CN112050965A - Correction device and method for improving measurement precision of sound wave temperature measurement system - Google Patents
Correction device and method for improving measurement precision of sound wave temperature measurement system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a correcting device and a method for improving the measurement precision of an acoustic wave temperature measurement system, introducing real-time feedback signals of average smoke components in a measurement area into an acoustic temperature measurement system, measuring and calculating by an original acoustic temperature measurement system to obtain an initial smoke temperature, calculating parameters such as average molar mass and average specific heat ratio of smoke by a gas constant correction module according to the initial smoke temperature and the smoke components, finally calculating to obtain a corrected gas constant, obtaining a final corrected smoke temperature through multiple iterations, completely considering the influence of smoke component change on the final corrected smoke temperature, correcting and calculating the gas constant by adopting the actually measured smoke components, improving the accuracy of the measurement result of a temperature field and approaching an actual value, even if the smoke components fluctuate greatly, the accurate temperature measurement can be completed, and the correction effect is more obvious when the smoke components change greatly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sound wave temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a correction device and method for improving the measurement precision of a sound wave temperature measurement system.
Background
In industrial production, such as thermal power plants, steel plants, waste incineration plants, etc., the combustion temperature and the process flue gas temperature distribution are important parameters capable of directly reflecting the quality of the production conditions. Accurately measuring the combustion and flue gas temperature plays a critical role in optimizing the operation condition of equipment, improving the product quality, controlling the pollutant emission and the like.
The current commonly used industrial temperature measurement means are mainly divided into a contact type and a non-contact type, and because the temperature of combustion and flue gas products in industrial production is higher, and the flue gas has the conditions of high ash content, high humidity and the like, the traditional contact type measurement method is limited by the material of a measurement original and the measurement environment, and cannot finish long-time accurate online measurement. And the contact type measuring method can only reflect single-point temperature generally, and a large number of measuring points are required to be arranged for monitoring the temperature distribution of the cross section, so that the daily maintenance workload is large. In order to meet the temperature measurement requirements in severe environments such as high temperature, high humidity, dustiness, corrosion and the like, the sound wave temperature measurement method has been introduced and applied to various industrial production processes, and the main principle is to measure the average speed of sound wave transmission on a gas path between a transmitting device and a receiving device and solve and calculate the average temperature of smoke through the functional relationship between temperature and sound velocity.
The corresponding relation between the temperature and the sound velocity in the sound wave temperature measurement method is related to gas composition components, and because the application case of the current sound wave temperature measurement system is mainly concentrated on a coal-fired boiler of a power station, the working condition stability is relatively good, and the change of smoke components generated by combustion is not large, the influence caused by the change of the smoke components in a measurement area is not considered in the measurement and calculation of the existing sound wave temperature measurement system, and certain errors are brought. This error is further amplified in the case of unstable or discontinuous fuel components in coal-fired boilers, as well as in waste incinerators, biomass boilers, etc., which burn mixed coal, resulting in large measurement deviations.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a correction device and a correction method for improving the measurement accuracy of an acoustic wave temperature measurement system, and solve the technical problem that the measurement result error of the existing acoustic wave temperature measurement system is large under the condition that the smoke components change greatly.
In order to achieve the purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a correction device for improving measurement accuracy of an acoustic thermometry system, comprising: the device comprises a sound wave signal transmitting module, a sound wave signal receiving module, a path sound velocity calculating module, a smoke temperature calculating module, a temperature field reducing module, a smoke component measuring module and a gas constant correcting module, wherein the sound wave signal transmitting module is sequentially connected with the sound wave signal receiving module, the path sound velocity calculating module and the smoke temperature calculating module;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an average smoke component real-time feedback signal of a measurement area by introducing a smoke component measurement module and a gas constant correction module, forming a parameter cycle by a smoke temperature calculation module and the gas constant correction module, finishing convergence by setting initial parameters and implementing iterative calculation, obtaining the finally corrected smoke temperature, and carrying out temperature field reduction by a temperature field reduction module to obtain temperature field data of the section of a hearth.
Furthermore, the sound wave signal emission module comprises a signal generation circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a signal output device and a signal recording circuit which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction, wherein the signal output device adopts a pneumatic sounder or an electric sounder, and the number of the signal output devices is 3, and the signal output devices are respectively arranged on the front wall and the left and right walls of the first channel of the garbage incinerator.
Furthermore, the sound wave signal receiving module comprises 9 signal receiving devices connected with the signal output device of the sound wave signal transmitting module, and 18 sound wave transmission paths are formed between the signal receiving devices and the signal output device.
