CN112045185B - Method for preparing functionally graded material based on selective laser melting technology, computer-readable storage medium and electronic device - Google Patents
Method for preparing functionally graded material based on selective laser melting technology, computer-readable storage medium and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a functionally graded material, which comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the target functional gradient material on a computer; setting printing strategies and printing parameters to control different evaporation amounts of alloy elements in different areas; subdividing the three-dimensional model based on the printing strategy and the printing parameters to obtain contour printing data of each section, and inputting the printing data into a printer; based on the printing data, the alloy powder is printed and molded by adopting a printing mode of feeding powder layer by layer and laser scanning melting layer by layer; the printing strategy is to control any one of different laser scanning times, heat input quantity or pressure in the alloy powder cabin chamber among different areas of different alloy powder layers or alloy powder layers on the same layer to be different. The invention further relates to a computer readable storage medium and an electronic device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field, in particular to a functional gradient material prepared based on a selective laser melting technology, a preparation method thereof, a computer readable storage medium and electronic equipment.
Background
The concept of FuncTionally Graded materials (functinoally Graded materials) was first introduced in the 80 s of the nineteenth century by nove et al, japan scholars. The functionally graded material is a material with the material properties of elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and the like changed in a continuous gradient from one end to the other end. The functional changes of this gradient are caused by the gradient changes of the elemental composition, the microstructure and the atomic arrangement of the material. Since the functionally graded material has a continuously changing coefficient of thermal expansion, it was primarily used for thermal stress relaxation in the early days. With the progress of scientific technology, the functionality of the functionally gradient material is gradually diversified. At present, gradient materials with other functions such as photoelectric conversion, thermoelectric conversion and the like have attracted attention, and the functional gradient materials are widely applied to a plurality of frontier fields such as artificial bones, electromagnetic shielding, ceramic filtering, aerospace, solar cells and the like. The study of functionally graded materials, which have become the leading topic in the fields of material processing and material science, has now been placed under the national '843' program.
The preparation of the functionally gradient material requires realization of controllable changes in the aspects of the element components, the organization structure and the like of the material so as to meet the use requirements, has higher difficulty and process requirements, and cannot be realized by the traditional casting, rolling and other modes. At present, the preparation of the functional gradient material mainly comprises a self-propagating combustion high-temperature synthesis method, a powder metallurgy method, a centrifugal casting method, a gas phase precipitation method, an electrodeposition method, a plasma spraying method, a laser cladding method and the like. The laser cladding method is a method of adding an external material to a substrate by powder feeding or wire feeding and realizing bonding by direct melting of high-energy laser. The laser cladding method generally realizes control of cladding thermal cycle by changing laser printing parameters such as laser power, spot diameter and the like, and further realizes gradient change of material microstructure and performance. However, in the laser cladding process, the external material is directly heated and melted by laser, and the adopted laser has a large spot diameter, so that the complex and precise preparation of the functional gradient material cannot be realized. In contrast, the SelecTive Laser MelTing technology (SelecTive Laser MelTing) realizes additive manufacturing of materials by layer-by-layer powder feeding and layer-by-layer MelTing. The spot diameter and the laser power adopted by the selective laser melting technology are smaller than those of the laser cladding technology, so that the printing with higher precision and smaller rod diameter can be realized, and the selective laser melting technology is suitable for printing precise and complicated structural members such as bone implants. Meanwhile, the printed structural part has higher mechanical property due to the higher cooling speed and the higher linear energy density.
