CN112066251B - 一种基于锥壳的固定内支撑及具有其的低温容器 - Google Patents
一种基于锥壳的固定内支撑及具有其的低温容器 Download PDFInfo
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- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于锥壳的固定内支撑及具有其的低温容器,属于低温容器技术领域。固定内支撑由两个锥壳件组成,锥壳件由一个锥壳、一个加强环和一块厚板连接而成,锥壳的小端由厚板封闭,厚板上设有通气孔,锥壳的大端与加强环连接;所述两个锥壳件的厚板固定连接在一起,两个锥壳件的大端分别连接外容器和内容器。本发明采用薄壁锥壳结构,占用空间小,尤其适用于小型低温容器,在保证结构强度的同时能够明显减小低温容器的结构漏热,尤其是,避免了不同材料的热膨胀系数差异带来的配合间隙和热应力问题,具有较高的工作可靠性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于低温液化气体储罐的锥壳式固定内支撑,用于连接低温液化气体储罐内容器和外容器,属于低温容器技术领域。
背景技术
甲烷、氧、氮、氢、氦等气体经过液化,液态体积远远小于气态体积,因此,从储能密度来看,低温液态储运是一种十分理想的方式。
为了减少漏热和低温液态介质的蒸发损失,低温液化气体储罐通常采用内容器和外容器组成的双层结构,内外容器之间是真空夹层,使用高真空多层绝热方式,内外容器通过内支撑结构连接。内支撑结构既要能承受液体重量、储罐重量以及相应的惯性载荷,还必须尽可能减少本身产生的漏热,所以内支撑设计是低温储罐结构设计的核心。
内支撑结构分为轴向内支撑和径向内支撑两大类。径向内支撑位于内外容器的筒体之间,包括绝热垫块、吊杆和吊链等形式,一般用于LNG、液氧、液氮储罐;轴向内支撑位于内外容器的封头之间,在对绝热性能要求高的液氢、液氦储罐中,一般只使用轴向内支撑。
通常,低温液化气体储罐的轴向内支撑由一个固定内支撑和一个滑动内支撑组成,共同承担来自内容器及介质的重力载荷和惯性载荷。相对来说,固定内支撑承载更高,它不仅要承担来自内容器及介质的垂直载荷和侧向载荷,还要单独承担来自内容器的轴向载荷。
低温液化气体储罐的轴向固定内支撑结构有以下三类:
(1)基于玻璃钢绝热的固定支撑。以专利ZL00216678.X为例,如附图1所示,固定内支撑由金属构件和玻璃钢构件组成,绝热主要依赖于玻璃钢材料本身较低的热传导系数。该支撑的缺点是:玻璃钢热膨胀系数明显大于金属,且各项异性,在低温下易产生配合间隙或热应力。
(2)基于金属叠片的固定支撑。以美国NBS公司用于液氢航空运输的840L液氢杜瓦车为例,如附图2所示,固定内支撑完全由金属构件制成,绝热主要依赖于金属叠片绝热支撑。金属叠片绝热支撑由大量的极薄金属叠片复合而成,利用金属叠片之间的接触热阻,形成与玻璃钢相当的隔热能力,而强度几乎不受影响,且不存在热膨胀系数不一致的问题。该支撑的缺点是:金属叠片制作难度和成本较高,不适合推广普及场合。
(3)基于同心套管的固定支撑。以专利ZL201810336146.1为例,如附图3所示,固定内支撑由直径不同的多根薄壁金属管同心套合而成,绝热主要依赖于多个薄壁金属件形成的热桥。该支撑的缺点是:套管为细长形,承载能力弱,变形大,易形成热短路。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种基于锥壳的固定内支撑及具有其的低温容器,内支撑通过薄壁锥壳结构来控制漏热,结构简单,且避免了不同材料间热膨胀系数不同带来的配合间隙和热应力问题。
一种基于锥壳的固定内支撑,该固定内支撑由两个薄壁锥壳件组成,所述薄壁锥壳件由一个锥壳、一个加强环和一块厚板连接而成,锥壳的小端由厚板封闭,厚板上设有通气孔,锥壳的大端与加强环连接;所述两个薄壁锥壳件的厚板固定连接在一起,两个薄壁锥壳件的大端分别连接外容器和内容器。
进一步地,所述锥壳顶角的取值范围为5°~90°。