Furthermore, flue gas composition measurement module includes sampling pipe, flue gas blender, heat tracing pipeline, flue gas preliminary treatment, flue gas analyzer, 10 sampling pipes altogether, and 3 sampling pipes are arranged respectively to the first passageway left wall of waste incinerator and right wall, and 2 sampling pipes are arranged respectively to the first passageway front wall of waste incinerator and back wall, and wherein 2 sampling pipes that the back wall was arranged get into from left and right wall respectively, paste the back wall and extend to arranging the position, pass the partition wall of the first passageway of waste incinerator and waste incinerator second passageway and get into first passageway.
A correction method of a correction device for improving the measurement accuracy of an acoustic wave temperature measurement system comprises the following steps:
1) initial data acquisition
The sound wave is emitted from the signal emitting module and transmitted to the signal receiving module through 18 sound wave transmission paths, the sound wave flight time of each sound wave transmission path is calculated through the path sound velocity calculating module, and the average propagation speed of the sound wave is calculated through the distance between the signal receiving equipment and the signal output equipment and the sound wave signal flight time:
c＝l/t (1)
wherein c is the average propagation speed of sound waves and has the unit of m/s;
l is the distance between the signal receiving device and the signal output device, and the unit is m;
t is the sound wave signal flying time, and the unit is s;
the smoke temperature calculation module calculates the initial gas constant Z0Calculating to obtain the initial flue gas temperature T0：
T0＝(c/Z0)2 (2)
In the formula, T0Is the initial flue gas temperature in K;
Z0is the initial gas constant, in m/(K)0.5·s)；
2) Flue gas composition analysis and calculation
The flue gas composition measurement module measures the average gas composition of cross section after extracting and mixing through 10 sampling pipes, uploads to the gas constant correction module and handles after obtaining the volume concentration of each component of regional flue gas of measurement, obtains the gas constant after correcting, specifically is:
calculating or looking up a table according to the initial flue gas temperature to obtain the constant pressure specific heat capacity and the constant volume specific heat capacity of each component of the flue gas;
the gas constant correction module calculates the average molar mass and the average specific heat capacity ratio of the flue gas according to the volume concentration and the specific heat capacity of each component of the flue gas, and calculates to obtain a corrected gas constant;
3) iterative computation
The flue gas temperature calculation module and the gas constant correction module form a parameter loop, and the initial parameters are set, iterative calculation is carried out to complete convergence, and finally corrected flue gas path average temperature is obtained;
calculating according to the corrected gas constant calculated in the step 2) to obtain the corrected average temperature of the flue gas path:
Tj＝(c/Zj)2 (8)
in the formula, TjThe corrected average temperature of the flue gas path for the jth time is j more than or equal to 1, and the unit is K;
Zjcalculating the gas constant for the jth correction in m/(K)0.5·s)；
When the smoke temperatures corrected in the two previous times and the smoke temperatures corrected in the two previous times are inconsistent, Tj≠Tj-1Substituting the corrected flue gas temperature into the step 2) for iterative calculation;
4) analysis of results
When the results of two successive iterations are equal, Tj＝Tj-1To obtain the required final corrected smoke temperatureDegree Tc＝Tj＝Tj-1Finally correcting the gas constant Zc＝Zj＝Zj-1The final correction coefficient k is Tc/T0；
5) Reduction by temperature field
The flue gas temperature calculation module transmits the data to the temperature field reduction module for processing, and the temperature field reduction module reduces the measured section temperature field by adopting the corrected flue gas average temperature to obtain the furnace section temperature field data and complete one-time flue gas temperature measurement.
Further, in step 1), the initial gas constant Z0The sound wave temperature measurement system manufacturer calculates the designed smoke components of the equipment to be measured to give out or set the value according to the recommended value in the literature 19.08.
Further, in the step 2), the constant pressure specific heat capacity and the constant volume specific heat capacity of each component of the flue gas are obtained by calculating or looking up a table according to the initial flue gas temperature:
Cvi＝Cpi-R (4)
in the formula, T is the average temperature of the flue gas, and the unit is K;
Cpithe constant pressure specific heat capacity of each smoke component is expressed by J/(mol.K);
Cvithe specific heat capacity of each smoke component is determined by the unit of J/(mol.K);
C1～C5the values of the coefficients corresponding to different flue gas components are different for fitting the coefficients of the formula.
Further, in the step 2), the gas constant correction module calculates the average molar mass, the average specific heat capacity ratio and the corrected gas constant of the flue gas according to the volume concentration of each component of the flue gas:
wherein Z is a corrected gas constant in the unit of m/(K)0.5·s)；
Gamma is a gas specific heat ratio and is a dimensionless parameter;
r is a universal gas constant with a value of 8.314 and the unit of J/(mol.K);
m is the average molar mass of the flue gas, and the unit is kg/mol;
Mithe unit is the molar mass of each smoke component and is kg/mol.