The traditional selective laser melting technology is not suitable for preparing functional gradient materials at present. The powder in the powder bin is a single material in the whole additive manufacturing process, the printing parameters adopted by printing are stable and unchanged in the whole printing process, and the gradient preparation of the material cannot be realized in the horizontal and vertical directions. The patent WO2019184659A1 regulates and controls the alloy element composition of powder in the printing process in a mode of gradient powder mixing so as to realize the printing of the functional gradient material by a selective laser melting technology, and the mode makes the printing process complicated, and more importantly, the mixing of the powder destroys the uniformity and the integrity of the powder and has potential influence on the printing quality. The patent CN105386037B realizes the printing of the functional gradient material by the selective laser melting technology by adding the powder hopper of the second material above the powder bin, which makes the equipment more complex, and the powder hopper feeds the powder by splashing, and the uniformity and compactness of the powder feeding is to be examined.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, there is a need for a new functionally graded material prepared based on selective laser melting technology without mixing powder in advance and modifying equipment, a method for preparing the same, a computer readable storage medium and an electronic device, and the prepared functionally graded material is more uniform and compact.
One aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a functionally graded material, comprising the steps of:
establishing a three-dimensional model of the target functional gradient material on a computer;
setting printing strategies and printing parameters to control different evaporation amounts of alloy elements in different areas;
subdividing the three-dimensional model based on the printing strategy and the printing parameters to obtain contour printing data of each section, and inputting the printing data into a printer;
based on the printing data, the alloy powder is printed and molded by adopting a printing mode of feeding powder layer by layer and laser scanning melting layer by layer;
and the printing strategy is to control at least one of laser scanning times, heat input quantity or pressure in the alloy powder cabin chamber between different alloy powder layers and/or different areas of the same layer of alloy powder layer.
In one embodiment, the printing strategy comprises controlling any one of the laser scanning times, the heat input amount or the pressure in the alloy powder chamber among different alloy powder layers, and the laser scanning times, the heat input amount or the pressure in the alloy powder chamber from the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layer to be bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnAnd bn-1Take different values.
In one of the embodiments, bn>bn-1。
In one of themIn one embodiment, bn<bn-1。
In one of the embodiments, bnAnd bn-2Take the same value.
In one of the embodiments, bnNumber of laser scans, bnTaking any integer of 0-30.
In one of the embodiments, bnAs heat input, bnAny value of 0.05J/mm-1J/mm is taken.
In one of the embodiments, bnIs the pressure in the chamber of the alloy powder, bnTaking any value from 0.1bar to 10 bar.
In one embodiment, the printing strategy comprises the steps of controlling different scanning times among different areas of the same layer of alloy powder layer, dividing the same layer of alloy powder layer into an area 1 and an area 2, carrying out laser scanning for 1 time in the area 1, carrying out laser scanning for 2-24 times in the area 2, and adopting the same printing strategy for each layer of alloy powder layer.
In one embodiment, each layer of gold powder is provided with only 1 region 1 and 1 region 2, wherein the regions 1 and 2 are regular rectangles or squares and the regions 1 and 2 are partially overlapped.
In one embodiment, the width of the overlapping area is 0.5mm to 3 mm.
In one embodiment, each layer of gold powder is provided with only 1 of said regions 1 and 1 of said regions 2, said regions 1 and 2 being of irregular shape and said regions 2 being surrounded by said regions 1.
In one embodiment, each layer of the gold powder is provided with a plurality of the regions 1 and a plurality of the regions 2, and the regions 1 and the regions 2 are alternately distributed. In one embodiment, the printing strategy is to control the laser scanning times between different alloy powder layers and between different areas of the same alloy powder layer at the same time, divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of sections with certain heights in the vertical direction, divide each section into an area 1 and/or an area 2, and distribute the area 1 and the area 2 differently on each section, perform 1 laser scanning on the area 1, and perform 2-24 laser scanning on the area 2.
In one embodiment, the printing parameters are set as that the laser scanning power is 100W-500W, the scanning speed is 400 mm/s-1200 mm/s, the layer thickness is 0.01 mm-0.5 mm, the scanning interval is 0.05 mm-0.1 mm, the laser spot diameter is 50 μm-70 μm, the interlayer scanning direction rotates 90 degrees, and the scanning path is a zigzag path.
In one embodiment, the printer is a selective laser melting printer.
In one embodiment, the alloy powder has a particle size of 15 μm to 43 μm.
In one embodiment, the alloy powder comprises at least one metal element having a boiling point below 1500K.
Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer instruction, program, code set, or instruction set which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the printing strategy.
