CN112048662A - 耐时效烘烤硬化钢板及其镀锌板和生产方法 - Google Patents
耐时效烘烤硬化钢板及其镀锌板和生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐时效烘烤硬化钢板及其镀锌板和生产方法,其化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.0011~0.0017%,Si 0.015~0.025%,Mn 0.16~0.26%,P 0.015~0.025%,S≤0.003%,Al 0.035~0.065%,Ti 0.030~0.050%,V 0.009~0.013%,N≤0.0030%,B 0.007~0.010%,Nd 0.07~0.09%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。本钢板通过合理的化学成分设计,具有良好的力学性能和良好的烘烤硬化性及耐时效性,同时利用成分中形成的磁化物特性制造的零部件具有良好的闭合性,可用于制造轿车门内外板和发动机罩内外板等部件。尤其是,本发明钢板组织为超低碳铁素体,在成形过程中,高的塑性应变比和高的应***化指数保证了成形性好,无开裂现象;同时,变形后零件尺寸保持稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钢铁冶金技术领域,尤其是一种耐时效烘烤硬化钢板及其镀锌板和生产方法。
背景技术
随着汽车制造的不断发展,汽车选材更为科学,乘用车外板在减薄的同时要求具有良好的抗凹性,为了增加抗凹性,烘烤硬化钢在乘用车外覆盖件上得到了广泛应用,需求量越来越大。烘烤硬化性是由于零件中铁素体的自由碳在烤漆时固定到位错上而使屈服强度增加的现象,具有优异的烘烤硬化性的钢板烘烤前易于成形,并且最终产品即车身外覆盖件具有很强的抗凹性。因钢卷从出厂到冲压零件烤漆有一定的时间周期,该钢必须具有一定程度的耐时效性能以保证一段时间的时效;时效后冲压会存在拉伸应变痕等表面缺陷,烘烤硬化效应也会降低或消失。
关于烘烤硬化钢板的研究,专利申请公布号CN103228808A公开的 “高强度烘烤硬化型冷轧钢板及其制造方法”的发明专利申请,其化学成分以质量%计含有C:0.0010~0.0040%,Si:0.005~0.05%,Mn:0.1~0.8%,P:0.01~0.07%,S:0.001~0.01%,Al:0.01~0.08%,N:0.0010~0.0050%,Nb:0.002~0.020%以及Mo:0.005~0.050%;所述化学成分还含有选自Cu、Ni、Cr、Sn、V、W、Ca、Mg、Zr以及REM中的至少一种,剩余部分由 Fe和不可避免的杂质组成。该钢板的成分体系过于复杂,从其实施例的化学成分(表1和表2)来看,同时含有Ti、B、V、RE元素的是L实施例;而且还含有W、Ca、Mg、Zr,冶炼难度大而且冶炼原料成本大幅提高。该钢板的生产工艺中,热轧钢板在700~800℃下进行卷取,冷轧还需要实施1.0%以上且1.5%以下的调质轧制,冷轧压下率随成分波动进行调节;卷取温度过高易导致钢板表面氧化且浪费能源,冷轧工艺过于复杂且工艺窗口窄,会降低成材率和生产效率;在770~820℃之间进行连续退火,该退火温度难以保证析出碳的回溶,会导致烘烤硬化值偏低。该钢板的抗拉强度为300MPa以上且450MPa以下,r值≥1.4;从其29个试样的性能结果(表4)来看,其抗拉强度在284~390MPa之间、BH值在18~72MPa之间,r平均值在1.1~1.9之间;显然其性能波动大,难以满足汽车企业应用该钢板连续冲压要求;而且,低的烘烤硬化值(18MPa)难以满足抗凹性指标要求。
专利申请公布号CN 106756554A公开的 “一种耐时效冷轧烘烤硬化钢180BH及其生产方法”的发明专利申请,其化学成分以质量%计含有C:0.001~0.003%、Si≤0.05%、Mn:0.10~0.35%、P:0.03~0.06%、S≤0.015%、Als:0.015~0.060%、Nb:0.005~0.030%、N≤0.0050%、Mo:0.01~0.08%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。该钢成分体系中的C含量波动偏大,基于上限的C含量对时效性会有不利影响,会导致时效期缩短,耐时效性下降;其P含量偏高,对二次加工脆性不利;其卷取温度为680~740℃,波动范围大,难以保证通卷烘烤硬化性和耐时效性稳定;平整延伸率0.5~1.20%,屈服平台会较长,对耐时效性和成形性能会有不利影响,需增加其它工艺窗口的严格控制,增加了对全流程其它工艺环节的控制难度。