CN112063856B - Side-blown furnace for nickel-containing sludge treatment, flue gas treatment system and treatment method - Google Patents
Side-blown furnace for nickel-containing sludge treatment, flue gas treatment system and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a side-blown converter and flue gas treatment system and method for treating nickel-containing sludge, which comprises a furnace body with an inner cavity, wherein the furnace body is sequentially divided into a furnace cylinder section, a furnace body section and a furnace top section from bottom to top, the furnace body section is provided with a slag discharge port, the furnace cylinder section is provided with a siphon port, the furnace body section is sequentially divided into a first furnace body section, a second furnace body section and a third furnace body section from bottom to top, the side wall of the third furnace body section is provided with a chute for adding materials and an upper air nozzle for blowing oxygen-enriched gas and/or fuel gas into the furnace body, and the side wall of the first furnace body section is provided with a lower air nozzle for blowing oxygen-enriched gas and/or fuel gas into the furnace body. When the side-blown converter is used for treating nickel-containing sludge, the problem of blockage of discharge ports such as a siphon port and the like is not needed to be worried about, the side-blown converter has good equipment stability, and the maintenance cost is favorably reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a side-blown converter for treating nickel-containing sludge, a flue gas treatment system and a treatment method of nickel-containing sludge, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive recovery of nonferrous metals.
Background
The nickel-containing sludge mainly comes from the industries of metal smelting, electroplating, chemical production and the like, China can generate a large amount of nickel-containing sewage every year, a large amount of nickel-containing sludge can be generated after precipitation treatment, a large amount of heavy metal elements such as Ni, Cu, Cr and the like exist in the sludge, secondary pollution can be generated if the sludge is not treated properly, and great influence is caused on the ecological environment and the human health. The nickel-containing sludge is piled up for a long time, can seriously pollute underground water and soil, and is absorbed and gathered by plants, so that a local ecological system is seriously damaged. A large amount of various heavy metals are lost in the nickel-containing sludge every year in China, so that great resource waste is caused. Therefore, scientific measures are taken to treat the nickel-containing sludge generated in various industries, so that the damage to the environment and the influence on the health of human bodies are reduced, heavy metals such as copper, nickel and the like are recovered, the waste of resources is reduced, and the resources are reasonably and fully utilized.
The main treatment methods of nickel-containing sludge at present comprise solidification/stabilization technology, thermochemical treatment technology, sea filling and stacking, microbiological treatment technology, heavy metal recovery technology, material technology and the like, and the prior art can treat the nickel-containing sludge, but has the defects that valuable metals cannot be comprehensively utilized or the technical operation difficulty is high. Therefore, how to adopt an effective method to effectively recycle valuable metals in the nickel-containing sludge and effectively treat the flue gas in an environment-friendly way is a problem to be solved at present.
CN104342556A discloses a method for extracting copper or nickel from sludge containing copper or nickel, comprising drying sludge containing copper or nickel; preparing materials, mixing and pelletizing; sintering, cooling and crushing the mixture; screening a finished product; side-blown smelting; copper or nickel block casting. The PLC control system is adopted to automatically control the batching, drying, sintering workshop and the like in the production process, so that the number of operators at production posts is reduced, and the process is relatively complex because the raw materials need to be pelletized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a side-blown converter for nickel-containing sludge treatment, so as to realize stable treatment of nickel-containing sludge; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a flue gas treatment system based on the side-blown converter; the invention also aims to provide a treatment method of nickel-containing sludge so as to realize environment-friendly and resource treatment of the nickel-containing sludge and solve the problem that the nickel-containing sludge cannot be utilized in an environment-friendly manner in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the side-blown converter for treating the nickel-containing sludge comprises a furnace body with an inner cavity, wherein the furnace body is sequentially divided into a furnace cylinder section, a furnace body section and a furnace top section from bottom to top, the furnace body section is provided with a slag discharge port, and the furnace cylinder section is provided with a siphon port; the furnace body section is sequentially divided into a first furnace body section, a second furnace body section and a third furnace body section from bottom to top, a chute for adding materials and an upper air nozzle for blowing oxygen-enriched gas and/or fuel gas into the furnace body are arranged on the side wall of the third furnace body section, a lower air nozzle for blowing oxygen-enriched gas and/or fuel gas into the furnace body is arranged on the side wall of the first furnace body section, and the distance between the lower air nozzle and the inner bottom surface of the furnace cylinder section is 0.8-1 m; the length L2 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the furnace body section is more than 3m, and the width W2 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the first furnace body section is 2.2-2.4 m.