Yet another aspect of the present invention also provides an electronic device including:
one or more processors; and
a storage device storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the print policy.
The inventor of the invention finds that the equilibrium vapor pressure of different metals has obvious difference in the laser melting printing process, so that the evaporation amounts of different metals in the melting process are different. The content of metals with a high evaporation tendency decreases with each scan. In the area with less scanning times, the evaporation amount of the metal components with high evaporation tendency is relatively less, and the content of the metal components remained in the tissue of the area is higher; in regions with a higher number of scans, the content of metal components with a high tendency to evaporate remaining in the tissue is lower. By scanning the metal in a layer or a specific area repeatedly, the content of the metal component with high evaporation tendency in the area is greatly reduced due to the longer burning time. Or in the area with lower heat input or pressure in the alloy powder chamber when the scanning times are the same, the evaporation amount of the metal component with high evaporation tendency is relatively less, and the content of the metal component remained in the structure in the area is higher; in the region where the heat input or the pressure in the alloy powder chamber is high, the content of the metal component having a high tendency to evaporate remaining in the structure is small. According to the preparation method of the functionally graded material provided by the embodiment of the invention, the different evaporation amounts (burning loss degrees) of the alloy elements are controlled by controlling the scanning times and the heat input among different layers and the pressure in the alloy powder cabin, so that the content of the alloy elements in different positions of the same material is different. The content of the alloy elements has a decisive influence on the microstructure of the material, and directly influences the crystallization behavior, solid solution aging and precipitation of the material, thereby influencing the comprehensive properties of the material, such as mechanical property, linear expansion coefficient and the like. Therefore, the evaporation capacity of the alloy elements in different areas is controlled, so that the content of the alloy elements in the material is distributed in a gradient manner, and the functionally gradient material can be successfully prepared. The preparation method of the functional gradient material provided by the invention can realize the preparation of the functional gradient material with gradual change layer by layer in the vertical direction, and can also realize the preparation of the functional gradient material with complex structures such as gradual change layer by layer in the horizontal direction, a sandwich gradient structure, an alternate lamination gradient structure and the like, and the internal tissue of the prepared functional gradient material is more uniform and compact.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the functionally graded material and the functionally graded material prepared by the preparation method have the following advantages:
1. the selective laser additive manufacturing of the gradient material can be realized only by adjusting the printing strategy, special equipment and process are not needed, and the preparation cost of the functional gradient material is reduced.
2. The method is suitable for preparing functionally graded materials of all alloys, and has stronger applicability.
3. Besides the preparation of the traditional functional gradient material in the vertical direction, the preparation method provided by the invention can also realize a horizontal direction and alternate lamination gradient structure and a sandwich gradient structure, and the manufacturing freedom degree is high.
4. The prepared functional gradient material has the advantages of precise and controllable tissue performance, more uniform and more compact tissue structure, and can realize the printing of parts with higher precision and smaller rod diameter (the rod diameter can be less than 200 microns).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a printing strategy for preparing functionally graded materials with different alloy element contents in the vertical direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a functionally graded material with different alloying element contents in the vertical direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertically alternating layered gradient material prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a printing strategy of a functionally graded material with different alloy element contents in the horizontal direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a functionally graded material with different alloying element contents in the horizontal direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontally alternating layered gradient material prepared according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sandwich gradient material prepared according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a sandwich gradient material prepared according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, a more particular description of the invention will now be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Other than as shown in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, physical and chemical properties, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". For example, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification and attached claims are approximations that can be suitably varied by those skilled in the art in seeking to obtain the desired properties utilizing the teachings disclosed herein. The use of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range and any range within that range, for example, 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5, and the like.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a functional gradient material, which comprises the following steps:
s10, establishing a three-dimensional model of the target functional gradient material on a computer;
s20, setting printing strategies and printing parameters to control different evaporation amounts of alloy elements in different areas;
s30, subdividing the three-dimensional model based on the printing strategy and the printing parameters to obtain contour printing data of each section, and inputting the printing data into a printer;
and S40, based on the printing data, the alloy powder is printed and molded by adopting a printing mode of layer-by-layer powder feeding and layer-by-layer laser scanning melting.
