CN112046112A - Intelligent material with electrostriction as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent material with electrostriction as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of materials, and discloses an intelligent material with electrostriction, a preparation method and application thereof. The intelligent material sequentially comprises a first layer of material, a second layer of material and a third layer of material from bottom to top; the first layer material and the third layer material are mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol, a compound formed by a second subgroup element and a sixth main group element; the second layer of material consists essentially of a halide of a polyolefin. The second layer of material mainly comprises halide of polyolefin and nano silver; the intelligent material has the elongation rate of over 380 percent under the stimulation of alternating voltage, can deform under the direct current voltage of 350 volts, and has the elongation rate of 450 percent; the same type of materials in the prior art can have the effect of 100 percent of elongation only under the direct current voltage of 5 kilovolts; the nano silver is added into the second layer of material, so that the elongation of the intelligent material under the same voltage stimulation can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to an intelligent material with electrostriction, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Intelligent material (Intelligent material) is a new functional material which can sense external stimulus, can judge and properly process and can be executed by itself. In recent years, smart materials have been developed, and various functional smart materials have been produced. As an intelligent material, the material can respond to the change of physical conditions. These physical conditions may be force, humidity, pressure, temperature, light, heat, electricity, etc. From the research results reported, there are some reports about smart materials of these physical quantities, and from the quantity, smart responsive smart materials about mechanics, humidity, pressure, temperature, illumination, heat are more, and smart materials about electrical physical quantities are less. However, from the viewpoint of integration and comprehensive application of subsequent efforts, the electrical quantity is most easily applied for integration. The single chip microcomputer is used as a controller, a plurality of electrical intelligent materials can be managed and controlled in an integrated mode, and the single chip microcomputer can be connected with a network to achieve remote control and the like.
At present, the electrical stimulation response type intelligent material is still in the early development stage, and only a few excellent materials come out. Like electrostrictive macrodeformable materials, their development also encounters a number of bottlenecks. Alternating current stimulation tends to have insignificant deformation effects, whereas direct current voltage tends to require more than 5 kilovolts to have significant deformation effects.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide an electrostrictive smart material which exhibits significant deformation when stimulated by alternating current, or even when the direct current voltage is less than 5 kilovolts.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides an intelligent material with electrostriction, the elongation of the intelligent material with electrostriction can exceed 380% under alternating voltage, and can reach 450% under direct voltage of 350 volts, and the intelligent material with electrostriction can be completely recovered after being stretched, and the elongation is still good after being stretched for 50 times.
The intelligent material comprises a first layer of material, a second layer of material and a third layer of material from bottom to top in sequence; the first layer material and the third layer material are mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a compound formed by a second subgroup element and a sixth main group element (or called as an oxygen group element); the second layer of material consists essentially of a halide of a polyolefin.
The second layer of material is softer than the first and third layers of material.
Preferably, the compound of the second subgroup element and the sixth main group element is at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide, mercury oxide, and mercury sulfide.
Further preferably, the compound of the second sub-group element and the sixth main group element is selected from zinc oxide (ZnO) and/or cadmium sulfide (CdS).
Preferably, the halide of the polyolefin is selected from at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF 2).
Further preferably, the second layer of material consists essentially of a halide of a polyolefin and a first subgroup element. The elongation of the intelligent material under the electric stimulation is further promoted.
More preferably, the second layer of material consists essentially of a halide of a polyolefin and nanosilver.
Preferably, the first layer material and the third layer material are the same in composition substance. If the first layer material and the third layer material are different in composition matter, the intelligent material can curl under electric stimulation, and if the first layer material and the third layer material are the same in composition matter, the intelligent material is not prone to curl under electric stimulation.
Preferably, the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the compound formed by the second subgroup element and the sixth main group element in the first layer material and the third layer material is 1 (5-10).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the halide of the polyolefin to the nano silver in the second layer of material is (5-40): 1; preferably (10-30) 1; more preferably (15-25): 1.
Preferably, the size of the compound formed by the second subgroup element and the sixth main group element is 100-400.