According to the invention, the size of the inner cavity of the furnace body section is changed from 1.6 multiplied by 3m to 2.2-2.4 multiplied by 3m, so that the depth of the furnace body section can be reduced, and the volume of the furnace body section can be ensured to be unchanged. The distance from the lower tuyere to the inner bottom of the hearth section is changed from the traditional 1.2m to 0.8-1m, and the aim is to shorten the distance D2 between the lower tuyere and the material from 0.8-1m to 0.5-0.8 m. The applicant finds that nickel-containing sludge is easy to sinter in the smelting process, and oxygen-enriched gas is difficult to enter the bottom of a hearth section to effectively react due to the fact that a tuyere of a conventional furnace body is high, so that bottom of hazardous waste is easy to be solidified in the roasting process, and damage of the hearth section and blockage of a siphon suction port or a slag discharge port are caused. Therefore, the cross section area of the furnace body section is increased, the distance between the blast nozzle and the bottom in the furnace hearth section is reduced while the size of the furnace body section is ensured, materials can fully react with oxygen-enriched gas entering from the blast nozzle, the smelting efficiency is improved, metal at the bottom is not easy to be dead and blocks a siphon inlet, the side-blown furnace has better equipment stability during smelting dangerous waste, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Further, the inner wall of the furnace top section is made of heat insulation materials; or, the inner wall of the furnace top section is provided with a heat insulation layer, optionally, the heat insulation layer is built by high-aluminum heat insulation bricks, and generally, the high-aluminum heat insulation bricks can resist the high temperature of 1400 ℃ and meet the heat insulation requirement.
Generally, the furnace top section of the conventional side-blown furnace is of a brick structure, the heat preservation effect is poor, the flue gas is cooled too early and cannot reach the decomposition temperature of the dioxin, so that the dioxin cannot be decomposed and removed in a furnace cavity, adsorption treatment or secondary combustion treatment needs to be carried out in a subsequent process, and the treatment cost is greatly increased. According to the invention, the top section of the side-blown converter is made of the heat insulation material or the heat insulation material is arranged on the inner wall of the top section of the side-blown converter, so that the temperature of the flue gas generated after smelting in the inner cavity of the top section of the side-blown converter can reach above 850 ℃, and thus, a place for decomposing dioxin is formed in the inner cavity of the top section of the side-blown converter, the full decomposition of the flue gas is ensured, and the emission of dioxin is solved from the source.
Further, the height H1 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the roof section is 3-5m, further 4-5 m. The method ensures that the flue gas stays in the inner cavity of the furnace top for more than 2 seconds by increasing the height of the furnace top section; when the smoke containing the dioxin passes through the area, the smoke containing the dioxin has sufficient time to be heated and decomposed into harmless gas.
Further, the length L1 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the furnace top section is 2-4m, and the width W1 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the furnace top section is 2-4 m.
Further, the slag discharge port is arranged on the first furnace body section.
Furthermore, the number of the upper air nozzles and the lower air nozzles is respectively multiple. Generally, natural gas and oxygen-enriched gas (such as oxygen) can be introduced through the lower tuyere, and only air is introduced through the upper tuyere. The lower air nozzle is filled with air which is mainly used for providing a heat source, and the upper air nozzle is filled with air to promote complete combustion.
When the side-blown converter operates, hazardous waste materials containing copper and nickel enter from the chute, oxygen-enriched gas is introduced from the upper air nozzle and the lower air nozzle, the materials are subjected to high-temperature oxygen-enriched smelting to generate a copper-nickel liquid phase, the copper-nickel liquid phase is discharged from the siphon port, a slag phase is discharged from the slag discharge port, smoke is discharged upwards, the smoke enters an inner cavity of the top section of the converter, dioxin stays for more than 2S in the area, and the treated harmless gas enters the smoke recovery device.
The flue gas treatment system based on the side-blown converter comprises an SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration device, a spray quenching tower, a dust collecting device, a desulfurization tower, a demisting device and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device which are sequentially connected in series; an activated carbon injection device and a calcium hydroxide injection device are arranged on a pipeline between the spray quenching tower and the dust collection device; the SNCR denitration device is arranged at a flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter.