The printing strategy is to control any one of the laser scanning times, the heat input quantity or the pressure in the alloy powder cabin chamber between different alloy powder layers and/or different areas of the same layer of alloy powder layer.
According to the preparation method of the functionally graded material provided by the embodiment of the invention, the different evaporation amounts (burning loss degrees) of the alloy elements are controlled by controlling the scanning times and the heat input among different layers and the pressure in the alloy powder cabin, so that the content of the alloy elements in different positions of the same material is different. The content of the alloy elements has a decisive influence on the microstructure of the material, and directly influences the crystallization behavior, solid solution aging and precipitation of the material, thereby influencing the comprehensive properties of the material, such as mechanical property, linear expansion coefficient and the like. Therefore, the evaporation capacity of the alloy elements in different areas is controlled, so that the content of the alloy elements in the material is distributed in a gradient manner, and the functionally gradient material can be successfully prepared. The preparation method of the functional gradient material provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the preparation of the functional gradient material with small size and high precision and with gradual change layer by layer in the vertical direction, and can also realize the preparation of the functional gradient material with complex structures such as gradual change layer by layer in the horizontal direction, a sandwich gradient structure, an alternate lamination gradient structure and the like, and the internal tissue of the prepared functional gradient material is more uniform and compact.
In step S20, the print strategy can be implemented in various ways.
The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: the printing strategy is to control the laser scanning times among different alloy powder layers and carry out b on the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layernSub-laser scanning, wherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, and bnAny integer of 0 to 30, and bnAnd bn-1Take different values.
Referring to fig. 1, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 …, and b is performed after the powder is spread on the 1 st to the a th layers1Secondary laser scanning, powder-laying of the 1+ a to 2a layers and then b2Secondary laser scanning, sequentially spreading powder for laser scanning, and performing b on the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layernAnd (4) secondary laser scanning. b1、b2、b3…bnAny integer of 0 to 30, and b1And b2Different values of b2And b3Is different from … bnAnd bn-1The values are different.
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with randomly arranged alloy element content in the vertical direction.
The second embodiment: the printing strategy is to control the laser scanning times among different alloy powder layers from the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the 1 st layerna layer to bnSub-laser scanning, wherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, and bnAny integer of 0 to 30, and bn>bn-1。
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with the alloy element content gradually reduced from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The bottom-to-top is from the 1 st layer to the na layer, please refer to fig. 2.
The third embodiment is as follows: the printing strategy is to control the laser scanning times among different alloy powder layers and carry out b on the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layernSub-laser scanning, wherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, and bnAny integer of 0 to 30, and bn<bn-1。
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with the alloy element content gradually increasing from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The bottom to top is from the 1 st layer to the na layer.
The fourth embodiment: the printing strategy is to control the laser scanning times among different alloy powder layers and carry out b on the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layernSub-laser scanning, wherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, and bnAny integer of 0 to 30, and bnAnd bn-1Taking different values of bnAnd bn-2Take the same value.
This embodiment can produce functionally graded materials with the alloying element content in the vertical direction in an overlapping distribution (i.e., an alternating stacked gradient structure), as shown in fig. 3.
The fifth embodiment: the printing strategy is to control the heat input quantity between different alloy powder layers, and the heat input quantity from the 1 plus (n-1) a layer to the na layer is bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnTaking any value of 0.05J/mm-1J/mm, and bnAnd bn-1Take different values.
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with randomly arranged alloy element content in the vertical direction.
Embodiment six: the printingThe strategy is to control the heat input quantity between different alloy powder layers, and the heat input quantity from the 1 plus (n-1) a layer to the na layer is bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnTaking any value of 0.05J/mm-1J/mm, and bn>bn-1。
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with the alloy element content gradually reduced from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The bottom to top is from the 1 st layer to the na layer.
