CN112067951A - Online detection method and system for phase selection, disconnection and heavy breakdown of vacuum switch - Google Patents
Online detection method and system for phase selection, disconnection and heavy breakdown of vacuum switch Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1254—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of gas-insulated power appliances or vacuum gaps
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment state detection, and provides a method and a system for online detection of phase selection breaking and re-puncturing of a vacuum switch aiming at the defects of the existing phase selection switch state maintenance means; shaping the collected electromagnetic wave signals; acquiring the characteristics of the shaped electromagnetic wave signals; comparing the acquired electromagnetic wave signal characteristics with the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics; if the comparison result meets the preset condition, judging that the problem of heavy breakdown exists when the phase selection of the vacuum switch corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal is disconnected; the reference electromagnetic wave signal is characterized in that an electromagnetic wave signal in a surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown is extracted in advance; failure of the phase selection disconnection can be found in time, and an alarm can be given in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment state detection, in particular to an online detection method and system for phase selection, disconnection and heavy breakdown of a vacuum switch.
Background
Vacuum switches are widely used for switching inductive loads such as reactors, transformers, motors and arc furnaces, and capacitive loads of capacitor banks. During the switching-off process of the vacuum switch, a contact gap re-strike, also referred to as an arc reignition, may occur. Contact gap re-breakdown can produce operating over-voltages and inrush currents that can be detrimental to the safe operation of the disconnected load device and the vacuum switch itself.
The occurrence of the contact gap re-breakdown is random, and the occurrence condition is as follows: the contact of the vacuum switch just leads the time of the power frequency current zero point at the moment, namely the arcing time is too short, so that when the current is subjected to zero-crossing arc extinction and voltage recovery occurs, the contact opening distance is not large enough, and the effect of the voltage recovery cannot be borne.
In view of this, an effective method for eliminating contact gap re-breakdown is phase selection on-off, that is, in the on-off process of the vacuum switch, the power frequency current phase of the contact at the moment of time is controlled, so that the arcing time is long enough, and the contact open distance of the vacuum switch is large enough when the recovery voltage appears, and the contact can not be re-broken. The principle of eliminating contact gap re-breakdown by phase selection and disconnection is to detect the phase of the power frequency current to be disconnected and select the phase of the control command to avoid re-breakdown in the disconnection process.
At present, the phase selection operation of the switch is widely applied, and a good effect is achieved. However, in practical applications of phase selection operation, the accuracy of phase selection operation is still a high concern.
The period of power frequency current (or voltage) is 20ms, the phase selection operation requires that the time of 'just opening' or 'just closing' of a switch contact is accurately controlled within a specified power frequency phase interval, and the control precision needs to be in the time magnitude of ms. In the phase selection operation, the key factor influencing the accuracy of phase selection control is the stability of the mechanical action time of the switch.
The stability of the mechanical action of the switch includes short-term stability and long-term stability. Short-term stability: the switching process includes the actions of a plurality of components such as a relay, an electromagnet, a release and the like, and the action time of each component has dispersion, so that the dispersion of the switching action time is caused, and the dispersion can be influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and the like. Long-term stability: the wear and aging of parts during long-term operation of the switch, etc., lead to a tendency change in the operation time, such as an increase in the operation time, or an increase in the dispersion.
Therefore, the operation and maintenance of the vacuum phase selection switch are also very important to ensure the reliability of the phase selection operation. The main operation and maintenance mode of the existing vacuum phase selection switch is regular maintenance, namely the vacuum phase selection switch is stopped running according to a certain time period, and the accuracy of the phase selection operation is confirmed through special tests and measurements to process possible problems.
There are two main disadvantages to periodic maintenance. Firstly, the switch needs to quit operation, and loss is generated; secondly, the periodic maintenance may have overhauls and underoverhauls, limiting the operation and maintenance effect.
The condition maintenance of the operation characteristic of the vacuum phase selection switch can eliminate the defect of regular maintenance. The condition maintenance is to carry out on-line detection on the operating characteristics of the vacuum phase selection switch in the working process of the vacuum phase selection switch, find problems in time and maintain in time, avoid unnecessary shutdown maintenance and realize better operation and maintenance effects.
One important performance of the vacuum switch phase selection on-off performance degradation is the contact gap re-breakdown, and the vacuum switch phase selection on-off performance degradation can be found in time through the on-line detection of the contact gap re-breakdown.