The treatment method of the nickel-containing sludge comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the nickel-containing sludge to be treated to obtain the nickel-containing sludge with the water content not higher than 30 wt%;
s2, mixing the reducing agent, the sulfonium making agent, the fusing agent, the additive and the nickel-containing sludge obtained in the S1 according to the mass ratio of 5-30:10-30:10-20:1-20:100 to obtain a mixture;
wherein the reducing agent comprises one or more of active carbon, pulverized coal and coke; the sulfonium making agent comprises pyrite and/or sulfur, preferably pyrite; the flux is formed by mixing quartz stone and limestone according to the mass ratio of 3-5: 1; the additive is sodium thiosulfate;
s3, feeding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into the side-blown converter, smelting, discharging slag phase through a slag discharge port, and discharging copper-nickel phase through a siphon port;
wherein the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1000-1400 ℃.
According to the invention, the reducing agent is used for providing a heat source, and plays a role in assisting in vulcanization in the matte making process, and the C is added to participate in the vulcanization reaction of nickel oxide in the nickel-containing sludge, so that the nickel vulcanization is easier to carry out, and the generation amount of sulfur dioxide is reduced. However, the addition of the coke needs to be controlled within a certain range, and when the amount of the coke is too large, nickel oxide is reduced to metallic nickel, while when the amount of the coke is too small, the effect of promoting the sulfidation of nickel oxide is not achieved, so that the amount of the reducing agent is 5 to 30wt% of the nickel-containing sludge. The sulfur-making agent is used as a main sulfur source in the matte smelting process, so that the waste of resources is caused, the smelting difficulty and the energy consumption are increased, and if the sulfur-making agent is too little, the sulfur source in the system is too little, and the recovery rate is reduced. The flux is mainly used for slagging, reduces the nickel content in the slag phase and increases the recovery rate. The main purpose of the sodium salt of the additive is to reduce the melting point of the system, increase the fluidity of the system and facilitate the aggregation of the metal sulfide.
Further, in S1, the nickel-containing sludge to be treated is subjected to low-temperature drying treatment. Furthermore, a steam drier is used for drying, and steam is generated by a waste heat boiler. Preferably, the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃.
Further, in S2, the mass ratio of the reducing agent, the sulfonium making agent, the flux, the additive and the nickel-containing sludge is 10-20:20-30:10-20:1-10: 100.
Further, in S3, the melting temperature is controlled to be 1000-1200 ℃.
Further, in S3, natural gas and oxygen-enriched air are blown into the furnace body through the lower tuyere, respectively, and the concentration of the oxygen-enriched air is 20 to 60vol%, preferably 20 to 40 vol%.
Further, in S3, introducing the flue gas generated by smelting into a flue gas treatment system for treatment, wherein the flue gas treatment system comprises an SNCR (selective non catalytic reduction) denitration device, a spray quenching tower, a dust collection device, a desulfurization tower, a demisting device and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device which are sequentially connected in series; an activated carbon injection device and a calcium hydroxide injection device are arranged on a pipeline between the spray quenching tower and the dust collection device; the SNCR denitration device is arranged at a flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter. Thus, the activated carbon injection device is used for supplying activated carbon powder into the pipeline, and the calcium hydroxide injection device is used for supplying calcium hydroxide powder into the pipeline. Therefore, after the smelting flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter, the smelting flue gas is sequentially treated by the equipment, and the denitration efficiency can reach over 90 percent, so that the requirement of standard emission is met.
In order to further improve the denitration efficiency, a flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter is communicated with a gas inlet of the waste heat boiler; the SNCR denitration device comprises a reducing agent storage bin and an SNCR denitration spray gun; and an SNCR denitration spray gun is arranged on a water-cooled wall of the waste heat boiler and is used for spraying the reducing agent in the reducing agent storage bin into the flue gas. Therefore, after the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to be not lower than 500 ℃ by the waste heat boiler, the flue gas enters the spray quenching tower and crosses the synthesis temperature of the dioxin, and the generation of the dioxin is avoided or reduced.
Preferably, the SCR denitration device comprises a flue gas heat exchanger, a flue gas heater and an SCR denitration device which are sequentially connected in series; and the gas outlet pipeline of the SCR denitrator passes through the flue gas heat exchanger.
Further, when the flue gas that generates in the smelting process passes through the furnace roof section, dioxin in the flue gas is decomposed, and further, after the waste heat utilization of waste heat boiler accessible flue gas, discharge to reach standard is handled through flue gas processing system.