Embodiment seven: the printing strategy is to control the heat input quantity between different alloy powder layers, and the heat input quantity from the 1 plus (n-1) a layer to the na layer is bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnTaking any value of 0.05J/mm-1J/mm, and bn<bn-1。
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with the alloy element content gradually increasing from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The bottom to top is from the 1 st layer to the na layer.
The eighth embodiment: the printing strategy is to control the heat input quantity between different alloy powder layers, and the heat input quantity from the 1 plus (n-1) a layer to the na layer is bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnTaking any value of 0.05J/mm-1J/mm, and bnAnd bn-1Taking different values of bnAnd bn-2Take the same value.
The embodiment can prepare the functionally gradient material with the alloy element content in the vertical direction in an overlapped distribution (namely an alternate laminated gradient structure).
The ninth embodiment: the printing strategy is to control the pressure in the alloy powder cabin between different alloy powder layers, and the pressure in the alloy powder cabin from the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layer is bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnTaking any value from 0.1bar to 10bar, and bnAnd bn-1Take different values.
Embodiment ten: the printing strategy is to control the alloy powder cabin between different alloy powder layersThe pressure in the chamber from the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layer is bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnTaking any value from 0.1bar to 10bar, and bn>bn-1。
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with the alloy element content gradually reduced from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The bottom to top is from the 1 st layer to the na layer.
Embodiment eleven: the printing strategy is to control the pressure in the alloy powder cabin between different alloy powder layers, and the pressure in the alloy powder cabin from the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layer is bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnTaking any value from 0.1bar to 10bar, and bn<bn-1。
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with the alloy element content gradually increasing from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The bottom to top is from the 1 st layer to the na layer.
Embodiment twelve: the printing strategy is to control the pressure in the alloy powder cabin between different alloy powder layers, and the pressure in the alloy powder cabin from the 1+ (n-1) a layer to the na layer is bnWherein a is 100-1000, n is a continuous integer greater than or equal to 1, bnTaking any value from 0.1bar to 10bar, and bnAnd bn-1Taking different values of bnAnd bn-2Take the same value.
The embodiment can prepare the functionally gradient material with the alloy element content in the vertical direction in an overlapped distribution (namely an alternate laminated gradient structure).
Embodiment thirteen: the printing strategy is to control the scanning times of different areas of the alloy powder layer on the same layer to be different. Referring to fig. 4, the alloy powder layer on the same layer is divided into a region 1 and a region 2, 1 laser scanning is performed in the region 1, 2-24 laser scanning is performed in the region 2, and the same printing strategy is adopted for each layer of alloy powder layer.
The embodiment can prepare the functionally graded material with the graded distribution of the alloy element content in the horizontal direction.
Based on the printing strategy of the sixth embodiment, the region 1 and the region 2 may be regular shapes or irregular shapes. The distribution form of the regions 1 and the regions 2 can be a plurality of distribution forms such as partial overlapping, alternation, surrounding and the like. Each layer of gold powder may be provided with 1 or more of said regions 1, 1 or more of said regions 2.
In one embodiment, each layer of gold powder is provided with only 1 said area 1 and 1 said area 2, said areas 1 and 2 being both regular rectangles or squares and said areas 1 and 2 partially overlapping. This embodiment makes it possible to produce a functionally graded material having a graded distribution of the alloying element content in the horizontal direction in the shape of a rectangle, as shown in FIG. 5.
The width of the overlapping area may be any value between 0.5mm and 3mm, and may be, for example, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 2.8 mm.
In one embodiment, each layer of the gold powder is provided with a plurality of the regions 1 and a plurality of the regions 2, and the regions 1 and the regions 2 are alternately distributed. The embodiment can prepare the functionally gradient material (namely, an alternate laminated gradient structure) with the alloy element content distributed alternately in the horizontal direction. As shown in fig. 6, both the area 1 and the area 2 in fig. 6 are rectangular, but the shapes of the area 1 and the area 2 are not limited to rectangular, and may be square, triangle, diamond, circle, or other irregular shapes.
