CN112051434A - Precise alternating current-direct current broadband voltage dividing device and method - Google Patents
Precise alternating current-direct current broadband voltage dividing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112051434A CN112051434A CN202010898861.1A CN202010898861A CN112051434A CN 112051434 A CN112051434 A CN 112051434A CN 202010898861 A CN202010898861 A CN 202010898861A CN 112051434 A CN112051434 A CN 112051434A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
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- G01R15/06—Voltage dividers having reactive components, e.g. capacitive transformer
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Abstract
The utility model provides a device and a method for precise alternating current-direct current broadband voltage division, comprising the following steps: the resistor voltage division module and the buffer module; the resistance voltage division module comprises a high-end resistor and a low-end resistor; the buffer power supply module comprises a buffer; the high-end resistor is configured to receive an input voltage and divide the voltage through resistors, and the divided signal is output from the low-end resistor to the front end of the buffer; the high-end resistor and the low-end resistor are connected in parallel to compensate the frequency response curve of the capacitance correction voltage divider; the buffer converts the high internal resistance signal into a low resistance output signal to perform precise measurement of a broadband.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of voltage division, and particularly relates to a device and a method for precise alternating current/direct current broadband voltage division.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Two methods, a resistance method and a capacitance method, are commonly used in voltage division. The operation principle of the voltage divider is described as a resistor voltage divider, and fig. 1 below is a voltage divider schematic diagram of a resistor, and the calculation formula is shown in formula (1):
in the formula: u1-input high Voltage, V;
u2-output Low Voltage, V;
r1, R2-voltage dividing resistance, omega.
When the resistance wire constantan wire with small temperature coefficient or the Kama wire with small temperature coefficient and high resistance coefficient is used for winding, its temp. stability is high and its long-term stability is also high. When a compressive resistive divider structure is used, its response characteristic can be made higher. The structure is shown in fig. 2.
Capacitive methods, capacitive voltage dividers for measuring pulsed voltages, can be divided into two types. A high-voltage arm of a voltage divider is formed by stacking a plurality of capacitors, and the voltage divider is mostly assembled by using a pulse capacitor insulated by oil paper of an insulating shell. Such capacitors are required to have a relatively small inductance and to withstand short-circuit discharge. A high voltage oilpaper capacitor is assembled from a plurality of elements in series and parallel, each element having not only capacitance but also series inherent inductance and contact resistance. There is also a parallel insulation resistor. Such a voltage divider should be considered a distributed parameter and is known as a distributed capacitive voltage divider. As shown in fig. 3. The high-voltage arm of another voltage divider only has one capacitor, and the high-voltage arm of this voltage divider only has one capacitor, and is often a pair of metal electrodes which are close to uniform electric field, and its electrode uses air as medium, and is a concentrated capacitor, so that it is called centralized capacitive voltage divider.
Both the resistance method and the capacitance method can only divide voltage for low frequency bands, and have the defects of small measuring range and low measuring precision.
The resistance method is to pursue high response performance, and its resistance value cannot be too high. Since he will have a load effect on the impulse voltage generator, its switching in will shorten the half-peak time of the impulse wave. But can generally be addressed by adjusting the tail resistance of the generator. Since the resistor generates heat during operation, the energy consumption of the resistor is related to the square of the applied voltage. This is the main reason why the applied lightning surge voltage is not higher than 2MV at a resistance value of 10 K.OMEGA.to 20 K.OMEGA.. As a standard voltage divider, the resistance should be no more than 10K Ω.
Also for the above reasons, the application of the resistance capacitor to the measurement of the operation surge voltage is difficult.
The distributed capacitive voltage divider is formed by stacking a plurality of pulse capacitors, and only has amplitude errors but no waveform errors. As for the amplitude error, it is eliminated after being corrected by a standard voltage divider. But when measuring steep waves, the response time is much larger because the capacitance of the capacitive divider is much larger than the stray capacitance of the shield ring of the shielded resistive divider.
The high-voltage arm of the centralized capacitive voltage divider can adopt a standard capacitor of compressed gas, the capacitance value of the capacitor is very accurate and stable, and the dielectric loss is very small. When the impact capacitive voltage divider is used for manufacturing the impact capacitive voltage divider, problems occur, namely superposition high-frequency oscillation occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of the prior art, this disclosure provides a device of accurate alternating current-direct current wide band voltage partial pressure, realizes the partial pressure of broadband, high accuracy.