Because the nickel-containing sludge has low nickel grade, large slag amount and complex occurrence condition, the metals in the sludge are more efficiently enriched, the sodium salt is added to generate soda slag, the melting point and the density of the slag are reduced, the viscosity of the slag is reduced, the fluidity of the slag is improved, and the valuable metals in the materials are more easily separated, so that the nickel content in the slag is reduced, and the recovery rate of nickel is increased. In addition, the sulfur in the sodium thiosulfate can also play the role of a vulcanizing agent in the roasting process.
The main reactions in the smelting process of the invention are as follows:
(1) oxidation-reduction reaction:
2NiO+FeS 2 +C=Ni 2 S+FeS+CO
Ni 2 S +FeS 2 =2NiS+FeS
CuO+FeS 2 +C=Cu 2 S+FeS+CO
Cu 2 S +FeS 2 =2CuS+FeS
2CO+O 2 =2CO 2
(2) slagging reaction
CaO+SiO 2 =CaO·SiO 2
MgO+SiO 2 =MgO·SiO 2
FeO+SiO 2 =FeO·SiO 2 。
Because the components in the nickel-containing sludge are complex, and the generated flue gas contains more oxysulfide and nitric oxide, the flue gas generated by S3 can adopt a combined desulfurization and denitrification system of SNCR and SCR methods, firstly, the flue gas is subjected to first denitrification treatment by adopting an SCNR (selective catalytic reduction) technology, the denitrification efficiency is 40-70%, the denitrified flue gas is cooled to be not lower than 500 ℃ through the utilization of waste heat of a waste heat boiler, enters a spray quenching tower and is fully contacted with atomized water or lime slurry sprayed from a cooling spray gun. The atomized water is contacted with the high-temperature flue gas and quickly evaporated to absorb a large amount of heat, and the high-temperature flue gas is quickly cooled to the temperature of less than 200 ℃, so that a dioxin synthesis area is avoided. The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the quenching tower is lower than 200 ℃, the flue gas at the outlet of the quenching tower is connected with a cloth bag dust collector through a smoke tube, a calcium hydroxide injection device and an active carbon injection device are arranged between the quenching tower and the cloth bag dust collector for dry deacidification, calcium hydroxide is used as a dry deacidification agent, an active carbon injection system ensures that the active carbon and the flue gas are uniformly mixed, the efficient adsorption effect is achieved, and the active carbon is coal or wood. The flue gas passes through the bag dust collector, and the smoke and dust is carried to the smoke and dust warehouse through buried scraper blade after being collected by the ash bucket. And the residual flue gas sequentially enters a wet desulphurization system and a wet electric demisting system through a draught fan, and finally enters an SCR denitration system to be treated to obtain the flue gas which is discharged up to the standard. The SCR system consists of a GGH heat exchanger, an SGH heat exchanger and an SCR denitration device. Compared with the prior art, the method has the denitration efficiency of over 90 percent
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) when the side-blown converter is used for treating nickel-containing sludge, the problem of blockage of discharge ports such as a siphon port and the like is not needed to be worried about, the side-blown converter has good equipment stability, and the maintenance cost is favorably reduced.
2) After being dried, the nickel sludge is mixed with the additive and the fusing agent, so that pelletizing treatment is not needed, and the treatment process is simplified.
3) The nickel-containing sludge is directly subjected to oxygen-enriched side blowing to produce matte, and compared with a ferronickel process, the energy consumption is lower.
4) Dioxin can be directly decomposed in the heat preservation area, secondary combustion heating is not needed, and the treatment cost of dangerous waste containing copper and nickel is greatly reduced.
5) The smoke components can be discharged after being treated in the smoke treatment system, and the denitration efficiency reaches over 90 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the treatment of a nickel-containing sludge according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas treatment system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view (a view perpendicular to the length direction) of the structure of a side-blown furnace for nickel-containing sludge treatment according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a side-blown furnace for nickel-containing sludge treatment according to the present invention (a view perpendicular to the width direction thereof).