In one embodiment, each layer of gold powder is provided with only 1 of said regions 1 and 1 of said regions 2, said regions 1 and 2 being of irregular shape and said regions 2 being surrounded by said regions 1. This embodiment allows the preparation of functionally graded materials in the shape of a sandwich gradient structure. As shown in fig. 7, the region 2 is a letter "N" or "H", and the region 1 is an irregular shape enclosed outside the letter "N" or "H".
The embodiment fourteen: the printing strategy is to control the laser scanning times between different alloy powder layers and between different areas of the same layer of alloy powder layer at the same time. The three-dimensional model is divided into a plurality of sections with certain heights in the vertical direction, each section is divided into an area 1 and/or an area 2, the distribution of the areas 1 and 2 on each section is different, 1 laser scanning is carried out on the area 1, and 2-24 laser scanning is carried out on the area 2.
This embodiment may also sandwich functionally graded materials of a graded structure.
Referring to fig. 8, the three-dimensional model is divided into (a) to (g)7 sections in the vertical direction, and each section is divided into a region 1 and/or a region 2. The heights of the 7 sections can be the same or different, and need to be determined according to the shape of the actual part, so that the distribution of the areas 1 and 2 on each section is different. I.e. regions 1 and 2 are equally distributed in the same cross-section. And carrying out 1 laser scanning in the area 1, and carrying out 2-24 laser scanning in the area 2. The alloy powder is fed layer by layer and is melted by layer by laser scanning, and the finally obtained part is shown in fig. 7, wherein the content of the alloy elements of the letters 'N' and 'H' in the region 2 is different from that of the alloy elements in the region 1, so that the functional gradient material with the sandwich gradient structure is formed.
The printing parameters may be set as: the laser scanning power is 100W-500W, the scanning speed is 400 mm/s-1200 mm/s, the layer thickness is 0.01 mm-0.5 mm, the scanning interval is 0.05 mm-0.1 mm, the laser spot diameter is 50 μm-70 μm, the interlayer scanning direction rotates 90 degrees, and the scanning path is a zigzag path.
In one embodiment, the printer is selected to be a selective laser melting printer. The selective laser melting printer adopts fine focusing light spots to melt the alloy powder quickly, so that the density and the size precision of the material can be further improved, and the roughness of the surface of the material is reduced.
The particle size of the alloy powder may be any value up to 15 to 43 μm, and may be 16, 17, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 μm, for example.
Preferably, the alloy powder comprises at least one metallic element having a boiling point below 1500K. More preferably, the alloy powder contains at least one metal element of Zn, Mg, Al.
Step S40, the step of printing and molding the alloy powder by adopting a printing mode of layer-by-layer powder feeding and layer-by-layer laser scanning melting based on the printing data comprises the following steps:
s41, pre-placing alloy powder in a printer powder cabin, pre-placing a scraper on a focal plane, and carrying out gas washing on the powder cabin by using protective gas and preheating;
and S42, performing additive manufacturing melting forming on the alloy powder layer by layer based on the printing data.
In step S41, the powder compartment is purged with a protective gas to control the oxygen content to 800ppm or less. The preheating temperature can be 100-200 ℃.
After the additive manufacturing melting process of step S42 is finished, the method further includes the following steps:
and opening the cabin door after the cabin temperature is cooled to room temperature, recovering and screening the powder in the cabin, and storing by using a vacuum bag for secondary use. And taking the printed part and the substrate out, separating the part and the substrate by wire cutting or a small manual saw, and cleaning powder on the surface of the part by using compressed air. And (3) performing heat treatment on the part under the conditions of keeping the temperature at 200-500 ℃ for 1-2 hours and using argon as the atmosphere.
The circulating air supply system can blow off the redundant powder in the alloy powder printing process.
An aspect of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer instruction, a program, a set of codes, or a set of instructions which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute a printing strategy as described above.
Any combination of one or more computer-readable media may be employed. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C + +, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
Yet another aspect of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including:
one or more processors; and
a storage device storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement a printing strategy as described above.