Further, in the step 2), the smoke component comprises O2、CO2、N2、H2O、SO2CO, NO, etc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a correcting device and a method for improving the measurement precision of an acoustic wave temperature measurement system, wherein a real-time feedback signal of average smoke components in a measurement area is introduced into the acoustic wave temperature measurement system, an original acoustic wave temperature measurement system measures and calculates to obtain an initial smoke temperature, a gas constant correcting module calculates parameters such as the average molar mass of smoke, the average specific heat ratio and the like according to the initial smoke temperature and the smoke components, a corrected gas constant is finally calculated, iterative calculation is completed between the smoke temperature calculating module and the gas constant correcting module through data transmission, the final corrected smoke temperature is obtained through multiple iterations, the final corrected smoke temperature completely considers the influence of the change of the smoke components, the gas constant is corrected and calculated by adopting the actually measured smoke components, the accuracy of the measurement result of a temperature field is improved, the actual value is closer to the actual value, even if the smoke components fluctuate greatly, and the accurate temperature measurement can be completed, and the larger the change of the smoke components is, the more remarkable the correction effect is.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the workflow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the application of the correction device of the present invention to a garbage incinerator;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement position of the flue gas component measuring module of the present invention on the garbage incinerator.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more easily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and clearly define the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-6, a correction device for improving the measurement accuracy of an acoustic thermometry system comprises: the device comprises 7 modules, namely an acoustic wave signal transmitting module, an acoustic wave signal receiving module, a path sound velocity calculating module, a smoke temperature calculating module, a temperature field reducing module, a smoke component measuring module and a gas constant correcting module, wherein the acoustic wave signal transmitting module, the acoustic wave signal receiving module and the smoke component measuring module are data measuring modules, the smoke component measuring module is installed on the section A of the garbage incinerator, the acoustic wave signal transmitting module and the acoustic wave signal receiving module are installed on the section B, the acoustic wave signal transmitting module is sequentially connected with the acoustic wave signal receiving module, the path sound velocity calculating module and the smoke temperature calculating module, the smoke component measuring module is connected with the gas constant correcting module and then connected with the smoke temperature calculating module, the smoke temperature calculating module is connected with the temperature field reducing module, the smoke temperature calculating module and the gas constant correcting module form parameter circulation, convergence is completed by setting initial parameters and carrying out iterative calculation, and finally corrected smoke, the corrected flue gas temperature is utilized by the temperature field reduction module to carry out temperature field reduction, and finally accurate furnace section temperature field data are obtained, the influence of flue gas component change is completely considered in the accurate furnace section temperature field data, and the measurement result is high in accuracy and is closer to an actual value;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an average flue gas component real-time feedback signal of a measurement area by introducing a flue gas component measurement module and a gas constant correction module, calculating volume concentration of each component of flue gas of the measurement area and initial flue gas temperature, calculating average molar mass, average specific heat ratio and gas constant of the flue gas according to the volume concentration of each component of the flue gas, further obtaining corrected gas constant and corrected flue gas temperature, obtaining required final corrected flue gas temperature and furnace section temperature field data through multiple iterations, and finally correcting the flue gas temperature and completely considering the influence of flue gas component change.
The sound wave signal emission module comprises a signal generation circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a signal output device 8 and a signal recording circuit which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction, the signal output device 8 adopts a pneumatic sounder or an electric sounder, and the signal output device 8 is provided with 3 and is respectively arranged on a front wall, a left wall and a right wall of a first channel of the garbage incinerator.
The sound wave signal receiving module comprises signal receiving equipment 9, a signal amplifying circuit and a signal recording circuit which are connected with signal output equipment 8 of the sound wave signal transmitting module, wherein 3 signal receiving equipment 9 are respectively arranged on the front wall, the left wall and the right wall of a first channel of the garbage incinerator, 9 signal receiving equipment are arranged totally, the arrangement positions of the 3 signal receiving equipment 9 and the 3 signal output equipment 8 are consistent, 18 sound wave transmission paths are arranged between the signal receiving equipment 9 and the signal output equipment 8 totally, 3 sound wave transmission paths are bidirectional paths, and the dotted line in the graph 5 is the sound wave transmission path.
The signal generating circuit generates signals, the signals are amplified by the signal amplifying circuit of the sound wave signal transmitting module and then transmitted to the signal output device 8 and are stored in the signal recording circuit, and the signal receiving device 9 receives the signals transmitted by the signal output device 8 through 18 sound wave transmission paths, amplifies the signals by the signal amplifying circuit of the sound wave signal receiving module and stores the signals in the signal recording circuit of the sound wave signal receiving module.