进一步地,所述两个薄壁锥壳件的相邻厚板之间为固定连接,可采用焊接、紧固连接、凹凸表面嵌入配合等多种方式进行连接。
进一步地,所述锥壳件的厚板之间可增设辅助结构。
进一步地,所述辅助结构可以由玻璃钢制成提高热阻,或金属制成引入冷量。
进一步地,所述锥壳件与外容器封头和内容器封头直接或通过转接结构进行连接。
进一步地,所述固定内支撑的外表面覆盖绝热材料,固定内支撑的内腔填充绝热材料,绝热材料优选为真空多层绝热材料、玻璃棉、岩棉和膨胀珍珠岩等。
进一步地,所述固定内支撑采用一次成形的增材制造。
一种具有固定内支撑的低温容器,包括外容器、内容器、固定内支撑、滑动内支撑、转接环和封口盖;所述外容器和内容器的一端通过固定内支撑进行相对固定,外容器和内容器的另一端通过滑动内支撑连接,实现内容器与外容器的相对滑动;固定内支撑的一端与外容器上的封头固定连接,另一端与内容器上的封头固定连接,固定内支撑与外容器上的转接环连接,转接环配有封口盖,作为低温液化气体储罐的真空封口。
进一步地,所述固定内支撑和内容器之间设计转接结构来减小外容器的轴向长度,所述转接结构由设置在内容器上的内凹筒体和封头组成,固定内支撑部分通过内凹筒体嵌入内容器中。
有益效果:
1、本发明的薄壁锥壳件采用了薄壁结构来控制漏热,不依赖非金属材料的绝热性能,避免了不同材料间热膨胀系数差异带来的配合间隙、热应力等一系列问题。
2、本发明的固定内支撑采用成对的薄壁锥壳件,两端截面大,中段截面小,占用空间小,尤其适用于小型低温容器,在保证结构强度的同时能够明显减小结构漏热。此外,薄壁锥壳件的外表和内部都可以设置真空多层绝热被等绝热结构,两个薄壁锥壳件的厚板之间还可以增设辅助结构,为其他成熟绝热技术的应用提供途径。
3、本发明的制造难度不大,适合批量生产,具有广阔的应用和推广前景。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的基于玻璃钢绝热的固定支撑结构示意图;
图2为现有技术的基于金属叠片的固定支撑结构示意图;
图3为现有技术的基于同心套管的固定支撑结构示意图;
图4为本发明锥壳件的结构示意图;
图5为本发明基于锥壳的固定内支撑结构示意图;
图6为固定内支撑的弯矩图;
图7为具有锥壳固定内支撑的低温液化气体储罐;
图8为采用螺栓组紧固连接两个锥壳件的示意图;
图9为锥壳件之间增设玻璃钢的结构示意图;
图10为外形尺寸不受限时的低温液化气体储罐;
图11为外形尺寸受限时的低温液化气体储罐;
其中,1-锥壳、2-加强环、3-厚板、4-通气孔、5-锥壳件、6-锥壳件、7-外容器、8-内容器、9-固定内支撑、10-转接环、11-封口盖、12-滑动内支撑、13-玻璃钢、14-鞍式支座、15-转接结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并举实施例,对本发明进行详细描述。
本发明提供了一种基于锥壳的固定内支撑,固定内支撑由两个锥壳件组成。单个的锥壳件如图4所示。它由锥壳1、加强环2和厚板3连接而成,锥壳1的顶角α值范围为5°~90°,锥壳1的大端连接有加强环2,锥壳1的小端连接有厚板3。锥壳件开有通气孔4,通气孔4宜设置在厚板3上。
如图5所示,固定内支撑由锥壳件5和锥壳件6组成,锥壳件5和锥壳件6小端的厚板相邻,并且是固定连接,具体连接方式可以是焊接,也可以是螺栓组紧固连接;两厚板的端面间可以设置玻璃钢或金属制成的辅助结构;锥壳件5与外容器7固定连接,可直接与外容器封头连接,也可通过转接结构与外容器封头连接;锥壳件6与内容器8固定连接,可直接与内容器封头连接,也可通过转接结构与内容器封头连接。在垂直向下的重力或惯性载荷作用下,锥壳件5承受来自外容器7的向上力F,锥壳件6承受来自内容器8的向下力F。因为内外容器的刚度远大于两个锥壳件,且内外容器的轴线相互平行,所以,由两个锥壳件组成的固定支撑服从“一端固支、另一端转角为零”的梁模型。根据该模型,锥壳件5承受来自外容器7的弯矩M,锥壳件6承受来自内容器8的弯矩M,且M=FL/2。
如图6所示,在上述力和弯矩作用下,固定内支撑的不同截面承受不同的弯矩,在支撑的两端,弯矩达到最大值,而在支撑的中部,弯矩达到最小值,接近于零。