In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a precise ac/dc broadband voltage divider is disclosed, which includes:
the resistor voltage division module and the buffer module; the resistance voltage division module comprises a high-end resistance module and a low-end resistance module; the buffer power supply module comprises a buffer;
the high-end resistor module is configured to receive an input voltage and divide the voltage through resistors, and the divided signal is output to the front end of the buffer from the low-end resistor module;
the high-end resistor module and the low-end resistor module are connected with a compensation capacitor in parallel to correct a frequency response curve after voltage division;
the buffer converts the high internal resistance signal into a low resistance output signal to perform precise measurement of a broadband.
In a second aspect, a precise ac/dc broadband voltage dividing method is disclosed, which includes:
receiving input voltage, dividing the voltage through a resistor, and outputting a divided signal to the front end of the buffer from a low-end resistor;
the high-end resistor and the low-end resistor are connected in parallel with a compensation capacitor to correct the frequency response curve after voltage division;
the buffer converts the high internal resistance signal into a low resistance output signal to perform precise measurement of a wide frequency band.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme disclosed by the invention is manufactured by adopting a resistor-voltage-dividing capacitor compensation mode. Ideally there is no measurement error if the resistance of the meter is infinite. However, in practical situations, the internal resistance of the table is not infinite, and the input impedances corresponding to different tables and different ranges of the same table are different, so that corresponding measurement errors may occur.
The solution to this problem is to add a single-gain buffer module at the low end of the voltage-dividing system, where the buffer module mainly functions to convert high internal resistance signals into low-resistance output signals, and both the ac-dc difference and the phase shift within 50kHz frequency are small, thus realizing precise measurement of broadband.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention greatly reduces the input and output amplitude proportional error and the phase shift, and can realize the precise voltage division of the broadband alternating current and direct current voltage.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a voltage divider schematic of a prior art resistor;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a conventional damped resistor (550 Ω) and shield compensation;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a conventional capacitive voltage divider and its stray capacitance to ground Ce;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a voltage divider system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
The embodiment discloses a device of accurate alternating current-direct current wide band voltage partial pressure can convert amplitude 100V ~ 800V frequency 0 ~ 50KHz wide band alternating current-direct current voltage into 5V little voltage to keep accurate proportion and minimum phase shift, the biggest alternating current difference is less than 200ppm under the power frequency, can be used to the high voltage source and trace to the source. In order to realize broadband and high-precision voltage division, a combined system of a resistance voltage division module and a buffer module is adopted. As shown in fig. 4.
The resistance voltage division module mainly comprises a high-end resistance module and a low-end resistance module. The input voltage is input from a high end, then is subjected to voltage division through the high end resistor module, and a small voltage signal is output from the low end resistor module to the front end of the buffer; the high-low end resistance modules adopt high-performance ultra-precision resistors. Meanwhile, the alternating current high frequency is optimally compensated by adjusting the capacitor layout on the plate, and alternating current high frequency signals are compensated, so that the instrument has extremely accurate proportion and extremely small phase shift.
The low-end resistor module converts the voltage with large amplitude into the voltage with small amplitude, thereby being beneficial to subsequent precision measurement. The resistor and the capacitor are one of the components of the resistor module, and the topology structure is adjusted according to the actual requirement so as to achieve the small voltage output with the actually required precision.
The buffering power supply module mainly comprises a buffer and a power supply module:
the buffer mainly has the function of converting a high internal resistance signal output by the low end of the resistance module into a low internal resistance output signal, the AC-DC difference and the phase shift within the frequency of 50kHz are both very small, and meanwhile, the lead error can be well eliminated, so that the precision measurement of a broadband is realized. Because the voltage is divided by the resistor module, the low end of the resistor module outputs a high internal resistance signal.
The power supply module mainly comprises a storage battery, a charging port, an electric quantity display board and a switch. The power supply module is used for supplying power to the buffer, and the continuous working time is more than 5 hours after the buffer is fully charged. Meanwhile, because the battery is adopted for power supply, the noise and the interference can be reduced to the minimum level.