The sound wave is emitted from the signal emitting module and reaches the signal receiving module after passing through 18 propagation paths, and the path sound velocity calculation module calculates the sound wave flight time t of the mth pathmAnd a path distance lmObtaining the path sound velocity cm(ii) a Flue gas temperature calculation module and gas constant Z0Calculating to obtain the average temperature T of the flue gas in the initial pathm0＝(cm/Z0)2。
The path sound velocity calculation module, the flue gas temperature calculation module and the temperature field reduction module respectively comprise a signal acquisition circuit, a storage and a processor which are adaptive, and have the functions of signal acquisition, storage, calculation processing and the like.
The gas constant correction module obtains the wet-based smoke components through conversion
And initial temperature Tm0Calculating parameters such as average molar mass, average specific heat ratio and the like, and finally calculating to obtain a corrected gas constant Zj。
The smoke temperature calculation module and the gas constant correction module form a parameter cycle, namely ZjSubstitution of Z0The iterative average temperature T of the mth path can be calculatedmjObtaining the final corrected flue gas temperature T through iterative convergencemc。
The temperature field reduction module utilizes the finally corrected path flue gas temperature TmcThe temperature field reduction is carried out, and the accuracy of the obtained measuring section temperature field T (x, y) is obviously improved.
The smoke component measuring module comprises a sampling pipe 1, a smoke mixer 2, a heat tracing pipeline 3, a humidity sensor 4, smoke pretreatment 5 with an air pump, a smoke analyzer 6 and a memory 7, wherein the smoke analyzer 6 is a dry smoke component analyzer, 10 sampling pipes 1 are arranged, 3 sampling pipes 1 are respectively arranged on the left wall and the right wall of a first channel of the garbage incinerator, 2 sampling pipes 1 are respectively arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the first channel of the garbage incinerator, the 2 sampling pipes 1 arranged on the rear wall enter from the left wall and the right wall respectively, the sampling pipes extend to an arrangement position along the rear wall (namely the front wall of a second channel), penetrate through a partition wall of the first channel of the garbage incinerator and a partition wall of a second channel of the garbage incinerator to enter the first channel, the sampling pipes 1 are communicated with the smoke mixer 2, the smoke mixer 2 is communicated with the smoke pretreatment 5 through the heat tracing pipeline 3 and then is communicated with the smoke analyzer 6, the heat tracing pipeline 3 is provided with the humidity sensor 4, the humidity sensor 4 and the flue gas analyzer 6 are both connected and communicated with the memory 7 and the gas constant correction module, flue gas is pumped out from a flue through the sampling pipe 1 and enters the flue gas mixer 2, the flue gas is fully mixed and then reaches the flue gas pretreatment 5 with the air pump through the heat tracing pipeline 3, during the period, the humidity sensor 4 detects and obtains the humidity parameter of the original flue gas before entering the flue gas pretreatment 5, the flue gas enters the flue gas analyzer 6 after being pretreated by the flue gas pretreatment 5, further, the flue gas component parameter in dry flue gas is obtained, and the humidity sensor 4 and the flue gas analyzer 6 respectively transmit the detected humidity parameter and the detected dry flue gas component parameter to the memory 7 and transmit the parameters to the gas constant correction module for processing.
A correction method for improving the measurement accuracy of an acoustic wave temperature measurement system comprises the following steps:
1) initial data acquisition
The sound wave is emitted from the signal emitting module and transmitted to the signal receiving module through 18 sound wave transmission paths, the sound wave flight time of each sound wave transmission path is calculated through the path sound velocity calculating module, and the average propagation speed of the sound wave is calculated through the distance between the signal receiving equipment and the signal output equipment and the sound wave signal flight time:
c＝l/t (1)
wherein c is the average propagation speed of sound waves and has the unit of m/s;
l is the distance between the signal receiving device and the signal output device, and the unit is m;
t is the sound wave signal flying time, and the unit is s;
the smoke temperature calculation module calculates the initial gas constant Z0Calculating to obtain the initial flue gas temperature T0：
T0＝(c/Z0)2 (2)
In the formula, T0Is the initial flue gas temperature in K;
Z0is the initial gas constant, in m/(K)0.5·s)；
2) Flue gas composition analysis and calculation
The smoke component measuring module measures the average gas component of the cross section after extracting and mixing through 10 sampling pipes, and uploads the volume concentration of each component of smoke in a measuring area to the gas constant correction module for processing to obtain a corrected gas constant;
calculating or looking up a table according to the initial flue gas temperature to obtain the constant pressure specific heat capacity and the constant volume specific heat capacity of each component of the flue gas;
the gas constant correction module calculates the average molar mass and the average specific heat capacity ratio of the flue gas according to the volume concentration and the specific heat capacity of each component of the flue gas, and calculates to obtain a corrected gas constant;
3) iterative computation