Preferably, the thickness of the first layer material is 0.5-30 μm; further preferably, the thickness of the first layer material is 1-10 μm; more preferably, the thickness of the first layer material is 4-5 μm.
Preferably, the thickness of the second layer of material is 0.5-20 mm; further preferably, the thickness of the second layer of material is 1-10 mm; more preferably, the thickness of the second layer of material is 3-4 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the third layer material is 0.5-30 μm; further preferably, the thickness of the third layer material is 1-10 μm; more preferably, the thickness of the third layer material is 4-5 μm.
The electricity in the intelligent material with the electrostriction is alternating current or direct current.
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a mixed solution of alcohol and ketone (namely mixing the alcohol and the ketone), adding polyvinyl alcohol, a compound formed by a second subgroup element and a sixth main group element, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a carrier, standing, and drying to obtain a sample a;
(2) preparing a mixed solution of alcohol and ketone, adding a halide of polyolefin to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a prepared in the step (1), standing, and drying to prepare a sample B;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), then coating the mixture A on the sample b prepared in the step (2), standing, drying and stripping the carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction.
Preferably, the alcohol in step (1) is at least one of methanol, ethanol or propanol.
Preferably, the ketone in step (1) is acetone or butanone.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the alcohol to the ketone in the step (1) is (0.5-3): 1.
preferably, in the step (1), the polyvinyl alcohol is added in an amount of 5 to 15% by mass based on the mixed solution of the alcohol and the ketone.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the compound formed by the second subgroup element and the sixth main group element in the step (1) is (4-12): 1; further preferably, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the compound formed by the second subgroup element and the sixth main group element in the step (1) is (6-10): 1.
preferably, the carrier in step (1) is glass, ceramic or metal sheet.
Preferably, the standing in step (1) is carried out at-10 to 4 ℃ for 10 to 20 hours. The standing can make the film formed by coating the mixture A on the carrier uniform and bubble-free.
Preferably, the drying in step (1) is carried out at 60-100 ℃ for 10-24 hours.
Preferably, in the step (2), the halide of the polyolefin is added in an amount of 5 to 15% by mass based on the mixed solution of the alcohol and the ketone.
Preferably, the mixed solution of alcohol and ketone in step (2) is left at the same temperature and time as in step (1).
Preferably, the slurry containing the first sub-group element is further added to the mixed solution of the alcohol and the ketone in the step (2); further preferably, the slurry containing the first secondary group element is silver paste. Silver pastes are commercially available and are silver pastes formed from nano-silver dispersed in an emulsion.
Preferably, the standing and drying conditions in step (3) are the same as those in step (1).
The intelligent material with the electrostriction is applied to the field of intelligent electric control materials or the field of intelligent home furnishing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the intelligent material prepared by the invention comprises a three-layer structure, under the stimulation of alternating voltage, the elongation can exceed 380 percent, and can deform under the direct current voltage of 350 volts, and the elongation can reach 450 percent; the same type of material in the prior art needs 5 kilovolts of direct current voltage to achieve the effect of 100 percent of elongation.
(2) According to the intelligent material prepared by the invention, the nano silver is added into the material of the second layer, so that the elongation of the intelligent material under the same voltage stimulation can be obviously improved.
(3) The preparation method of the intelligent material is simple, low in production cost, suitable for industrial mass production and more beneficial to application of the intelligent material in the field of intelligent electric control materials and intelligent home furnishing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatuses used in the following examples are conventionally commercially available or can be obtained by conventionally known methods, unless otherwise specified.
The following Ag paste was supplied by east china glass company, model Ag-50, and the main component was nano silver particles.
Example 1: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ZnO (the mass of ZnO is 1/8 of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol), stirring and mixing to prepare a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample a 1;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in an amount of 10% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a1 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample B1;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b1 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-PVA/PVDF/ZnO-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVDF is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-PVA is 4 μm.
Example 2: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ZnO (the mass of ZnO is 1/8 of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol), stirring and mixing to prepare a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample a 2;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, preparing a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in an amount of 8% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a2 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B2;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b2 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-PVA/PVC/ZnO-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVC is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-PVA is 4 μm.