在垂直向下的载荷作用下,固定内支撑中部的承载明显小于其两端。本发明提出的锥壳式固定内支撑具有变截面的特点,两端大,中间小,符合固定内支撑承载的特点,能更充分地利用结构强度。
如图7所示,本发明还提供了一种具有上述固定内支撑结构的低温液化气体储罐,其中,固定内支撑9的一端与外容器7的封头固定连接,另一端与内容器8的封头固定连接,实现内容器8相对于外容器7左端的相对固定;固定内支撑9与外容器上的转接环10连接,转接环10配有封口盖11,作为低温液化气体储罐的真空封口;与固定内支撑9配套使用的是滑动内支撑12,它可以实现内容器8与外容器7右端的相对滑动,从而避免热胀冷缩产生明显的热应力。
固定内支撑实施例一:
如图8所示,固定内支撑的两个套锥之间采用凹凸面和螺栓组紧固相结合的连接方式,这种连接方式比较可靠,而且方便装配制造。
固定内支撑实施例二:
在固定内支撑实施例一的基础上,在两个套锥的结合面之间可以增设其他结构,引入其他成熟的绝热技术,例如设置玻璃钢13,如图9所示,这样,可以进一步减少结构漏热。
低温液化气体储罐实施例一:
在低温液化气体储罐外形尺寸没有限制的情况下,固定内支撑可以直接和内容器固定连接,外容器依靠鞍式支座14支撑于地面或其他设备上,如图10所示。这样,内容器壁厚较薄,制造难度小,制造成本低。
低温液化气体储罐实施例二:
对于移动式低温液化气体储罐来说,通常有储罐外形尺寸的限制。此时,可以在固定内支撑和内容器之间设计转接结构15,它由一个小筒体和一个小封头组成,如图11所示,这样可以使固定内支撑部分嵌入内容器中,明显减小外容器的轴向长度。不过,内容器封头上开了大孔,需要补强,封头壁厚较厚,制造成本相应提高。
上述实例中,低温液化气体储罐支座结构均以鞍座为例,但本专利同样适用于使用其他容器支座的低温罐式集装箱、低温罐车等。
综上所述,以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种基于锥壳的固定内支撑,其特征在于,该固定内支撑由两个锥壳件组成,所述锥壳件由一个锥壳、一个加强环和一块厚板连接而成,锥壳的小端由厚板封闭,厚板上设有通气孔,锥壳的大端与加强环连接;所述两个锥壳件的厚板固定连接在一起,两个锥壳件的大端分别连接外容器和内容器;所述固定内支撑的外表面覆盖绝热材料,固定内支撑的内腔填充绝热材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于锥壳的固定内支撑,其特征在于,所述锥壳顶角的取值范围为5°~90°。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的基于锥壳的固定内支撑,其特征在于,所述两个锥壳件的相邻厚板为固定连接,固定连接方式包括焊接、紧固连接或凹凸表面嵌入配合。
4.如权利要求3所述的基于锥壳的固定内支撑,其特征在于,所述厚板之间设置辅助结构。
5.如权利要求4所述的基于锥壳的固定内支撑,其特征在于,所述辅助结构可以由玻璃钢制成提高热阻,或金属制成引入冷量。
6.如权利要求5所述的基于锥壳的固定内支撑,其特征在于,所述锥壳件与外容器封头和内容器封头直接或通过转接结构进行连接。
7.一种具有权利要求1-6任一项固定内支撑的低温容器,其特征在于,所述低温容器包括外容器、内容器、固定内支撑、滑动内支撑、转接环和封口盖;所述外容器和内容器的一端通过固定内支撑进行相对固定,外容器和内容器的另一端通过滑动内支撑连接,实现内容器与外容器的相对滑动;固定内支撑的一端与外容器上的封头固定连接,另一端与内容器上的封头固定连接,固定内支撑与外容器上的转接环连接,转接环配有封口盖,作为低温液化气体储罐的真空封口。
8.如权利要求7所述的低温容器,其特征在于,所述固定内支撑和内容器之间设计转接结构来减小外容器的轴向长度,所述转接结构由设置在内容器上的内凹筒体和封头组成,固定内支撑部分通过内凹筒体嵌入内容器中。
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