The flue gas temperature calculation module and the gas constant correction module form a parameter loop, and the initial parameters are set, iterative calculation is carried out to complete convergence, and finally corrected flue gas path average temperature is obtained;
calculating according to the corrected gas constant calculated in the step 2) to obtain the corrected average temperature of the flue gas path:
Tj＝(c/Zj)2 (8)
in the formula, TjThe corrected average temperature of the flue gas path for the jth time is j more than or equal to 1, and the unit is K;
Zjcalculating the gas constant for the jth correction in m/(K)0.5·s)；
When the smoke temperatures corrected in the two previous times and the smoke temperatures corrected in the two previous times are inconsistent, Tj≠Tj-1Substituting the corrected flue gas temperature into the step 2) for iterative calculation;
4) analysis of results
When the results of two successive iterations are equal, Tj＝Tj-1To obtain the required final corrected smokeTemperature Tc＝Tj＝Tj-1Finally correcting the gas constant Zc＝Zj＝Zj-1The final correction coefficient k is Tc/T0；
5) Reduction by temperature field
The flue gas temperature calculation module transmits the data to the temperature field reduction module for processing, and the temperature field reduction module reduces the measured section temperature field by adopting the corrected flue gas average temperature to obtain the furnace section temperature field data and complete one-time flue gas temperature measurement.
In step 1), the initial gas constant Z0The sound wave temperature measurement system manufacturer calculates the designed smoke components of the equipment to be measured to give out or set the value according to the recommended value in the literature 19.08.
In the step 2), the constant pressure specific heat capacity and the constant volume specific heat capacity of each component of the flue gas are obtained by calculating or looking up a table according to the initial flue gas temperature:
Cvi＝Cpi-R (4)
in the formula, T is the average temperature of the flue gas, and the unit is K;
Cpithe constant pressure specific heat capacity of each smoke component is expressed by J/(mol.K);
Cvithe specific heat capacity of each smoke component is determined by the unit of J/(mol.K);
C1～C5the values of the coefficients corresponding to different flue gas components are different for fitting the coefficients of the formula.
In the step 2), the gas constant correction module calculates the average molar mass, the average specific heat capacity ratio and the corrected gas constant of the flue gas according to the volume concentration of each component of the flue gas:
wherein Z is a corrected gas constant in the unit of m/(K)0.5·s)；
Gamma is a gas specific heat ratio and is a dimensionless parameter;
r is a universal gas constant with a value of 8.314 and the unit of J/(mol.K);
m is the average molar mass of the flue gas, and the unit is kg/mol;
Mithe unit is the molar mass of each smoke component and is kg/mol.
In step 2), the smoke component comprises O2、CO2、N2、H2O、SO2CO, NO, etc.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-6, a correction method for improving the measurement accuracy of an acoustic wave temperature measurement system includes the steps of introducing a real-time feedback signal of an average smoke component in a measurement area into the acoustic wave temperature measurement system, calculating the volume concentration of each component of smoke in the measurement area and the initial smoke temperature, calculating the average molar mass, the average specific heat ratio and the gas constant of the smoke according to the volume concentration of each component of the smoke, further obtaining a corrected gas constant and a corrected smoke temperature, and obtaining the final corrected smoke temperature through multiple iterations, wherein the correction method includes the following steps:
1) initial data acquisition
Obtaining the initial gas constant Z set by the acoustic temperature measurement system0Calculating the average propagation speed c of sound waves according to the distance between the sound wave sensors and the flight time of the sound wave signals, and calculating to obtain the initial flue gas temperature T0Obtained byAnd obtaining the volume concentration data of the smoke components in the measurement area.
In step 1), the initial gas constant Z0The sound wave temperature measurement system manufacturer calculates the designed smoke components of the equipment to be measured to give out or set the value according to the recommended value in the literature 19.08.
In the step 1), the step of calculating the average propagation velocity c of the sound wave is as follows:
the distance l between the acoustic wave sensors and the flying time t of the acoustic wave signals are calculated by the following formula to obtain the average propagation speed c of the acoustic wave:
c＝l/t (1)
the smoke temperature calculation module calculates the initial gas constant Z0Calculating to obtain the initial flue gas temperature T0：
T0＝(c/Z0)2 (2)
In the formula, T0Is the initial flue gas temperature in K;
Z0is the initial gas constant, in m/(K)0.5·s)；
2) Calculating or looking up a table according to the temperature of the flue gas to obtain the constant-pressure specific heat capacity and the constant-volume specific heat capacity of each component of the flue gas;
in the step 2), the constant pressure specific heat capacity C of each component of the flue gas is obtained by calculating or looking up a table according to the temperature of the flue gaspiAnd constant volume specific heat capacity Cvi：
Cvi＝Cpi-R (4)
Wherein:
t is the average temperature of the flue gas and the unit is K;
C1～C5the values of the coefficients corresponding to different flue gas components are different for fitting the coefficients of the formula.