Example 3: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ZnO (the mass of ZnO is 1/8 of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol), stirring and mixing to prepare a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample a 3;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) in an amount of 8.5 percent (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a3 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample B3;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b3 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-PVA/PVF/ZnO-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-PVA is 4 μm.
Example 4: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ZnO (the mass of ZnO is 1/8 of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol), stirring and mixing to prepare a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample a 4;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF2) in an amount of 7.5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a4 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample B4;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b4 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-PVA/PVF 2/ZnO-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF2 was 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-PVA is 4 μm.
Example 5: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CdS (the mass of CdS is 1/8 of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample a 5;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in an amount of 8% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a5 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample B5;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b5 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is represented as CdS-PVA/PVDF/CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVDF is 3 mm; the third layer material CdS-PVA has a thickness of 4 μm.
Example 6: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CdS (the mass of CdS is 1/8 of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample a 6;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, preparing a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in an amount of 8% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a6 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B6;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b6 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is represented as CdS-PVA/PVC/CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVC is 3 mm; the third layer material CdS-PVA has a thickness of 4 μm.
Example 7: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CdS (the mass of CdS is 1/8 of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample a 7;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) in an amount which is 8 percent (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a7 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample B7;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b7 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is represented as CdS-PVA/PVF/CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF is 3 mm; the third layer material CdS-PVA has a thickness of 4 μm.
Example 8: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CdS (the mass of CdS is 1/8 of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample a 8;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, preparing a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF2) in an amount of 6 mass percent of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a8 prepared in the step (1), standing the mixture at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying the mixture at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample B8;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b8 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is represented as CdS-PVA/PVF 2/CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF2 was 3 mm; the third layer material CdS-PVA has a thickness of 4 μm.
Example 9: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 10 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in an amount of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding CdS and ZnO (the mass ratio of the CdS to the ZnO to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1:8), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample a 9;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in an amount of 7% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a9 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 90 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample B9;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b9 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-CdS-PVA/PVDF/ZnO-CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVDF is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA is 4 mu m.
Example 10: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 10 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the amount of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding CdS powder and ZnO powder (the mass ratio of CdS to ZnO to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1:8), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample a 10;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, preparing a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in an amount of 6 mass percent of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a10 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 90 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B10;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b10 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-CdS-PVA/PVC/ZnO-CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVC is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA is 4 mu m.
Example 11: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 10 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the amount of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding CdS powder and ZnO powder (the mass ratio of CdS to ZnO to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1:8), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample a 11;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, preparing a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) in an amount of 6 mass percent of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a11 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 90 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B11;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b11 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electro-deformation, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-CdS-PVA/PVF/ZnO-CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA is 4 mu m.
Example 12: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 10 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the amount of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding CdS powder and ZnO powder (the mass ratio of CdS to ZnO to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1:8), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample a 12;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, preparing a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF2) in an amount of 6 mass percent of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a12 prepared in the step (1), standing the mixture at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying the mixture at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare a sample B12;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b12 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electro-deformation, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-CdS-PVA/PVF 2/ZnO-CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF2 was 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA is 4 mu m.
Example 13: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ZnO powder (the mass ratio of ZnO to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:8) in an amount which is 10 percent of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, stirring and mixing to prepare a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to prepare a sample a 13;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) which accounts for 6 mass percent of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding Ag slurry which accounts for 1:20 of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a13 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B13;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b13 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-PVA/PVDF-Ag/ZnO-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVDF-Ag is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-PVA is 4 μm.
Example 14: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ZnO powder (the mass ratio of ZnO to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:8) in an amount which is 10 percent of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, stirring and mixing to prepare a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to prepare a sample a 14;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which accounts for 6 mass percent of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding Ag slurry which accounts for 1:20 in mass ratio to the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a14 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B14;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b14 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-PVA/PVC-Ag/ZnO-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVC-Ag is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-PVA is 4 μm.
