both individually and in various combinations and sub-combinations with each other. The disclosed methods, apparatus, and systems are not limited to any specific aspect or feature or combination thereof, nor do any of the disclosed embodiments require that any one or more specific advantages be present or that a particular or all technical problem be solved.
The embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (18)
1. An arc fault testing device, comprising:
a wire harness that transmits electric power of a power source to a load unit, the wire harness including a plurality of wires and in which an insulating layer of at least two of the wires has a cutout to expose a conductor portion;
an arc fault triggering unit for triggering the conductor portion exposed from the wire harness to generate an arc when the wire harness is energized;
an arc energy measuring unit arranged at different positions around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness to measure arc energy at the different positions when an arc occurs at the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness;
one or more test objects disposed around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness, the test objects recording damage that occurs after experiencing an arc; and
a data analysis unit that determines an arc energy distribution around the wire harness based on the arc energy measured by the arc energy measurement unit and determines an estimated damage of the object at different positions around the wire harness caused by the arc based on the arc energy distribution and a damage of the test object.
2. The arc fault testing device of claim 1, wherein the data analysis unit determines, based on the arc energy distribution, an estimated temperature rise or an estimated damage caused by the arc to objects at different locations around the wire harness.
3. The arc fault testing device of claim 1, wherein the arc fault triggering unit, the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness, and the arc energy measuring unit are disposed in an environmental chamber that provides one or more of a set air pressure, temperature, humidity, vibration.
4. The arc fault testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the arc energy measuring unit comprises:
a plurality of calorie meters located at different locations around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness to measure arc energy at different locations around the wire harness.
5. The arc fault testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a thermocouple inside the test object to detect a temperature change of the test object due to an arc.
6. The arc fault testing device of claim 1, wherein the shape of the test object comprises a pipe, a flat plate, or a cable, and the material of the test object comprises a metal or a composite material.
7. The arc fault testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the material of the test object comprises an alloy.
8. The arc fault testing device of claim 1, wherein the arc fault triggering unit is a dry arc triggering device for triggering a dry arc or a wet arc triggering device for triggering a wet arc.
9. The arc fault testing device of claim 1, wherein the arc fault testing device is adapted to simulate a harness arc fault in an aircraft, a marine vessel, a factory, or an automobile.
10. An arc fault testing method, comprising:
transferring electric power of a power source to a load unit via a wire harness including a plurality of wires and in which an insulating layer of at least two of the wires has a cut-out to expose a conductor portion;
triggering the exposed conductor part of the wire harness to generate an arc through an arc fault triggering unit when the wire harness is electrified;
measuring arc energy at different locations around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness as the arc occurs at the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness;
determining an arc energy distribution around the wire harness based on the measured arc energy;
recording damage that occurs after the test object experiences an arc using one or more test objects disposed around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness; and
determining an estimated damage of the arc to objects at different locations around the wire harness based on the arc energy distribution and the damage of the test object.
11. The arc fault testing method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining, based on the arc energy distribution, that the arc causes an estimated heating or an estimated damage of objects at different locations around the wire harness.
12. The arc fault testing method of claim 10, wherein the arc fault testing method is performed in an environmental chamber that provides one or more of set air pressure, temperature, humidity, vibration.
13. The arc fault testing method of claim 10, wherein measuring arc energy further comprises:
arc energy at different locations around the wire harness is measured using a plurality of calorimeters located at different locations around the exposed conductor portion of the wire harness.
14. The arc fault testing method of claim 10, further comprising:
detecting a temperature change of the test object due to an arc using a thermocouple inside the test object.
15. The arc fault testing method of claim 10, wherein the shape of the test object comprises a pipe, a flat plate, or a cable, and the material of the test object comprises a metal or a composite material.
16. The arc fault testing method of claim 10, wherein the material of the test object comprises an alloy.
17. The arc fault testing method of claim 10, wherein the arc triggered is a dry arc or a wet arc.
18. The arc fault testing method of claim 10, wherein the arc fault testing method is adapted to simulate a harness arc fault in an aircraft, a ship, a factory, or an automobile.
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| EP3214453A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-06 | ABB Schweiz AG | Method and apparatus for arc fault detection in electrical systems |
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