3) Correction calculation
Respectively calculating the average molar mass, the average specific heat capacity ratio and the gas constant of the flue gas according to the volume concentration of each component of the flue gas by the following formulas;
wherein:
z is a gas constant in m/(K)0.5·s)；
Gamma is a gas specific heat ratio and is a dimensionless parameter;
r is a universal gas constant with a value of 8.314 and the unit of J/(mol.K);
m is the average molar mass of the flue gas, and the unit is kg/mol;
Cpithe constant pressure specific heat capacity of each smoke component is expressed by J/(mol.K);
Cvithe specific heat capacity of each smoke component is determined by the unit of J/(mol.K);
Mithe unit is the molar mass of each smoke component and is kg/mol.
4) Iterative computation
Calculating according to the gas constant calculated in the step 3) to obtain the flue gas temperature after single correction:
Tj＝(c/Zj)2 (8)
wherein:
Tjafter the j-th correctionFlue gas temperature in K;
Zjcalculating the gas constant for the jth correction in m/(K)0.5·s)；
c is the average propagation speed of sound waves, and the unit is m/s;
and when the corrected flue gas temperatures in the two previous times and the corrected flue gas temperatures in the two previous times are inconsistent, substituting the corrected flue gas temperatures into the step 2) for iterative calculation.
5) When the results of two successive iterative calculations are equal, the final corrected flue gas temperature T is obtainedc＝Tj＝Tj-1Finally correcting the gas constant Zc＝Zj＝Zj-1J is not less than 1, and the final correction coefficient k is Tc/T0。
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a correction method for improving the measurement accuracy of a sonic temperature measurement system, taking a garbage incinerator as an example, randomly selecting 20 test conditions of 5 incinerators (respectively marked as incinerator 1, incinerator 2, incinerator 3, incinerator 4, and incinerator 5) of different plants, selecting smoke temperature data of 1 measurement path for correction calculation in each condition, and comparing the temperature data before and after correction, the specific correction method includes the following steps:
1) initial data acquisition: obtaining the initial gas constant Z set by the acoustic temperature measurement system0Calculating the average propagation speed c of the sound wave:
c＝l/t (1)
subsequently, the initial flue gas temperature T is calculated0＝(c/Z0)2Obtaining volume concentration of smoke components in measurement area
Data; the initial data in this example 2 are shown in Table 1. It should be noted that, in order to comply with the application habit of domestic engineering, the data table in this embodiment 2 shows that the temperature units are all in degrees celsius, and the conversion is implemented by the formula (T (° c) ═ T (k) — 273.15).
TABLE 1
Initial gas constant Z set by sound wave temperature measurement system in step 1)0According to the recommended value of 19.08.
The smoke component of the measurement area in the step 1) comprises H2O、O2、CO2And N2Area SO of measurement of respective conditions2The concentrations of CO and NO were low and were not considered in this example.
2) Calculating process data: obtaining the constant pressure specific heat capacity C of each gas component by fitting calculation or table look-up according to the initial flue gas temperaturepiAnd constant volume specific heat capacity Cvi；
Specific heat capacity at constant pressure CpiCalculated by a fitting formula:
specific heat capacity of constant volume CviThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Cvi＝Cpi-R (3)
in the formula, T is the average temperature of the flue gas, and the unit is K; i represents different smoke components; c1～C5The values of the coefficients corresponding to different flue gas constituents are different for fitting the coefficients of the formula, and the specific results are shown in Table 2, according to the initial temperature T listed in step 10Calculated specific heat capacity at constant pressure CpiAnd constant volume specific heat capacity CviThe results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2
| Component (A) | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | Suitable temperature range |
| N2 | 2.911×10-6 | 8.61×10-7 | 1.7016×10-3 | 1×10-8 | 909.79 | 50～1500K |
| O2 | 2.91×10-6 | 1.004×10-6 | 2.5265×10-3 | 9.36×10-7 | 1153.8 | 50～1500K |
| CO2 | 2.937×10-6 | 3.454×10-6 | 1.4280×10-3 | 2.64×10-6 | 588 | 50～1500K |
| H2O | 3.336×10-6 | 2.679×10-6 | 2.6105×10-3 | 8.9×10-7 | 1169 | 100～2273.15K |
TABLE 3
3) And (3) correction calculation: according to the volume concentration of each component of the flue gas
The average molar mass M, the average specific heat capacity ratio γ and the gas constant Z were calculated by the following formulas:
in the formula:
z is a gas constant in m/(K)0.5·s)；
Gamma is a gas specific heat ratio and is a dimensionless parameter;
r is a universal gas constant with a value of 8.314 and the unit of J/(mol.K);
m is the average molar mass of the flue gas, and the unit is kg/mol;
Cpithe constant pressure specific heat capacity of each smoke component is expressed by J/(mol.K);
Cvithe specific heat capacity of each smoke component is determined by the unit of J/(mol.K);
Mithe unit is the molar mass of each smoke component and is kg/mol.
