CN112060971A - 一种换电式混合动力车辆 - Google Patents
一种换电式混合动力车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112060971A CN112060971A CN202011066323.2A CN202011066323A CN112060971A CN 112060971 A CN112060971 A CN 112060971A CN 202011066323 A CN202011066323 A CN 202011066323A CN 112060971 A CN112060971 A CN 112060971A
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种换电式混合动力车辆。该混合动力车辆包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动***,还包括快换电池,其可在换电站快速拆卸并更换;快换电池与驱动电机相连并构成换电式驱动***;换电式驱动***和增程式驱动***可快速切换并单独作为主动力***。本发明方案中,由于换电式驱动***和增程式驱动***可快速切换并单独作为主动力***,因此,可根据使用场景和经济性自由灵活地切换以增程器为动力来源的增程式驱动***和/或以快换电池为动力来源的换电式驱动***驱动车辆行驶。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆技术领域,特别是一种换电式混合动力车辆。
背景技术
在节能、减排的双重压力下,发展新能源汽车成为国际社会的必然选择。电动汽车为新能源汽车中极具前景的产品。但是,由于目前电动汽车的行驶里程较短,消费者存在里程焦虑,这在一定程度上降低了消费者购买电动汽车的意愿。
为解决里程焦虑问题,目前主要采用以下三种方式:第一种为换电式汽车。换电式汽车采用可拆卸的动力电池,通过换电站可快速拆卸和更换动力电池,以保证续航里程。但是,这种方式存在目前换电站布局不充分、换电不方便等问题。第二种为增程式电动汽车。增程式电动汽车采用燃油或者其他类型的小型发动机带动发电机发电来为电动汽车的动力电池补充电力,从而提高行驶里程。但是,这种方式主要依赖于燃油的补给,易导致用户的油价波动焦虑等问题。第三种方式为使用可拆卸换电电池为主、以燃油发动机直接驱动汽车为辅的电动汽车。但是,这种方式中燃油发动机仅仅作为辅助驱动手段,仍然受制于换电站的布局和换电的便捷程度。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题,提出了本发明以便提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的换电式混合动力车辆。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种结合了增程式技术和换电技术并能够在两者之间灵活切换作为主动力来源的换电式混合动力车辆。
本发明一个进一步的目的是通过设置基础电池和快换电池双电池,进一步提高了换电式混合动力车辆在不同场景下的使用灵活性。
特别地,根据本发明实施例的一方面,提供了一种换电式混合动力车辆,包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动***,还包括快换电池,其可在换电站快速拆卸并更换;快换电池与驱动电机相连并构成换电式驱动***;换电式驱动***和增程式驱动***可快速切换并单独作为主动力***。
可选地,增程式驱动***还包括基础电池;基础电池分别连接增程器和驱动电机。
可选地,车辆的基础电池和快换电池以以下方式成对设置:
基础电池设置于车辆上,快换电池设置于换电站流通并充电;
或快换电池设置于车辆上,基础电池设置于换电站流通充电。
可选地,车辆还包括逆变器。
可选地,快换电池的容量小于增程器的可供应电能总量的2倍。
可选地,快换电池的容量等于增程器的可供应电能总量。
可选地,基础电池的容量为1-1.47kwh或1.47-5.5kwh。
可选地,增程式驱动***还包括燃料箱,燃料箱的燃料包括汽油、柴油、甲醇、乙醇、生物燃料、天然气、氢气。
可选地,车辆还包括变速机构和驱动轴,驱动电机通过变速机构与驱动轴相连,驱动轴与车辆的车轮连接。
可选地,车辆上还设有快换装置,快换装置的一端与车辆的下车体相连,另一端与基础电池或快换电池相连。
本发明实施例提出的换电式混合动力车辆,包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动***,以及由快换电池与该驱动电机构成的换电式驱动***,快换电池可在换电站快速拆卸并更换。由于换电式驱动***和增程式驱动***可快速切换并单独作为主动力***,因此,可根据使用场景和经济性自由灵活地切换以增程器为动力来源的增程式驱动***和/或以快换电池为动力来源的换电式驱动***驱动车辆行驶。