Example 15: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ZnO powder (the mass ratio of ZnO to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:8) in an amount which is 10 percent of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, stirring and mixing to prepare a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to prepare a sample a 15;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) in an amount of 5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding Ag slurry in a mass ratio of the Ag slurry to the PVF of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a15 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B15;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b15 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-PVA/PVF-Ag/ZnO-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF-Ag is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-PVA is 4 μm.
Example 16: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ZnO powder (the mass ratio of ZnO to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:8) in an amount which is 10 percent of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, stirring and mixing to prepare a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to prepare a sample a 16;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF2) in an amount of 5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding Ag slurry in a mass ratio of 1:20 to PVF2, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a16 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B16;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b16 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-PVA/PVF 2-Ag/ZnO-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF2-Ag is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-PVA is 4 μm.
Example 17: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CdS powder (the mass ratio of CdS to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:8) in an amount which is 10 percent of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain a sample a 17;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in an amount of 5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding Ag slurry in a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a17 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B17;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b17 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as CdS-PVA/PVDF-Ag/CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVDF-Ag is 3 mm; the third layer material CdS-PVA has a thickness of 4 μm.
Example 18: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CdS powder (the mass ratio of CdS to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:8) in an amount which is 10 percent of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain a sample a 18;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which accounts for 5 percent (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding Ag slurry which accounts for 1:20 of the mass ratio of the Ag slurry to the PVC, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a18 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B18;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b18 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as CdS-PVA/PVC-Ag/CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVC-Ag is 3 mm; the third layer material CdS-PVA has a thickness of 4 μm.
Example 19: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CdS powder (the mass ratio of CdS to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:8) in an amount which is 10 percent of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain a sample a 19;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) in an amount of 5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding Ag slurry in a mass ratio of the Ag slurry to the PVF of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a19 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B19;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b19 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as CdS-PVA/PVF-Ag/CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF-Ag is 3 mm; the third layer material CdS-PVA has a thickness of 4 μm.
Example 20: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CdS powder (the mass ratio of CdS to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:8) in an amount which is 10 percent of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain a sample a 20;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF2) in an amount of 5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding Ag slurry in a mass ratio of 1:20 to PVF2, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a20 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B20;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method of the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b20 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and peeling off the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is represented as CdS-PVA/PVF 2-Ag/CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF2-Ag is 3 mm; the third layer material CdS-PVA has a thickness of 4 μm.
Example 21: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 10 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in an amount of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding ZnO powder and CdS powder (the mass ratio of the ZnO powder to the CdS to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1:8), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain a sample a 21;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in an amount of 5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding Ag slurry in a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a21 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B21;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b21 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electro-deformation, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-CdS-PVA/PVDF-Ag/ZnO-CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVDF-Ag is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA is 4 mu m.
Example 22: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 10 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in an amount of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding ZnO powder and CdS powder (the mass ratio of the ZnO powder to the CdS to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1:8), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain a sample a 22;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which accounts for 5 percent (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding Ag slurry which accounts for 1:20 of the mass ratio of the Ag slurry to the PVC, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a22 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B22;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b22 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electrostriction, wherein the intelligent material is a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-CdS-PVA/PVC-Ag/ZnO-CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVC-Ag is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA is 4 mu m.
Example 23: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 10 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in an amount of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding ZnO powder and CdS powder (the mass ratio of the ZnO powder to the CdS to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1:8), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain a sample a 23;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) in an amount of 5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding Ag slurry in a mass ratio of the Ag slurry to the PVF of 1:20, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a23 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B23;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b23 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electro-deformation, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-CdS-PVA/PVF-Ag/ZnO-CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF-Ag is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA is 4 mu m.