During the opening of the vacuum switch, if a re-breakdown of the contact gap occurs, the re-breakdown will generate a large transient voltage and current in the circuit. The on-line detection of the vacuum switch contact gap re-breakdown can be realized through transient voltage or current in the sensing and measuring circuit, so that the failure of the phase selection disconnection can be found in time, an alarm is given in time, and the loss is reduced. However, the detection mode depends on detection equipment, the current and the voltage of each vacuum switch cannot be detected in consideration of cost factors, and the detection mode is difficult to popularize, so that an online detection method and a system for phase selection, breaking and heavy breakdown of the vacuum switches are urgently needed, dependence on the equipment can be reduced, and the method and the system can be popularized in a large scale and are economical and applicable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the existing phase selection switch state maintenance means and provides an online detection method and system for phase selection on-off heavy breakdown of a vacuum switch.
In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the on-line detection method for the phase selection breaking and heavy breakdown of the vacuum switch comprises the following steps,
collecting electromagnetic wave signals in the area around the vacuum switch within a period of time after the vacuum switch receives the control signals;
shaping the collected electromagnetic wave signals;
acquiring the characteristics of the shaped electromagnetic wave signals;
comparing the acquired electromagnetic wave signal characteristics with the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics;
if the comparison result meets the preset condition, judging that the phase selection on-off performance of the vacuum switch corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal has a problem;
the period of time is more than or equal to 0ms and less than or equal to 20 ms;
the peripheral area is an area with the vacuum switch as the center and the radius of R which is less than or equal to 100 m;
the reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristic is an electromagnetic wave signal extracted in advance from the surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown.
The further preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: the shaping processing of the detected electromagnetic wave signal includes filtering and amplifying.
The further preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: the frequency collection range of the electromagnetic wave is [300,3000] MHz.
The further preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: the characteristics of the obtained shaped electromagnetic wave signal and the reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics comprise waveform characteristics and/or waveform parameter characteristics.
The further preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics are that a characteristic identification model is constructed by utilizing waveform characteristic data of electromagnetic wave signals in the surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown according to the history through a deep learning algorithm; the step of comparing the acquired electromagnetic wave signal characteristics with the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics is to bring the acquired waveform characteristic data of the electromagnetic wave signal into a pre-acquired characteristic recognition model to obtain a comparison result.
The further preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics are waveform parameter characteristic intervals determined according to the statistical waveform parameter characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signals in the surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown, and the waveform parameter characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signals comprise amplitude and frequency; the comparison of the acquired electromagnetic wave signal characteristics with the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics is to judge whether the amplitude and the frequency of the acquired electromagnetic wave signal fall within a waveform parameter characteristic interval of the electromagnetic wave signal obtained by statistics in advance and output a judgment result.
The invention provides, in a second aspect, an on-line detection system for phase selection breaking and restriking of a vacuum switch, using the on-line detection method for phase selection breaking and restriking of a vacuum switch as described in the first aspect, comprising,
the electromagnetic wave signal acquisition antenna is used for acquiring the electromagnetic wave signals in the area around the vacuum switch within a period of time after the control signal is received from the vacuum switch;
the filter shaping circuit is used for shaping the collected electromagnetic wave signals, filtering noise and amplifying waveforms;
the first integrated circuit is used for receiving the filtered and shaped electromagnetic wave signal information and extracting features from the electromagnetic wave signal information through calculation;
and the second integrated circuit is used for comparing the features extracted by the first integrated circuit with the features pre-stored in the first integrated circuit and outputting a comparison result to the outside.