Optionally, the electronic device may further comprise a transceiver. The processor is coupled to the transceiver, such as via a bus. It should be noted that the transceiver in practical application is not limited to one, and the structure of the electronic device does not constitute a limitation to the embodiment of the present invention.
The processor may be a CPU, general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardware component, or any combination thereof. Which may implement or perform the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure. A processor may also be a combination of computing functions, e.g., comprising one or more microprocessors, a DSP and a microprocessor, or the like.
A bus may include a path that transfers information between the above components. The bus may be a PCI bus or an EISA bus, etc. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The memory 802 may be, but is not limited to, a ROM or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a RAM or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, an EEPROM, a CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compact disk, laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk, blu-ray disk, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
The invention also provides a functionally graded material obtained by the preparation method of the functionally graded material.
The invention further provides the application of the preparation method of the functional material in preparing bone implants.
The following are specific examples. In the following embodiments, a selective laser additive manufacturing printer with a circulation automatic air supply system and a substrate preheating function with a maximum power of 500W is adopted. The printer is S-210 manufactured by Xian platinum additive manufacturing technologies, Inc.
Example 1
The alloy powder adopted in the embodiment is Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb titanium alloy powder, and the grain diameter is 15-43 mu m.
(1) Drawing a cuboid model with the size of 10 x 40mm on a computer, and adding a bar-shaped support with the radius of 1mm and the height of 1mm distributed in a 3 x 3 lattice at the bottom of the cuboid.
(2) The printing strategy is that the cuboid gradient part is printed as a first layer from the beginning, and 1 st to 100 th layers of powder are subjected to 1 laser scanning. And (3) performing 2 laser scans on the 101 th to 200 th layers of powder, increasing the scanning times of the powder of the 100 th layers by 1 time without increasing, and calculating the total scanning times by subdivision software. The printing parameters are as follows: the laser power is set to be 100W, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.085mm, the layer thickness is 0.04mm, the diameter of a laser spot is 60 mu m, the scanning direction between layers is rotated by 90 degrees, and the scanning path is a zigzag path.
(3) And (3) exporting the drawn model into stl format, and subdividing the model on a computer by using subdivision software matched with a printer, wherein the subdivision is based on the printing strategy and the printing parameters in the step (2). And importing the split engineering file to printing equipment for printing.
(4) The method comprises the steps of presetting Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb titanium alloy powder in a powder bin of a selective laser additive printer, presetting a scraper on a focal plane of equipment, performing gas washing by using argon as a protective gas to control the oxygen content to be below 800ppm, preheating a substrate at 150 ℃, starting a circulating air supply system after preheating is completed, and printing.
(5) After printing, open the hatch door after the cabin temperature cools to the room temperature, retrieve the screening to the powder in the cabin, use the vacuum bag to save so that the secondary use. And taking out the printed part and the substrate, separating the printed part and the substrate by wire cutting, and cleaning residual powder on the surface of the printed part by using compressed air. The parts were heat treated using a 750 ℃ hold for 1.5 hours in an argon atmosphere.
Example 2
The alloy powder used in this example was Mg-5.2 Zn-0.5 Zr (ZK60) magnesium alloy powder, and the particle size was 15 to 43 μm. This example prepares a horizontal sandwich functional gradient material in the form of "NH", and the specific operation is as follows,
(1) drawing a cuboid model with the size of 100 x 40mm on a computer, and adding 5 x 5 lattice distributed bar supports with the radius of 1mm and the height of 1mm at the bottom of the cuboid.
(2) Printing strategy there are two different printing strategies, zone 1 and zone 2, for the selected area melt area of the entire part. The area 1 is single laser scanning, the scanning power is 80W, the scanning speed is 400mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.07mm, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the diameter of a laser spot is 60 mu m, the scanning direction between layers is rotated by 90 degrees, and the scanning path is a zigzag path; the laser process parameters used in region 2 are the same as in region 1, and the number of scans is 5.