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有6个月时效期的耐时效型烘烤硬化钢板;本发明还提供了一种耐时效型烘烤硬化钢板的生产方法;本发明还提供了一种耐时效型烘烤硬化钢的镀锌板;本发明还提供了一种耐时效型烘烤硬化钢镀锌板的生产方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明钢板所采取的技术方案是:其化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.0011~0.0017%,Si 0.015~0.025%,Mn 0.16~0.26%,P 0.015~0.025%,S≤0.003%,Al 0.035~0.065%,Ti 0.030~0.050%,V 0.009~0.013%,N≤0.0030%,B 0.007~0.010%,Nd 0.07~0.09%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本发明钢板所述钢板组织为超低碳铁素体。
本发明钢板在50℃及以下的时效期为6个月及以上。
本发明钢板为了保证综合性能优良,各元素含量限定基本原理如下:
C:为固溶强化、烘烤硬化性元素;C含量过低,则钢的抗拉强度不足,烘烤硬化值不足;C含量过高,则钢的塑性低、烘烤硬化值偏高、耐时效性差、成形性能低。
Si:为固溶强化元素;添加少量的Si可明显提高钢的强度,由于Si的成本低廉,通过添加少量Si降低其它固溶强化元素含量,则可降低钢种的原料成本。Si含量过低,无法起到上述作用;Si含量过高,材料表面质量差,影响钢板镀锌性能,也影响钢的焊接性能和成形性能。
Mn:是常规的强韧化元素;但Mn元素含量太高,一方面增加成本,使焊接组织出现硬化层导致裂纹焊缝及热影响区裂纹敏感性增高,另一方面使强度过高塑性变差;Mn含量过低,强度达不到要求。
P:在本发明中,P起到固溶强化作用;P含量小于0.03%时失去固溶强化作用效果;P含量高于0.025%时则会发生二次加工脆性,同时也影响焊接性能。
S:含量在钢中越低越好,超过0.003%会对本发明的钢铁材料烘烤硬化性能和耐时效性产生影响。
Al:在本发明中主要是起到脱氧的作用。
Ti:为碳化物形成元素,将存在于钢中的碳以TiC析出物方式固定,起着控制钢中固溶碳含量的作用,确保烘烤硬化性和耐时效性。
V:主要与N结合,形成钒氮化合物,起到固定氮的作用,同时净化钢质作用。
N:由于N扩散速度快,常温恶化了耐时效性,因此N含量越低越好。
B和Nd:添加一定量的B为了防止其它元素晶界偏析而发生二次加工脆性,也是为了与Nd等元素结合,形成磁化物,对钢板所制作的开闭件起到增强闭合作用。而且但不仅限于Nd 也起到了细化晶粒的作用。
本发明钢板生产方法包括精轧、冷轧和退火处理工序。
本发明钢板生产方法所述精轧工序:钢坯加热到奥氏体单相区进行精轧,卷取温度控制在650~670℃。
本发明钢板生产方法所述冷轧工序:冷轧压下率为76.7~77.3%。
本发明钢板生产方法所述退火处理工序:采用均热温度825~835℃连续退火处理,冷却段冷速20~25℃/s冷却到340~390℃;再以冷速5~10℃/s冷却即可。
本发明钢镀锌板包括冷轧钢板和热浸镀锌层。
本发明钢镀锌板的生产方法包括精轧、冷轧和热浸镀锌工序。
本发明钢镀锌板生产方法所述热浸镀锌工序:所述冷轧钢板先采用均热温度830~840℃连续退火处理,再以冷却段冷速20~25℃/s冷却到460~480℃,最后浸入熔融的锌液中得到镀层。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:本发明通过合理的化学成分设计,具有良好的力学性能和良好的烘烤硬化性及耐时效性,同时利用成分中形成的磁化物特性制造的零部件具有良好的闭合性,可用于制造轿车门内外板和发动机罩内外板等部件。尤其是,本发明钢板组织为超低碳铁素体,在成形过程中,高的塑性应变比和高的应***化指数保证了成形性好,无开裂现象;同时,变形后零件尺寸保持稳定。
本发明方法通过合理的化学成分设计和生产工艺控制,不但具有高强度、高塑性和高拉延性和良好的烘烤硬化性以及耐时效性,保证6个月时效期;同时,因化学成分设计中,添加了一定量的B避免二次加工脆性以及添加了一定量的Nd形成的磁化物利于所制造的开闭件闭合性能提升,可用于制造轿车门内外板件及发动机罩内外板件,体现了具有良好的市场应用前景。
本发明镀锌板及其生产方法,以上述冷轧钢板为基板,具有6个月时效期以及良好的强度、塑性和拉延性和良好的烘烤硬化性。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1是本发明钢板的金相显微组织图。