进一步地,本发明的混合动力车辆的增程式驱动***还包括基础电池。通过基础电池和快换电池这种双电池的设置,使得增程式驱动***和换电式驱动***的切换和使用更加多样化,进一步提高了换电式混合动力车辆在不同场景下的使用灵活性。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述,本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆的结构示意图;
图2示出了根据本发明另一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆的结构示意图;
图3示出了根据本发明又一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆的结构示意图;
图4示出了根据本发明再一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆的结构示意图;
图5示出了根据本发明一实施例的快换装置锁止状态时的剖视示意图;
图6示出了根据本发明一实施例的快换装置解锁状态时的剖视示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
为解决或部分解决上述技术问题,本发明实施例提出一种换电式混合动力车辆。
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆100的结构示意图。参见图1所示,换电式混合动力车辆100至少可以包括由增程器10和驱动电机31构成的增程式驱动***,以及快换电池20。增程器10由发动机14和发电机15构成。增程器10可与驱动电机31相连,发电机15在发动机14输出的动力的驱动下发电,以向驱动电机31提供电能。快换电池20可在换电站快速拆卸并更换,以实现电能的快速补充。在实际应用中,例如通过换电工具将贫电的快换电池20拆卸后,在混合动力车辆100中重新安装满电的快换电池20,以实现快换电池20的更换。快换电池20与驱动电机31相连并构成换电式驱动***。增程器10和快换电池20能够相互独立地向驱动电机31供应电能,也就是说,增程器10和快换电池20中任一者都可以在另一者不工作无法提供电能的情况下单独向驱动电机31供应电能,因此,换电式驱动***1和增程式驱动***2可快速切换并单独作为换电式混合动力车辆100的主动力***。快换电池20还可以与增程器10连接(具体与发电机15连接),从而可以在增程器10工作时接收存储多余的电能。
本发明实施例提出的换电式混合动力车辆100,包括由增程器10和驱动电机31构成的增程式驱动***,以及由快换电池20与驱动电机31构成的换电式驱动***,快换电池20可在换电站快速拆卸并更换。由于换电式驱动***和增程式驱动***可快速切换并单独作为主动力***,因此,可根据使用场景和经济性自由灵活地切换以增程器10为动力来源的增程式驱动***和/或以快换电池20为动力来源的换电式驱动***驱动车辆行驶。
具体地,例如,对于非长途行驶场景(如在市区行驶),在增程器10所使用的燃料的价格(如油价)较低时,采用增程器10工作为驱动电机31供应电能,在电价相对低的时候,则采用快换电池20,通过换电站对快换电池20进行更换使用,以确保对驱动电机31的电能供应。对于长途行驶场景,则可以既加满燃料以保证增程器10的燃料供应充足,同时又通过换电站对快换电池20进行更换使用,以获得最大续航里程。
参照图2所示,在本发明的一个实施例中,增程式驱动***还可以包括基础电池12。基础电池12分别连接增程器10(具体连接发电机15)和驱动电机31。基础电池12例如可以是常规的动力电池。通过基础电池12和快换电池20这种双电池的设置,使得可以采用多种不同的基础电池12和快换电池20的设置方式,以使增程式驱动***和换电式驱动***的切换和使用更加多样化,进一步提高换电式混合动力车辆100在不同场景下的使用灵活性。下面将对基础电池12和快换电池20的不同设置方式进行介绍。
在一种实施方式中,基础电池12和快换电池20同时设置于车辆100上。基础电池12固定于车辆100上,快换电池20则可快速拆卸并更换地设置于车辆100上。
在这种情况下,当车辆100通过增程式驱动***提供动力时,在基础电池12电量充足时,由基础电池12向驱动电机31提供电能。当基础电池12电量不足时,发动机14开始运转,一边通过发电机15向驱动电机31提供电能,一边向基础电池12充电。如果车辆100遇到上坡、急加速等高负荷工况时,增程器10和基础电池12同时向驱动电机31提供电能。遇到下坡、滑行等工况时,驱动电机31可作为发电机,为基础电池12充电,起到动能回收的作用。当车辆100通过换电式驱动***提供动力时,快换电池20直接向驱动电机31提供电能。本实施方式非常便于在非长途行驶场景下根据燃料价格和电价的高低切换使用增程器10或快换电池20作为动力来源,同时也能保障长途行驶场景下的最大续航里程。
在另一种实施方式中,基础电池12和快换电池20同时设置于车辆100上,其中,基础电池12可快速拆卸并更换地设置于车辆100上,并且快换电池20也可快速拆卸并更换地设置于车辆100上。在这种情况下,基础电池12和快换电池20均可以通过换电站进行拆卸或更换,从而能够最大程度上减少燃料的消耗,非常适用于燃料价格较高而电价较低时的使用需求。另外,也在一定程度上增大了车辆100的最大续航里程。