The three-dimensional model is divided into 7 sections (a) to (g) in the vertical direction, the height of the section (a) is 0-6 mm, the height of the section (b) is 6-13mm, the height of the section (c) is 13-16mm, the height of the section (d) is 16-24mm, the height of the section (e) is 24-27mm, the height of the section (f) is 27-34mm, and the height of the section (g) is 34-40 mm. (a) FIGS. 8 show that the distributions of the regions 1 and 2 are different in 7 cross sections.
(3) And (3) exporting the drawn model into stl format, and subdividing the model on a computer by using subdivision software matched with a printer, wherein the subdivision is based on the printing strategy and the printing parameters in the step (2). And importing the split engineering file to printing equipment for printing.
(4) Presetting Mg-5.2 Zn-0.5 Zr (ZK60) magnesium alloy powder in a powder bin of a selective laser additive printer, presetting a scraper on a focal plane of the equipment, performing gas washing by using argon as a protective gas to control the oxygen content to be below 50ppm, preheating the substrate at 200 ℃, starting a circulating air supply system after preheating is completed, and printing.
(5) After printing, open the hatch door after the cabin temperature cools to the room temperature, retrieve the screening to the powder in the cabin, use the vacuum bag to save so that the secondary use. Taking out the printed part and the substrate, separating the printed part from the substrate by a small-sized manual saw, cleaning residual powder on the surface of the part by using compressed air, soaking the part in alcohol, cleaning for 20 minutes by adopting the frequency of 25kHZ, further removing powder attached to the surface, and finally drying the alcohol by using a blower.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the functionally graded material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
establishing a three-dimensional model of the target functional gradient material on a computer;
setting printing strategies and printing parameters to control different evaporation amounts of alloy elements in different areas;
subdividing the three-dimensional model based on the printing strategy and the printing parameters to obtain contour printing data of each section, and inputting the printing data into a printer;
based on the printing data, the alloy powder is printed and molded by adopting a printing mode of feeding powder layer by layer and laser scanning melting layer by layer;
the printing strategy is that two different printing strategies, namely a zone 1 and a zone 2, are arranged in a selective melting zone of the whole part, the zone 1 is subjected to single laser scanning, the scanning power is 80W, the scanning speed is 400mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.07mm, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the diameter of a laser spot is 60 mu m, the scanning direction between layers rotates 90 degrees, and the scanning path is a zigzag path; the laser process parameters used in the area 2 are the same as those in the area 1, and the scanning times are 5 times;
dividing the three-dimensional model into (a) to (g)7 sections in the vertical direction, wherein the height of the section (a) is 0-6 mm, the height of the section (b) is 6-13mm, the height of the section (c) is 13-16mm, the height of the section (d) is 16-24mm, the height of the section (e) is 24-27mm, the height of the section (f) is 27-34mm, the height of the section (g) is 34-40mm, and the distribution of the areas 1 and 2 of the 7 sections of (a) to (g) is different;
the particle size of the alloy powder is 15-43 mu m, and the alloy powder is Mg-5.2 Zn-0.5 Zr magnesium alloy powder;
the printer is a selective laser melting printer.
2. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer instruction, program, set of codes or set of instructions which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the printing strategy of claim 1.
3. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors; and
a storage device storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the printing strategy of claim 1.
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| CN113145860A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-23 | 长安大学 | Method, system, equipment and storage medium for manufacturing and preparing parts in additive manufacturing mode |
| CN113427019B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2023-03-10 | 清华大学 | Method for manufacturing composite material and metal bone implant with structural function |
| CN113351882B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-10-25 | 清华大学 | High-precision degradable metal porous support laser powder bed fusion manufacturing method |
| CN113427020B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-11-04 | 清华大学 | Laser powder bed melting additive manufacturing method based on multiple scanning melting |
| CN113547122B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-04-07 | 济南大学 | Shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on 3D printing technology |
| DE102021131094A1 (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-06-01 | MTU Aero Engines AG | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPACT RESISTANT COMPONENT AND A CORRESPONDING IMPACT RESISTANT COMPONENT |
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