In the figure, 1, a hearth section; 2. A furnace body section; 21. a first shaft section; 22. a second shaft section; 23. a third shaft section; 24. a slag discharge port; 3. a roof section; 4. a chute; 5. an upper tuyere; 6. a lower tuyere; 7. a furnace base; 8. a support frame; 9. a copper-nickel-containing hazardous waste material layer; 10-a flue gas treatment system; 101-an SCR denitration device; 102-flue gas heat exchanger; 103-a flue gas heater; 104-an electric demister; 105-a desulfurization tower; 106-smoke warehouse; 107-induced draft fan; 108-a fan; 109-calcium hydroxide silo; 1010-feeding machine; 1011-bag dust collector; 1012-an active carbon bin; 1013-spray quench tower; 1014-SNCR denitration spray gun; 1015-side blown converter; 1016-reductant storage bin; 1017-exhaust-heat boiler; 11. a siphon mouth.
Detailed Description
The following description describes alternative embodiments of the invention to teach one of ordinary skill in the art how to make and use the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted for the purpose of teaching the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will fall within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
Example 1
The side-blown converter for treating the nickel-containing sludge comprises a furnace body with an inner cavity, wherein the furnace body is sequentially divided into a hearth section 1, a furnace body section 2 and a furnace top section 3 from bottom to top, the furnace body section 2 is provided with a slag discharge port 24, and the hearth section 1 is provided with a siphon port 11; the furnace body section 2 is sequentially divided into a first furnace body section 21, a second furnace body section 22 and a third furnace body section 23 from bottom to top, a chute 4 for adding materials and an upper air nozzle 5 for blowing oxygen-enriched gas and/or fuel gas into the furnace body are arranged on the side wall of the third furnace body section 23, a lower air nozzle 6 for blowing oxygen-enriched gas and/or fuel gas into the furnace body is arranged on the side wall of the first furnace body section 21, and the distance between the lower air nozzle 6 and the inner bottom surface of the furnace cylinder section 1 is 0.9 m; the length L2 of the corresponding inner cavity section of the furnace body section 2 is 3.5m, and the width W2 of the corresponding inner cavity section of the first furnace body section 21 is 2.3 m.
The inner wall of the furnace top section 3 is made of heat-insulating materials; or the inner wall of the furnace top section 3 is provided with a heat insulation layer.
The height H1 of the corresponding interior chamber section of the roof section 3 is 4 m.
The length L1 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the furnace top section 3 is 3m, and the width W1 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the furnace top section is 3 m.
The slag discharge port 24 is arranged on the first furnace body section 21.
The number of the upper air nozzles 5 and the number of the lower air nozzles 6 are respectively multiple.
The treatment method of the nickel-containing sludge comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the nickel-containing sludge to be treated to obtain the nickel-containing sludge with the water content of 26 wt%;
wherein the nickel content in the nickel-containing sludge is 10.4 wt%;
s2, mixing the reducing agent, the sulfonium making agent, the fusing agent, the additive and the nickel-containing sludge obtained in the S1 according to the mass ratio of 10:25:8:15:100 to obtain a mixture;
wherein the reducing agent is pulverized coal; the sulfonium making agent is pyrite; the flux is formed by mixing quartz stone and limestone according to the mass ratio of 5: 1; the additive is sodium thiosulfate;
s3, inputting the mixture obtained in the step S2 into the side-blown converter, introducing a mixture of 45vol% of oxygen-enriched gas and natural gas through a lower air nozzle, introducing air through an upper air nozzle, smelting, discharging a slag phase through a slag discharge port 24, and discharging a copper-nickel phase through a siphon suction port 11; treating the flue gas by a flue gas treatment system;
wherein the smelting temperature is controlled at 1200 ℃.
The flue gas treatment system is a smelting flue gas treatment system, and comprises a waste heat boiler 1017, a spray quenching tower 1013, a bag dust collector 1012, an induced draft fan 107, a wet desulphurization tower 105, an electric demister 104, a flue gas heat exchanger 102 (GGH), a flue gas heater 103 (SGH) and an SCR denitration device 101 which are connected in series in sequence as shown in FIG. 2. Wherein the dust collection chamber of the bag house 1012 is in communication with the dust bin 106. An activated carbon injection device and a calcium hydroxide injection device are arranged on a pipeline between the spray quenching tower 1013 and the bag dust collector 1012. Wherein the activated carbon is fed before and the calcium hydroxide is fed after. Specifically, the activated carbon spraying device comprises an activated carbon bin 1012, and the activated carbon in the activated carbon bin 1012 is conveyed into the screw feeder 1010 through the fan 108 and then conveyed into the pipeline. The calcium hydroxide spraying device comprises a calcium hydroxide bin 109, and calcium hydroxide in the calcium hydroxide bin 109 is sent into another screw feeder 1010 through another fan 108 and then sent into a pipeline.