在又一种实施方式中,车辆100的基础电池12和快换电池20可以按以下方式成对设置:基础电池12和快换电池20中的一者设置于车辆100上时另一者设置于换电站流通并充电。具体地,有以下两种情形。
第一种情形,参照图3所示,基础电池12设置于车辆100上,而快换电池20设置于换电站流通并充电。这种情形尤其适用于燃料价格较低且续航里程要求较低(如市区行驶)时的使用场景,此时将快换电池20卸下放至换电站运营,一方面减少了车辆100的整体重量,另一方面也增加了快换电池20的运营时间,提高了快换电池20的使用效率。
第二种情形,参照图4所示,快换电池20设置于车辆100上,而基础电池12设置于换电站流通充电。这种情形尤其适用于燃料价格较高、有一定续航里程要求且换电站布局充分时的使用场景。此时将基础电池12卸下放至换电站运营,一定程度上减少了车辆100的整体重量,从而提高了快换电池20的能源利用效率。
继续参照图2所示,在本发明的一个实施例中,增程式驱动***还可以包括燃料箱13。燃料箱13与增程器10的发动机14相连,用于为发动机14供应燃料。
在实际应用中,燃料箱13中存储的燃料取决于增程器10的发动机14的类型。一般情况下,燃料箱13中的燃料可包括汽油、柴油、甲醇、乙醇、生物燃料、天然气、氢气等。相应地,发动机14可以为汽油发动机、柴油发动机、甲醇发动机等。
为了进一步增强快换电池20的使用灵活性,在一些实施例中,快换电池20可设计为具有多种规格的容量和重量。通过这种设计,可以在不同使用场景下根据实际应用需求更换使用不同容量和重量的快换电池20,以达到能量效率和经济性的最大化。例如,在长途行驶时,可以在对燃料箱13加满燃料的基础上同时通过换电站更换上大容量的快换电池20来使用,以获得更大的续航里程。在市区行驶且换电站在市区布局充分的情况下,可以通过换电站更换小容量和小重量的快换电池20来使用,以减少空载重量。
在本发明的一个实施例中,快换电池20的容量可小于增程器10的可供应电能总量的2倍。增程器10的可供应电能总量指在燃料箱13加满燃料的情况下增程器10可提供的最大电能总量。这种设置使增程器10与快换电池20可提供的电能相近,打破了现有技术中增程器通常只作为次要的辅助性动力来源的设计,使得快换电池20与增程器10能够互为备份,各自单独作为主要动力来源。
优选地,快换电池20的容量可大于增程器10的可供应电能总量的0.5倍且小于增程器10的可供应电能总量的2倍。更优选地,快换电池20的容量为增程器10的可供应电能总量的0.5-1.5倍。甚至更优选地,快换电池20的容量为增程器10的可供应电能总量的1倍,即,快换电池20的容量等于增程器10的可供应电能总量。通过如此设计,增程器10将可以不再仅仅只作为辅助性动力能源***,而增程器10和快换电池20之间的切换使用更灵活、更自由。
在一些实施例中,基础电池12的容量可以在1-1.47kwh范围内。在这种情况下,由于基础电池12的容量远小于混合动力车辆中惯常使用的动力电池的容量(一般在15-60kwh),相应地,基础电池12的重量与惯常使用的动力电池的重量相比也大大减小,一方面可有效减轻整车的重量,提高能源利用效率,另一方面,小容量的基础电池12无需考虑外接充电的功能,有利于成本的控制和布局的选择。
在另一些实施例中,基础电池12的容量可以在1.47-5.5kwh范围内。在这种情况下,恰当地增大了基础电池12的容量(即能量密度),一定程度上增大了混合动力车辆100的续航里程,但同时基础电池12的容量仍远小于混合动力车辆中惯常使用的动力电池的容量,从而达到较佳的电池容量与整车重量之间的平衡。
继续参照图2所示,在本发明的一个实施例中,车辆100还可以包括逆变器。具体地,逆变器可以包括设置在基础电池12与驱动电机31之间以及发电机15与驱动电机31之间的第一逆变器51,和设置在快换电池20与驱动电机31之间的第二逆变器52。此处的逆变器的作用应为本领域人员所熟知,本文不另赘述。
在本发明的一个实施例中,车辆100还可以包括变速机构60和驱动轴32。驱动轴32与车辆100的车轮40相连。发明变速机构60可设置在驱动电机31和驱动轴32之间,即,驱动电机31通过变速机构60与驱动轴31相连,通过变速机构60将驱动电机31产生的驱动力传递至驱动轴32以驱动车轮40转动。
发明在本发明的一个实施例中,车辆100上还可以设有快换装置70。快换装置70的一端可与车辆100的下车体相连,另一端则与基础电池12或快换电池20相连。快换装置70可用于快速拆卸和安装基础电池12或快换电池20。
参照图5和图6所示,在一种具体的实施方案中,快换装置70可包括限位销轴71、壳体72、螺栓73、支撑杆74和限位滚珠75。限位销轴71的一端与车辆100的下车身连接。壳体72与基础电池12或快换电池20连接,且内部有呈梯形结构的空腔。具体地,壳体72位于基础电池12或快换电池20的边缘位置,且壳体72与基础电池12或快换电池20通过壳体72下部左右两侧的螺栓连接。螺栓73位于空腔下部,伸入空腔内,且与壳体72螺纹连接。支撑杆74位于空腔内,由螺栓73支撑在空腔内,并能随螺栓73一起相对壳体72上下移动。限位滚珠75位于支撑杆74的中部。限位销轴71的中部具有向其轴线方向凹陷的凹陷部711,支撑杆74的内部中空并在与凹陷部711对应的位置设有缺口741,限位滚珠75与缺口741相配合。当快换装置70处于锁止状态时,限位销轴71***支撑杆74的内部,且限位滚珠75卡入凹陷部711。