The further preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: the device also comprises an analog-to-digital conversion circuit which is arranged between the filtering and shaping circuit and the first integrated circuit and is used for converting the electromagnetic wave signals after filtering and shaping into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the first integrated circuit.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: in the process of opening and closing the vacuum switch, if the contact gap is subjected to heavy breakdown, strong pulse electromagnetic waves are generated in the surrounding space. By measuring the pulse electromagnetic wave in the space around the vacuum switch, the online detection of the gap re-breakdown of the vacuum switch contact can be realized, namely the online detection of the phase selection switching-on and switching-off performance of the vacuum switch is realized, one detection system can cover the range of hundreds of meters of radius, the dependence on equipment can be reduced, and the method can be popularized in large batch and is economical and applicable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the contact gap re-breakdown and the UHF detection signal of the vacuum switch.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications without inventive contribution to the present embodiment as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The invention provides an on-line detection method for phase selection, breaking and heavy breakdown of a vacuum switch, which comprises the following steps,
s1: collecting electromagnetic wave signals in the area around the vacuum switch within a period of time after the vacuum switch receives the control signals;
s2: shaping the collected electromagnetic wave signals, wherein the shaping processing mode comprises filtering and amplifying;
s3: acquiring the characteristics of the shaped electromagnetic wave signals;
s4: comparing the acquired electromagnetic wave signal characteristics with the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics;
s5: if the comparison result meets the preset condition, judging that the problem of repeated breakdown exists when the phase selection of the vacuum switch corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal is disconnected, and outputting the judgment result.
In the above step, the value of the period of time is greater than or equal to 0ms and less than or equal to 20 ms. The surrounding area is an area with the vacuum switch as the center and the radius of R which is less than or equal to 100 m. The reference electromagnetic wave signal is characterized in that the electromagnetic wave signal in the surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown is extracted in advance, and the frequency collection range of the electromagnetic wave is 300,3000 MHz, namely, ultrahigh frequency (UHF) electromagnetic waves are collected.
Specifically, the characteristics of the obtained shaped electromagnetic wave signal and the reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics include waveform characteristics or waveform parameter characteristics, or a combination of the two.
If the obtained characteristics of the shaped electromagnetic wave signals only comprise waveform characteristics, waveform characteristic data of the electromagnetic wave signals in the surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown all the time are obtained in advance, and a characteristic identification model is constructed through a deep learning algorithm. And substituting the acquired waveform characteristic data of the electromagnetic wave signal into a pre-acquired characteristic recognition model to obtain a comparison result.
If the obtained characteristics of the shaped electromagnetic wave signals only comprise waveform parameter characteristics, the waveform parameter characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signals in the surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown are counted in advance, and the range of the interval where the waveform parameter characteristics are located is determined.
The waveform parameter characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signals comprise amplitude and frequency (obtained through a reference model established by the waveform characteristics), after the amplitude and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signals in the surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown all the time are counted, the average amplitude and the average frequency are obtained, and plus or minus 20 percent is used as the upper limit and the lower limit of the interval on the basis of the average amplification and the average frequency. If the amplitude and the frequency of the obtained shaped electromagnetic wave signal can fall into the interval, the problem of heavy breakdown exists when the vacuum switch corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal is selected to be switched on and off.
If the characteristics of the shaped electromagnetic wave signal comprise waveform characteristics and waveform parameter characteristics, the phase selection switching-on/off performance of the vacuum switch corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal can be judged to have problems only if the two judgment conditions are met. The waveform characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signal are shown in fig. 1.
The invention also provides an online detection system for the phase selection, the disconnection and the re-breakdown of the vacuum switch, and uses an online detection method for the phase selection, the disconnection and the re-breakdown of the vacuum switch, which comprises an electromagnetic wave signal acquisition antenna, a filter shaping circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a first integrated circuit and a second integrated circuit (the first integrated circuit and the second integrated circuit can be the same integrated circuit).
And the electromagnetic wave signal acquisition antenna is used for acquiring the electromagnetic wave signals in the area around the vacuum switch within a period of time after the control signal is received from the vacuum switch.
And the filtering and shaping circuit is used for shaping the acquired electromagnetic wave signals, filtering noise and amplifying waveforms.
And the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is arranged between the filtering and shaping circuit and the first integrated circuit and is used for converting the electromagnetic wave signals subjected to filtering and shaping into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the first integrated circuit.
And the first integrated circuit is used for receiving the information of the filtered and shaped electromagnetic wave signals and extracting the characteristics from the information by calculation.
And the second integrated circuit is used for comparing the features extracted by the first integrated circuit with the features pre-stored in the first integrated circuit and outputting a comparison result to the outside.
Claims (8)
1. The on-line detection method for the phase selection breaking and heavy breakdown of the vacuum switch is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
collecting electromagnetic wave signals in the area around the vacuum switch within a period of time after the vacuum switch receives the control signals;
shaping the collected electromagnetic wave signals;
acquiring the characteristics of the shaped electromagnetic wave signals;
comparing the acquired electromagnetic wave signal characteristics with the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics;
if the comparison result meets the preset condition, judging that the phase selection on-off performance of the vacuum switch corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal has a problem;
the period of time is more than 0ms and less than or equal to 20 ms;
the peripheral area is an area with the vacuum switch as the center and the radius of R which is less than or equal to 100 m;
the reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristic is an electromagnetic wave signal extracted in advance from the surrounding area when the vacuum switch is subjected to re-breakdown.