An SNCR denitration spray gun 1014 is arranged on a water-cooled wall of the waste heat boiler 1017, and the SNCR denitration spray gun 1014 is used for spraying the reducing agent in the reducing agent storage bin 1016 into the flue gas.
And the flue gas from the side-blown converter enters a smelting flue gas treatment system, and can be discharged after treatment.
The flue gas treatment system mainly combines an SNCR method and an SCR method, urea aqueous solution with the concentration of about 10% is uniformly sprayed on a water-cooled wall in the temperature range of 950-1050 ℃ of the flue gas temperature of the waste heat boiler 1017 through an SNCR denitration spray gun 1014, the aim of removing and reducing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas is achieved through selective reduction of the urea and the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas, and the denitration efficiency is 40-70%.
Above-mentioned flue gas processing system mainly comprises injection apparatus, storage and conveyor, sets up the mouth that spouts 10 rifle 14 of SNCR denitration on the exhaust-heat boiler 1017, guarantees that the abundant of reductant adds. The flue gas in the waste heat boiler 1017 is cooled to be not lower than 500 ℃, enters the spray quenching tower 1013, and is fully contacted with atomized water or lime slurry sprayed from the cooling spray gun. The atomized water absorbs a large amount of heat because the high-temperature flue gas is heated and rapidly evaporated, and meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas is rapidly cooled to the temperature of less than 200 ℃, so that a dioxin synthesis interval is avoided. The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the spray quenching tower 1013 is lower than 200 ℃, the flue gas at the outlet of the spray quenching tower 1013 is connected with the cloth bag dust collector 1011 through a smoke tube, a calcium hydroxide injection device and an active carbon injection device are arranged between the spray quenching tower 1013 and the cloth bag dust collector 1011 for dry deacidification, calcium hydroxide is used as a dry deacidification agent, the active carbon injection system ensures that the active carbon and the flue gas are uniformly mixed, the efficient adsorption effect is achieved, and the active carbon is coal or wood. The flue gas passes through a bag dust collector 1011, and the flue dust is collected by an ash bucket and conveyed to a flue dust warehouse 106 through an embedded scraper. Flue gas after the dust removal gets into desulfurizing tower 105 through the draught fan and carries out the desulfurization, adopt sodium hydroxide to carry out wet flue gas desulfurization as alkali lye, get into rear end SCR denitrification facility 101 through electrostatic defogging and further get rid of the NOx in the flue gas, the flue gas that comes out from wet electric defogging gets into the GGH heat exchanger, improve the temperature to about 130 ℃, reentrant SGH heat exchanger carries out the heat transfer with saturated steam, improve the flue gas temperature to the reaction temperature who adapts to low temperature SCR catalyst, reentrant SCR system denitration, flue gas after the denitration carries out the GGH heat exchanger heat transfer with the flue gas of wet electric defogging export, reduce the temperature to discharge up to standard more than 135 ℃. When the NOx in the flue gas passes through the catalyst layer, the NOx in the flue gas and the reducing agent are subjected to selective reaction on the surface of the catalyst layer, so that the aim of further removing the NOx in the flue gas is fulfilled, and meanwhile, dioxin can be removed. The SCR denitration device mainly comprises the following components: a high-temperature flue gas/flue gas heat exchanger 102 (GGH), a steam/flue gas heater 103 (SGH), an SCR reactor 101 and the like, and the denitration efficiency can reach more than 90 percent.
The process flow of the flue gas treatment system is as follows: side-blown furnace flue gas → SNCR denitration → waste heat recovery → flue gas quench tower → dry deacidification, activated carbon adsorption → bag dust removal → induced draft fan → wet deacidification → wet electric demisting → GGH heat exchanger → flue gas heating SGH → SCR system → discharge after reaching standards.
The functional requirements of the flue gas treatment system are as follows: the waste heat is retrieved in the high temperature flue gas that oxygen boosting side blown smelting furnace produced gets into exhaust-heat boiler 1017, set up SNCR denitration spray gun (4 sets at least) on exhaust-heat boiler 1017's the vertical flue (the flue gas temperature interval is at 850~1100 ℃), exhaust-heat boiler falls the flue gas temperature to and is not less than 500 ℃ after the flue gas gets into the spraying quench tower, cross the synthetic temperature of dioxin, quench tower outlet temperature is less than 200 ℃, quench tower outlet flue gas passes through tobacco pipe and connects the sack dust collector, set up calcium hydroxide injection apparatus and active carbon injection apparatus between quench tower and the sack dust collector. Flue gas enters a flue gas desulfurization system after being dedusted by a bag dust collector, and the desulfurized flue gas enters an SCR denitration device after passing through an electric demister, a GGH heat exchanger and a flue gas heater SGH.