当需要将基础电池12或快换电池20安装至车辆100上时,限位销轴71与壳体72是分离的,顶升机构将基础电池12或快换电池20输送至车身下部靠近限位销轴71的位置,此时限位销轴71***壳体72内,但是限位销轴71上的凹陷部711与限位滚珠75并不在同一水平面上,即限位滚珠75未卡入凹陷部711,而限位滚珠75又位于支撑杆74上的缺口741内。因此,若需要将基础电池12或快换电池20安装至车辆100上,就需要螺栓73带动支撑杆74和限位滚珠75一起相对壳体72向上运动,直至限位滚珠75卡入凹陷部711。如此,通过限位滚珠75卡入凹陷部711,快换装置70就处于锁止状态(如图5所示),从而将基础电池12或快换电池20安装至车辆100上。
当需要将基础电池12或快换电池20拆卸下来时,顶升机构向上微顶基础电池12或快换电池20,此时,电机使得螺栓73相对壳体72向下移动从而形成解锁状态(如图6所示)。在这里,当顶升机构向上微顶基础电池12或快换电池20时,限位滚珠75也解除了受力状态,因而螺栓73可以在电机的带动下向下移动,支撑杆74也解除螺栓73向上顶的力向下移动,直至限位滚珠75移出凹陷部711。此时,基础电池12或快换电池20脱落到顶升机构上,至此完成基础电池12或快换电池20拆卸过程。
本实施例的快换装置70能够简单快捷地实现锁止和解锁,提高了电池的安装和拆卸效率。
需要说明的是,以上介绍的仅是本发明中快换装置70的一种实现方式。当然,快换装置70还可以有其他的实现方式,本发明对此不做限制。
根据上述任意一个可选实施例或多个可选实施例的组合,本发明实施例能够达到如下有益效果:
本发明实施例提出的换电式混合动力车辆,包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动***,以及由快换电池与该驱动电机构成的换电式驱动***,快换电池可在换电站快速拆卸并更换。由于换电式驱动***和增程式驱动***可快速切换并单独作为主动力***,因此,可根据使用场景和经济性自由灵活地切换以增程器为动力来源的增程式驱动***和/或以快换电池为动力来源的换电式驱动***驱动车辆行驶。
进一步地,本发明的混合动力车辆的增程式驱动***还包括基础电池。通过基础电池和快换电池这种双电池的设置,使得增程式驱动***和换电式驱动***的切换和使用更加多样化,进一步提高了换电式混合动力车辆在不同场景下的使用灵活性。发明发明
在此处所提供的说明书中,说明了大量具体细节。然而,能够理解,本发明的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践。在一些实例中,并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术,以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:在本发明的精神和原则之内,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案脱离本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种换电式混合动力车辆,包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动***,其特征在于,还包括快换电池,其可在换电站快速拆卸并更换;所述快换电池与所述驱动电机相连并构成换电式驱动***;所述换电式驱动***和所述增程式驱动***可快速切换并单独作为主动力***。
2.根据权利要求1所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述增程式驱动***还包括基础电池;所述基础电池分别连接所述增程器和所述驱动电机。
3.根据权利要求2所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆的所述基础电池和所述快换电池以以下方式成对设置:
所述基础电池设置于所述车辆上,所述快换电池设置于换电站流通并充电;
或所述快换电池设置于所述车辆上,所述基础电池设置于换电站流通充电。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆还包括逆变器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述快换电池的容量小于所述增程器的可供应电能总量的2倍。
6.根据权利要求5所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述快换电池的容量等于所述增程器的可供应电能总量。
7.根据权利要求2所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述基础电池的容量为1-1.47kwh或1.47-5.5kwh。
8.根据权利要求1所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述增程式驱动***还包括燃料箱,所述燃料箱的燃料包括汽油、柴油、甲醇、乙醇、生物燃料、天然气、氢气。