2. The on-line detection method for the phase selection breaking and re-breaking of the vacuum switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaping processing of the detected electromagnetic wave signal comprises filtering and amplification.
3. The on-line detection method for the phase selection, disconnection and re-breakdown of the vacuum switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency collection range of the electromagnetic wave is [300,3000] MHz.
4. The on-line detection method for the phase selection, breaking and re-breaking of the vacuum switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the characteristics of the obtained shaped electromagnetic wave signal and the reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics comprise waveform characteristics and/or waveform parameter characteristics.
5. The on-line detection method for the phase selection, the disconnection and the re-breakdown of the vacuum switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-obtained reference electromagnetic wave signal features are that a feature recognition model is built through a deep learning algorithm by utilizing waveform feature data of the electromagnetic wave signals in the surrounding area when the re-breakdown occurs according to the history of the vacuum switch; the step of comparing the acquired electromagnetic wave signal characteristics with the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics is to bring the acquired waveform characteristic data of the electromagnetic wave signal into a pre-acquired characteristic recognition model to obtain a comparison result.
6. The on-line detection method for the phase selection on-off re-breakdown of the vacuum switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-obtained reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics are waveform parameter characteristic intervals determined according to the statistical waveform parameter characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signal in the surrounding area when the re-breakdown occurs, and the waveform parameter characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signal comprise amplitude and frequency; the comparison of the acquired electromagnetic wave signal characteristics with the pre-acquired reference electromagnetic wave signal characteristics is to judge whether the amplitude and the frequency of the acquired electromagnetic wave signal fall within a waveform parameter characteristic interval of the electromagnetic wave signal obtained by statistics in advance and output a judgment result.
7. An on-line detection system for phase selection breaking heavy breakdown of a vacuum switch, using the on-line detection method for phase selection breaking heavy breakdown of a vacuum switch as claimed in claims 1-6, characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
the electromagnetic wave signal acquisition antenna is used for acquiring the electromagnetic wave signals in the area around the vacuum switch within a period of time after the control signal is received from the vacuum switch;
the filter shaping circuit is used for shaping the collected electromagnetic wave signals, filtering noise and amplifying waveforms;
the first integrated circuit is used for receiving the filtered and shaped electromagnetic wave signal information and extracting features from the electromagnetic wave signal information through calculation;
and the second integrated circuit is used for comparing the features extracted by the first integrated circuit with the features pre-stored in the first integrated circuit and outputting a comparison result to the outside.
8. The on-line detection system for the phase selection, breaking and re-breaking of the vacuum switch as recited in claim 7, further comprising an analog-to-digital conversion circuit disposed between the filter shaping circuit and the first integrated circuit for converting the filtered and shaped electromagnetic wave signal into a digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the first integrated circuit.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101523692A (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-09-02 | 株式会社东芝 | Breaker open/closure control system |
| CN104331060A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2015-02-04 | 平高集团有限公司 | Circuit breaker phase selection controller phase selection switch-on and switch-off precision test system and method |
| CN106680701A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-17 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Circuit breaker re-ignition phenomenon detection device and method |
| CN110514994A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-29 | 甘书宇 | A kind of high-voltage AC breaker is restriked the method for on-line monitoring |
| US20200191855A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-18 | S&C Electric Company | Triggered vacuum gap fault detection methods and devices |
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- 2020-09-01 CN CN202010902628.6A patent/CN112067951A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101523692A (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-09-02 | 株式会社东芝 | Breaker open/closure control system |
| CN104331060A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2015-02-04 | 平高集团有限公司 | Circuit breaker phase selection controller phase selection switch-on and switch-off precision test system and method |
| CN106680701A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-17 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Circuit breaker re-ignition phenomenon detection device and method |
| US20200191855A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-18 | S&C Electric Company | Triggered vacuum gap fault detection methods and devices |
| CN110514994A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-29 | 甘书宇 | A kind of high-voltage AC breaker is restriked the method for on-line monitoring |
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