In this example, the recovery rate of nickel reached 93%. The flue gas is treated by a treatment system, and the content of dioxin is less than 0.1ng TEQ/Nm 3 The denitration rate reaches 97 percent, and the emission standard is reached.
Example 2
Example 1 is repeated, except that in this example, the nickel-containing sludge contains 8.7wt% of Ni, the dried nickel-containing sludge contains 28wt% of water, the mass ratio of the reducing agent, the sulfonium making agent, the flux, the additive and the nickel-containing sludge is 15:20:10:10-20:100, and the flux is formed by mixing quartz and lime in a mass ratio of 3.5: 1. And introducing 50% oxygen-enriched gas and natural gas into the mixed material at 1300 ℃ for smelting. In this example, the nickel recovery rate reached 89%. The flue gas is treated by a treatment system, the content of dioxin is less than 0.1ng TEQ/Nm3, the denitration rate reaches 97 percent, and the emission standard is reached.
Example 3
The example 1 is repeated, except that in the example, the nickel-containing sludge contains 7.5wt% of Ni, the dried nickel-containing sludge contains 29wt% of water, the mass ratio of the reducing agent, the sulfonium making agent, the flux, the additive and the nickel-containing sludge is 8:15:6:10-20:100, and the flux is formed by mixing quartz and lime according to the mass ratio of 3: 1. And introducing 50% oxygen-enriched gas and natural gas into the mixed material at 1300 ℃ for smelting. In this example, the recovery rate of nickel reached 83%. The flue gas is treated by a treatment system, the content of dioxin is less than 0.1ng TEQ/Nm3, the denitration rate reaches 94 percent, and the emission standard is reached.
Example 4
Example 1 is repeated, except that in this example, the nickel-containing sludge contains 9.2wt% of Ni, the dried nickel-containing sludge contains 30wt% of water, the reducing agent, the sulfonium making agent, the flux, the additive and the nickel-containing sludge are mixed according to the mass ratio of 15:30:10:10-20:100, and the flux is formed by mixing quartz and lime according to the mass ratio of 4: 1. In this example, the nickel recovery rate was 95%. The flue gas is treated by a treatment system, the content of dioxin is less than 0.1ng TEQ/Nm3, the denitration rate reaches 96 percent, and the emission standard is reached.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the following steps of treating nickel-containing sludge by using a conventional oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace, wherein the nickel-containing sludge contains 8.5wt% of Ni, the dried nickel-containing sludge contains 30wt% of water, a reducing agent, a sulfonium making agent, a flux, an additive and the nickel-containing sludge are mixed according to a mass ratio of 15:30:10:10-20:100, and the flux is formed by mixing quartz and lime according to a mass ratio of 3.5: 1. The mixed material is smelted by introducing 45% of oxygen-enriched gas and natural gas at 1200 ℃, and due to the fact that the amount of slag is too large, the material cannot be layered in a furnace chamber, and nickel matte cannot be discharged normally.
The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The side-blown converter for treating the nickel-containing sludge comprises a furnace body with an inner cavity, wherein the furnace body is sequentially divided into a furnace cylinder section (1), a furnace body section (2) and a furnace top section (3) from bottom to top, the furnace body section (2) is provided with a slag discharge port (24), and the furnace cylinder section (1) is provided with a siphon port (11); the furnace is characterized in that the furnace body section (2) is sequentially divided into a first furnace body section (21), a second furnace body section (22) and a third furnace body section (23) from bottom to top, a chute (4) for adding materials and an upper air nozzle (5) for blowing oxygen-enriched gas and/or fuel gas into the furnace body are arranged on the side wall of the third furnace body section (23), a lower air nozzle (6) for blowing oxygen-enriched gas and natural gas into the furnace body is arranged on the side wall of the first furnace body section (21), and the distance between the lower air nozzle (6) and the inner bottom surface of the furnace cylinder section (1) is 0.8-1 m; the length L2 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the furnace body section (2) is more than 3m, and the width W2 of the inner cavity section corresponding to the first furnace body section (21) is 2.2-2.4 m.