9.根据权利要求1所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆还包括变速机构和驱动轴,所述驱动电机通过所述变速机构与所述驱动轴相连,所述驱动轴与所述车辆的车轮连接。
10.根据权利要求2所述的换电式混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆上还设有快换装置,所述快换装置的一端与所述车辆的下车体相连,另一端与所述基础电池或所述快换电池相连。
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CN113246792A (zh) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-13 | 上海中科深江电动车辆有限公司 | 增程式多功能移动补换电矿用车辆装置 |
CN113479110A (zh) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-10-08 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 换电式混合动力车辆及其换电策略确定方法和整车控制器 |
CN113847034A (zh) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-28 | 内蒙古华威矿业工程有限责任公司 | 一种露天煤矿的节能运输开采方法 |
WO2022068099A1 (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 一种换电式混合动力车辆 |
WO2023020462A1 (zh) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-23 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 快换式混合动力车辆、快换平台及快换方法 |
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CN102923129B (zh) * | 2012-11-27 | 2016-03-02 | 大连理工大学 | 增程式电动汽车短行程行驶时的一种驱动方法 |
CN103552458A (zh) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-05 | 宁波吉江汽车制造有限责任公司 | 增程式混合动力专用校车 |
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JP6270009B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-20 | 2018-01-31 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 車両の電力制御装置 |
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CN108437810A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-08-24 | 温岭市创嘉信息科技有限公司 | 增程式混合动力汽车 |
CN211106988U (zh) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-07-28 | 武汉工程大学 | 一种换电式增程电动汽车 |
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CN212353682U (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 一种换电式混合动力车辆 |
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WO2022068099A1 (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 一种换电式混合动力车辆 |
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WO2023020462A1 (zh) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-23 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 快换式混合动力车辆、快换平台及快换方法 |
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CN113847034A (zh) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-28 | 内蒙古华威矿业工程有限责任公司 | 一种露天煤矿的节能运输开采方法 |
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