具体实施方式
实施例1-8:本耐时效烘烤硬化钢板及其镀锌板和生产方法采用下述工艺,其中实施例1-4产品为冷轧退火钢板,实施例5-8产品为镀锌板。
(1)精轧工序:钢坯再加热到奥氏体单相区直接进行精轧,轧后的板厚控制在2.2~3.0mm,卷取温度控制在650~670℃。
(2)冷轧工序:经76.7~77.3%冷轧压下率得到冷轧板厚为0.50~0.70mm的钢卷或钢板。
(3)退火处理工序:实施例1-4采用退火处理,得到冷轧退火钢板;退火过程为:步骤(2)所得钢卷或钢板采用均热温度825~835℃连续退火处理,冷却段冷速20~25℃/s冷却到340~390℃,平整延伸率1.5~1.8%;再以冷速5~10℃/s冷却到室温,得到冷轧退火钢板。
(4)热浸镀锌工序:实施例5-8采用热浸镀锌处理,得到镀锌板;热浸镀锌过程为:步骤(2)所得钢卷或钢板采用均热温度830~840℃连续退火处理,冷却段冷速20~25℃/s冷却到460~480℃,再浸入熔融的锌液中,光整延伸率1.5~1.8%,得到镀锌板。
(5)根据上述工艺过程,各实施例的具体生产工艺见表1,其中实施例1-4为退火处理工艺、实施例5-8为热浸镀锌工艺。
表1:各实施例的具体生产工艺
(6)各实施例所得产品的化学成分见表2,其中实施例5-8为不包括镀层的冷轧钢板的成分;表2中余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
表2:各实施例所得产品的化学成分
(7)本方法所得钢板屈服强度180~200MPa、抗拉强度290~330MPa、延伸率39~43%、塑性应变比(r值)1.75~1.95、应***化指数(n值)0.19~0.23;均具有30~50MPa烘烤硬化性;50℃及以下时效期6个月及以上。由图1可见,本方法所得钢板组织为铁素体;各实施例所得钢板的力学性能、烘烤硬化性能和时效性能见表3。
表3:各实施例所得钢板的力学性能、烘烤硬化性能和时效性能
Claims (10)
1.一种耐时效型烘烤硬化钢板,其特征在于,其化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C0.0011~0.0017%,Si 0.015~0.025%,Mn 0.16~0.26%,P 0.015~0.025%,S≤0.003%,Al0.035~0.065%,Ti 0.030~0.050%,V 0.009~0.013%,N≤0.0030%,B 0.007~0.010%,Nd0.07~0.09%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐时效烘烤硬化钢板,其特征在于:所述钢板组织为超低碳铁素体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐时效烘烤硬化钢板,其特征在于:所述钢板在50℃及以下的时效期为6个月及以上。
4.权利要求1、2或3所述的耐时效烘烤硬化钢的生产方法,其特征在于:包括精轧、冷轧和退火处理工序。
5.根据权利要求4所述的耐时效烘烤硬化钢板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述精轧工序:钢坯加热到奥氏体单相区进行精轧,卷取温度控制在650~670℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的耐时效烘烤硬化钢板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述冷轧工序:冷轧压下率为76.7~77.3%。
7.根据权利要求4、5或6所述的耐时效烘烤硬化钢板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述退火处理工序:采用均热温度825~835℃连续退火处理,冷却段冷速20~25℃/s冷却到340~390℃;再以冷速5~10℃/s冷却即可。
8.权利要求1、2或3所述的耐时效烘烤硬化钢的镀锌板,其特征在于:包括冷轧钢板和热浸镀锌层。
9.权利要求8所述耐时效烘烤硬化钢镀锌板的生产方法,其特征在于:包括精轧、冷轧和热浸镀锌工序。
10.根据权利要求9所述的耐时效烘烤硬化钢镀锌板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述热浸镀锌工序:冷轧钢板先采用均热温度830~840℃连续退火处理,再以冷却段冷速20~25℃/s冷却到460~480℃,最后浸入熔融的锌液中得到镀层。
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