Gas constant Z after 1 st correction in example 2jThe calculation results are shown in Table 4, j is 1, and the calculated constant pressure specific heat capacity CpiAnd constant volume specific heat capacity CviTaken from table 3.
TABLE 4
4) And (3) iterative calculation: the gas constant Z calculated in the step 3) isj(j ≧ 1) substitution formula T ═ c/Z)2To obtain the corrected flue gas temperature Tj(j≥1)：
Tj＝(c/Zj)2 (8)
Wherein:
Tjthe corrected smoke temperature for the jth time is represented by K;
Zjfor the j correctionCalculating the gas constant in m/(K)0.5·s)；
c is the average propagation speed of sound waves, and the unit is m/s;
when T isjIs not equal to Tj-1When it is, T will bejCarrying out iterative calculation in the step 2); the iterative calculation process in this example 2 is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
5) When the results of two successive iterative calculations are equal, the required final corrected flue gas temperature T is obtainedc＝Tj＝Tj-1And finally correcting the gas constant Z of the flue gasc＝Zj＝Zj-1The final correction coefficient k is Tc/T0. It can be seen from table 5 that the results of the 3 rd iteration and the 4 th iteration are equal, the iteration convergence rate is fast, and the final flue gas temperature correction, the correction coefficient and other parameters in this embodiment 2 are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6
As can be seen from the data in Table 6, compared with the data obtained by adopting the correction method of the embodiment 2 under different calculation examples, the temperature is higher by 33.9-94.7 ℃ when the change of smoke components is not considered, the average temperature reaches 66.6 ℃, the relative error is 2.8-7.8 percent and the average temperature reaches 5.5 percent, the measurement error is greatly reduced after the correction method of the embodiment 2 is adopted, and the measurement accuracy of the sound wave temperature measurement system is improved.
The initial gas constant corresponding to the above deviation is 19.08, and even if the average gas constant of 19.51 of 20 examples is used as the initial gas constant for calculation, the maximum deviation can be close to 3%, and when the measured smoke temperature is increased or the smoke components in the working condition have larger deviation, the value is higher.
The parts of the invention which are not described in detail adopt the prior art, and the parts which are not described in detail only adopt the existing products, so that the details are not described herein.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A correction device for improving measurement accuracy of an acoustic wave temperature measurement system is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a sound wave signal transmitting module, a sound wave signal receiving module, a path sound velocity calculating module, a smoke temperature calculating module, a temperature field reducing module, a smoke component measuring module and a gas constant correcting module, wherein the sound wave signal transmitting module is sequentially connected with the sound wave signal receiving module, the path sound velocity calculating module and the smoke temperature calculating module;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an average smoke component real-time feedback signal of a measurement area by introducing a smoke component measurement module and a gas constant correction module, forming a parameter cycle by a smoke temperature calculation module and the gas constant correction module, finishing convergence by setting initial parameters and implementing iterative calculation, obtaining the finally corrected smoke temperature, and carrying out temperature field reduction by a temperature field reduction module to obtain temperature field data of the section of a hearth.
2. The correction device for improving the measurement accuracy of the acoustic wave temperature measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave signal emission module comprises a signal generation circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a signal output device and a signal recording circuit, which are sequentially connected along a signal transmission direction, the signal output device adopts a pneumatic sound generator or an electric sound generator, and the number of the signal output devices is 3 and is respectively arranged on the front wall and the left and right walls of the first channel of the garbage incinerator.
3. The correction device for improving the measurement accuracy of the acoustic thermometry system according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic signal receiving module comprises 9 signal receiving devices connected to the signal output device of the acoustic signal transmitting module, and there are 18 acoustic transmission paths between the signal receiving devices and the signal output device.
4. The correction device for improving the measurement accuracy of the sonic temperature measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the smoke component measurement module comprises 10 sampling pipes, a smoke mixer, a heat tracing pipeline, smoke pretreatment and a smoke analyzer, the sampling pipes are respectively arranged on the left wall and the right wall of the first channel of the garbage incinerator, the sampling pipes are respectively arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the first channel of the garbage incinerator, the sampling pipes arranged on the rear wall are respectively entered from the left wall and the right wall, extend to the arrangement position along the rear wall, and enter the first channel through the partition wall of the first channel of the garbage incinerator and the partition wall of the second channel of the garbage incinerator.