Problem analysis in the development process: voltage divider output impedance:
because the voltage division system is manufactured by adopting a mode of resistor voltage division and capacitor compensation. Ideally there is no measurement error if the resistance of the meter is infinite. However, in practical situations, the internal resistance of the table is not infinite, and the input impedances corresponding to different tables and different ranges of the same table are different, so that corresponding measurement errors may occur.
The solution to this problem is to add a single-gain buffer module at the low end of the voltage-dividing system, where the buffer module mainly functions to convert the high internal resistance signal into a low-resistance output signal, and the ac-dc difference and the phase shift within 50kHz frequency are both small, thereby realizing precise measurement of a wide frequency band.
External electromagnetic interference:
in order to prevent the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the indexes of the voltage division system, an all-metal shell can be used. Therefore, in the test process, the whole metal shell is equivalent to a shielding layer for the internal voltage divider, and can well shield external related interference, so that the voltage dividing system can keep good measurement accuracy in different environments, and the full metal shell is equivalent to a case and wraps the resistance module.
Frequency response characteristic of the voltage dividing system:
because the voltage division system uses the principle of voltage division by a plurality of resistors. The frequency response of the whole voltage divider is deteriorated due to the leakage effect of the resistor on the voltage divider system to the metal shell. At this time, the frequency response curve of the voltage divider needs to be pulled back by adding a compensation capacitor to the resistor module. In a specific implementation example, the layout of the resistance module can be adjusted, an output test can be performed at the same time, the required frequency response characteristic can be achieved, and because the influences of the capacitors at different positions and different sizes on the whole frequency response curve are different, the link of compensating the capacitor is the most critical link of the whole project and the link with the largest workload. It takes a lot of trial and experiment to correct the frequency response of the voltage divider. The compensation capacitor is adjusted until the stability and linearity of the output voltage reach the required standard.
The invention uses high-precision elements and reasonably arranges a voltage dividing method to improve the precision of broadband voltage division and reduce phase shift. The circuit structure for realizing high precision, low phase shift and broadband voltage division is to be protected.
Amplitude proportion precision test meter
Input/output phase shift test meter
And (3) analyzing a test result:
from the test data, whether the amplitude proportional precision of the input and output or the phase shift of the input and output, the obtained data is within the corresponding technical index requirement range, and particularly the high-frequency part is better than the corresponding technical index to a greater extent!
Therefore, the method has accurate proportion and extremely small phase shift in a wide frequency range of DC-50kHz and can well meet the requirement of normal use!
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device of accurate alternating current-direct current wide band voltage partial pressure which characterized by includes:
the resistor voltage division module and the buffer module; the resistance voltage division module comprises a high-end resistance module and a low-end resistance module; the buffer power supply module comprises a buffer;
the high-end resistor module is configured to receive an input voltage and divide the voltage through resistors, and the divided signal is output to the front end of the buffer from the low-end resistor module;
the high-end resistor module and the low-end resistor module are connected with a compensation capacitor in parallel to correct a frequency response curve after voltage division;
the buffer converts the high internal resistance signal into a low resistance output signal to perform precise measurement of a broadband.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the buffer power supply module further comprises a power supply module, and the power supply module uses a storage battery to supply power to the buffer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the buffer gain is 1 for eliminating lead error.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an all-metal housing, wherein the all-metal housing accommodates the resistor voltage divider module and the buffer module.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-side resistor module and the low-side resistor module are ultra-precise resistors with high performance.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the low-side resistor module converts a voltage with a large amplitude into a voltage with a small amplitude.
7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the power supply module is mainly composed of a battery, a charging port, a power display panel and a switch, and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the buffer.
8. A precise alternating current-direct current broadband voltage dividing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving input voltage, dividing the voltage through a resistor, and outputting a divided signal to the front end of the buffer from a low-end resistor;
the high-end resistor and the low-end resistor are connected in parallel to compensate the frequency response curve of the capacitor correction voltage divider;
the buffer converts the high internal resistance signal into a low resistance output signal to perform precise measurement of a wide frequency band.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the layout of the resistor modules is adjusted and an output test is performed to achieve a desired frequency response curve.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the ac high frequency signal is compensated by adjusting a capacitor layout to optimally compensate the ac high frequency signal.
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| CN116735936A (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-09-12 | 北京交通大学 | Closed-loop control circuit for frequency response flatness of broadband resistor divider |
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