Example 24: preparation of electrodeformed intelligent material
A preparation method of an intelligent material with electrostriction comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 10 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in an amount of the mixed solution of the ethanol and the acetone, adding ZnO powder and CdS powder (the mass ratio of the ZnO powder to the CdS to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1:8), stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a glass carrier, standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 70 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain a sample a 23;
(2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF2) in an amount of 5% (mass fraction) of the mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, adding Ag slurry in a mass ratio of 1:20 to PVF2, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a23 prepared in the step (1), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a sample B23;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), coating the mixture A on the sample b23 prepared in the step (2), standing at 0 ℃ for 12 hours, drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, and stripping the glass carrier to prepare the intelligent material with the electro-deformation, wherein the intelligent material is of a three-layer structure and is expressed as ZnO-CdS-PVA/PVF 2-Ag/ZnO-CdS-PVA.
The thickness of a first layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA of the intelligent material is 4 mu m; the thickness of the second layer of material PVF2-Ag is 3 mm; the thickness of the third layer material ZnO-CdS-PVA is 4 mu m.
Product effectiveness testing
1. Elongation test of smart materials under alternating voltage
The smart materials prepared in examples 1 to 24 were tested for elongation (energized length-original length)/original length 100%) at an ac voltage of 220V (volts), and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: intelligent material alternating voltage stimulus response test
As can be seen from table 1, the elongation of the smart material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention can reach 390% at an ac voltage of 220v, and particularly, the elongation of the smart material is significantly increased when the second layer material contains silver.
2. Elongation test of smart materials at direct voltage
The smart materials prepared in examples 1 to 24 were tested for elongation (energized length-original length)/original length 100%) at a dc voltage of 320V (volts), and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: intelligent material DC voltage stimulus response test
As can be seen from Table 2, the smart material prepared by the embodiment of the invention can respond to the stimulus of 320V DC voltage, and the elongation of the smart material can reach 450%.
3. Performance test of intelligent material repeated expansion
The intelligent material prepared in the example 24 is taken, the stretching performance of the intelligent material is repeatedly tested by direct current voltage, and the elongation of the intelligent material can still reach 430 percent after 50 times of cycle test.
Claims (10)
1. The intelligent material for the electro-deformation is characterized by comprising a first layer of material, a second layer of material and a third layer of material from bottom to top in sequence; the first layer material and the third layer material are mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol, a compound formed by a second subgroup element and a sixth main group element; the second layer of material consists essentially of a halide of a polyolefin.
2. The electro-deformable smart material of claim 1, wherein the compound of the second subgroup element with the sixth main group element is selected from at least one of zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide, mercury oxide, or mercury sulfide.
3. The electro-deformable smart material of claim 2, wherein the compound of the second subgroup element with the sixth main group element is selected from zinc oxide and/or cadmium sulfide.
4. An electro-deformable smart material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the halide of the polyolefin is selected from at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride.
5. An intelligent material according to claim 1, wherein the second layer of material consists essentially of a polyolefin halide and a first subgroup element, and preferably the second layer of material consists essentially of a polyolefin halide and nanosilver.
6. The intelligent material of claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the polyolefin halide to the nano silver in the second layer of material is (5-40): 1.
7. An electro-deformable smart material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first layer of material has a thickness of 0.5-30 μm; the thickness of the second layer of material is 0.5-20 mm.
8. The method of preparing an electrostrictive smart material as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7, including the steps of:
(1) preparing a mixed solution of alcohol and ketone, adding polyvinyl alcohol, a compound formed by a second subgroup element and a sixth main group element, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture A, coating the mixture A on a carrier, standing, and drying to obtain a sample a;
(2) preparing a mixed solution of alcohol and ketone, adding a halide of polyolefin to prepare a mixture B, coating the mixture B on the sample a prepared in the step (1), standing, and drying to prepare a sample B;
(3) preparing a mixture A according to the same method in the step (1), then coating the mixture A on the sample b prepared in the step (2), standing, drying and stripping the carrier to obtain the intelligent material with the electrostriction.
9. The method for preparing an intelligent material for electrostriction according to claim 8, wherein in said step (1), the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the compound formed from the second subgroup element to the sixth main group element is (4 to 12): 1.
10. application of the electrostrictive smart material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to the field of smart electrical control materials or smart home.
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