5. The correction method of the correction device for improving the measurement accuracy of the acoustic thermometry system according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:
1) initial data acquisition
The sound wave is emitted from the signal emitting module and transmitted to the signal receiving module through 18 sound wave transmission paths, the sound wave flight time of each sound wave transmission path is calculated through the path sound velocity calculating module, and the average propagation speed of the sound wave is calculated through the distance between the signal receiving equipment and the signal output equipment and the sound wave signal flight time:
c＝l/t (1)
wherein c is the average propagation speed of sound waves and has the unit of m/s;
l is the distance between the signal receiving device and the signal output device, and the unit is m;
t is the sound wave signal flying time, and the unit is s;
the smoke temperature calculation module calculates the initial gas constant Z0Calculating to obtain the initial flue gas temperature T0：
T0＝(c/Z0)2 (2)
In the formula, T0Is the initial flue gas temperature in K;
Z0is the initial gas constant, in m/(K)0.5·s)；
2) Flue gas composition analysis and calculation
The smoke component measuring module measures the average gas component of the cross section after the smoke component measuring module extracts and mixes the smoke components through 10 sampling pipes, and the smoke components in the measuring area are uploaded to the gas constant correcting module to be processed after the volume concentration of each component of the smoke in the measuring area is obtained, so that the corrected gas constant is obtained;
3) iterative computation
The flue gas temperature calculation module and the gas constant correction module form a parameter loop, and the initial parameters are set, iterative calculation is carried out to complete convergence, and finally corrected flue gas path average temperature is obtained;
calculating according to the corrected gas constant calculated in the step 2) to obtain the corrected average temperature of the flue gas path:
Tj＝(c/Zj)2 (8)
in the formula, TjThe corrected average temperature of the flue gas path for the jth time is j more than or equal to 1, and the unit is K;
Zjcalculating the gas constant for the jth correction in m/(K)0.5·s)；
When the smoke temperatures corrected in the two previous times and the smoke temperatures corrected in the two previous times are inconsistent, Tj≠Tj-1Substituting the corrected flue gas temperature into the step 2) for iterative calculation;
4) analysis of results
When the results of two successive iterations are equal, Tj＝Tj-1To obtain the final corrected smoke temperature Tc＝Tj＝Tj-1Finally, make a correctionGas constant Zc＝Zj＝Zj-1The final correction coefficient k is Tc/T0；
5) Reduction by temperature field
The flue gas temperature calculation module transmits the data to the temperature field reduction module for processing, and the temperature field reduction module reduces the measured section temperature field by adopting the corrected flue gas average temperature to obtain the furnace section temperature field data and complete one-time flue gas temperature measurement.
6. The correction method for improving the measurement accuracy of the acoustic thermometry system according to claim 5, wherein in step 1), the initial gas constant Z is set0The sound wave temperature measurement system manufacturer calculates the designed smoke components of the equipment to be measured to give out or set the value according to the recommended value in the literature 19.08.
7. The correction method for improving the measurement accuracy of the acoustic temperature measurement system according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2), the constant pressure specific heat capacity and the constant volume specific heat capacity of each component of the flue gas are calculated or obtained by looking up a table according to the initial flue gas temperature:
Cvi＝Cpi-R (4)
in the formula, T is the average temperature of the flue gas, and the unit is K;
Cpithe constant pressure specific heat capacity of each smoke component is expressed by J/(mol.K);
Cvithe specific heat capacity of each smoke component is determined by the unit of J/(mol.K);
C1～C5the values of the coefficients corresponding to different flue gas components are different for fitting the coefficients of the formula.
8. The correction method for improving the measurement accuracy of the acoustic wave temperature measurement system according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2), the gas constant correction module calculates the average molar mass, the average specific heat capacity ratio and the corrected gas constant of the flue gas according to the volume concentration of each component of the flue gas:
wherein Z is a corrected gas constant in the unit of m/(K)0.5·s)；
Gamma is a gas specific heat ratio and is a dimensionless parameter;
r is a universal gas constant with a value of 8.314 and the unit of J/(mol.K);
m is the average molar mass of the flue gas, and the unit is kg/mol;
Mithe unit is the molar mass of each smoke component and is kg/mol.
9. The correction method for improving the measurement accuracy of the acoustic thermometry system according to claim 5, wherein in step 2), the smoke component comprises O2、CO2、N2、H2O、SO2CO, NO, etc.
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