2. A side blown furnace according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the roof section (3) is made of a heat insulating material; or the inner wall of the furnace top section (3) is provided with a heat insulation layer.
3. The side-blown converter according to claim 1, wherein the height H1 of the corresponding inner cavity section of the top section (3) is 3-5 m.
4. The side-blown furnace according to claim 1, wherein the length L1 of the corresponding inner cavity section of the roof section (3) is 2-4m and the width W1 of the corresponding inner cavity section of the roof section is 2-4 m.
5. A side blown furnace according to claim 1, characterised in that the slag discharge opening (24) is provided in the first shaft section (21).
6. The flue gas treatment system of the side-blown converter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the flue gas treatment system comprises an SNCR denitration device, a spray quenching tower (1013), a dust collecting device, a desulfurization tower (105), a defogging device and an SCR denitration device which are connected in series in sequence; an activated carbon injection device and a calcium hydroxide injection device are arranged on a pipeline between the spray quenching tower (1013) and the dust collecting device; the SNCR denitration device is arranged at a flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter.
7. The method for treating the nickel-containing sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, drying the nickel-containing sludge to be treated to obtain the nickel-containing sludge with the water content not higher than 30 wt%;
s2, mixing the reducing agent, the sulfonium making agent, the fusing agent, the additive and the nickel-containing sludge obtained in the S1 according to the mass ratio of 5-30:10-30:10-20:1-20:100 to obtain a mixture;
wherein the reducing agent comprises one or more of active carbon, pulverized coal and coke; the sulfonium making agent comprises pyrite and/or sulfur; the flux is formed by mixing quartz stone and limestone according to the mass ratio of 3-5: 1; the additive is sodium thiosulfate;
s3, feeding the mixture obtained in S2 into a side-blown converter as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, smelting, discharging a slag phase through a slag discharge port (24), and discharging a copper-nickel phase through a siphon port (11);
wherein the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1000-1400 ℃.
8. The treatment method according to claim 7, wherein in S2, the mass ratio of the reducing agent, the sulfonium forming agent, the fluxing agent, the additive and the nickel-containing sludge is 10-20:20-30:10-20:1-10: 100.
9. The treatment method according to claim 7, wherein in S3, the melting temperature is controlled to 1000-1200 ℃.
10. The treatment method according to claim 7, wherein in S3, flue gas generated by smelting is introduced into a flue gas treatment system for treatment, and the flue gas treatment system comprises an SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration device, a spray quenching tower (1013), a dust collecting device, a desulfurization tower (105), a defogging device and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device which are sequentially connected in series; an activated carbon injection device and a calcium hydroxide injection device are arranged on a pipeline between the spray quenching tower (1013) and the dust collection device; the SNCR denitration device is arranged at a flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter.
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| CN114717424A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-07-08 | 池州西恩新材料科技有限公司 | Smelting method for recovering copper, cobalt and nickel by utilizing low-grade solid waste raw materials containing copper, cobalt and nickel |
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| JPS5839214B2 (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1983-08-29 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Non-ferrous metal smelting method |
| CN102321808A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-01-18 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Oxygen-enriched side-blown dual-area smelting furnace |
| CN202482409U (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-10-10 | 个旧市富祥工贸有限责任公司 | Oxygen-rich side-blow reduction molten pool smelting furnace applicable to tin smelting by tin-rich complex materials |
| CN207294848U (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-05-01 | 南昌江铃集团金辰精锻有限责任公司 | A kind of isothermal normalizing furnace Furnace Temperature Control System |
| CN108488807A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-04 | 浙江申联环保集团有限公司 | A kind of oxygen-enriched shower furnace of processing hazardous waste |
| CN108707750B (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2020-03-03 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment method for copper-containing sludge and circuit board |
| CN109140461A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dangerous waste high-temperature fusion crystallite purification device and exhaust purifying method |
| CN110205495B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-04-30 | 阳新鹏富矿业有限公司 | Pyrogenic process comprehensive recycling method for copper-containing and nickel-containing sludge |
| CN110629028A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-31 | 广东金宇环境科技有限公司 | Process for treating sludge containing copper and nickel by combination method |
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Denomination of invention: Side blowing furnace, flue gas treatment system, and treatment method for nickel containing sludge treatment Effective date of registration: 20230420 Granted publication date: 20220923 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Changsha Fenglin Branch Pledgor: HUNAN RUIYI ZIHUAN TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023430000012 |
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