CN112044438B - Silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particle and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particle and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles and a preparation method and application thereof. The particles take nano zero-valent iron as a core and silicon oxide as a coating layer, and NaBH is added into a mixed solution of ferric salt and inorganic silicate in an inert gas atmosphere4Or KBH4The reducing agent is prepared by one-step reaction. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding ferric salt into inorganic silicate solution, and stirring under inert gas atmosphere to obtain mixed solution; dropwise adding a reducing agent NaBH4Or KBH4Stirring the solution under the atmosphere of inert gas for reaction to obtain a precipitate, separating, cleaning and drying in vacuum to obtain the product. The silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron is prepared by a one-step simple liquid phase reduction method, the process is simple, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the nano zero-valent iron is non-toxic and harmless, and the obtained novel nano zero-valent iron particles have good dispersibility, small and uniform average particle size and strong oxidation resistance and are suitable for treating organic wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano material preparation, and particularly relates to silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The reduction and removal of harmful pollutants in the environment by adopting nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a technology widely researched at home and abroad in recent years. Compared with common zero-valent iron powder, the nZVI serving as an excellent electron donor has the advantages of small particle diameter, large specific surface area, nano-size advantage and capability of providing rich reactive sites and accelerating the pollutant treatment efficiency. At present, the technology is applied to the removal process of harmful substances in water such as nitrate nitrogen, high-valence heavy metal ions, organic halides, nitro compounds and the like. However, in the practical process implementation process, some defects are found to be still needed to be solved: (1) and (4) agglomeration. The surface energy of the nZVI particles is high, and the agglomeration phenomenon is easy to occur due to the existence of strong paramagnetism. (2) And (4) oxidizing. The nZVI has poor air stability, is easily oxidized due to strong reduction activity in the air when exposed, and has severe storage conditions. (3) And (5) passivating. After the nZVI reacts with the pollutants, a plurality of iron oxide precipitates are generated per se and attached to the surface, and the continuous reduction activity is difficult to ensure. (4) The recovery efficiency is low. After the nZVI is used, the recovery secondary use effect is greatly reduced due to oxidation, passivation and the like, and the repeated utilization rate is low. In addition, the application of the nZVI with stronger electron supply capability in water body remediation can cause the local pH to rise, and accelerate the passivation and inactivation of the nZVI.
At present, a lot of methods for preparing the nano zero-valent iron exist, and the methods are mainly divided into gas phase preparation, solid phase preparation and liquid phase preparation according to phase state classification. Wherein, although the grain diameter of the zero-valent iron particles is small and the particles are uniformly dispersed, the gas phase preparation has high equipment requirement and large operation difficulty; the solid phase preparation operation is simple, but the particles are not uniform, have large difference and are easy to agglomerate; the liquid phase preparation operation requirement is low, and the equipment and the principle are relatively simple, so the practicability is strong, and the application range is wider. However, the liquid phase preparation of nZVI still has the problems of uneven particle distribution, easy agglomeration, poor dispersibility, low reaction activity and the like, so that a plurality of improved liquid phase reduction methods are produced at the same time, and the defects are mainly avoided by adding a dispersing agent and a carrier. In the preparation method of sodium alginate microcapsule loaded nano-iron particles (patent application No. 201310104440.7), sodium alginate microcapsules are used for loading, although the improved technology improves the oxidation resistance and stability of nano-iron, the preparation process is tedious and time-consuming, and meanwhile, macromolecule organic matters are introduced in the separation and purification process to cause certain environmental pollution; in 'silicon micropowder supported nanometer zero-valent iron ions and a preparation method thereof' (patent application number: 200910069677.X), the silicon micropowder is supported, so that the agglomeration resistance of the nanometer zero-valent iron particles is improved, but in the preparation process, strong hydrochloric acid is added into a system to modify and separate substrate silicon micropowder in advance, and the process not only needs batch and repeated complex operations, but also needs strong acid to participate to obtain supported nZVI, so that the preparation cost is greatly improved. Therefore, it is very important to develop a novel nano zero-valent iron which has simple process, good particle dispersibility, strong stability, long service life, no toxicity and harm and can be stably used for a long time in water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide silicon oxide coated silicified nano zero-valent iron particles and a preparation method and application thereof. The silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron is prepared by a one-step simple liquid phase reduction method, the preparation process is simple, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the nano zero-valent iron is non-toxic and harmless, has good dispersibility, small and uniform average particle size and strong oxidation resistance, and is suitable for treating organic wastewater.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particle is prepared through adding NaBH to the mixture of iron salt and inorganic silicate in inert gas atmosphere4Or KBH4The reducing agent is prepared by one-step reaction.
According to the scheme, the particle size of the silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles is 20-60 nm.
According to the scheme, the thickness ratio of the core nano zero-valent iron to the silicon oxide coating is 5-15: 1.
according to the scheme, the inorganic silicate is Na4SiO4、Na2SiO3、Na2Si2O5Or M2O·nSiO2Wherein M is2O·nSiO2Wherein M represents sodium or potassium, and n is not less than 1; the iron salt is FeSO4·7H2O、FeSO4、FeCl2、Fe(NO3)2、FeCl3·6H2O or Fe (NO)3)3·9H2O。
According to the scheme, the inert gas atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere or argon atmosphere.
The preparation method of the silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles comprises the following steps:
(1) adding ferric salt into inorganic silicate solution, and stirring under inert gas atmosphere to obtain mixed solution;
(2) dropwise adding a reducing agent NaBH into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1)4Or KBH4Stirring the solution under the atmosphere of inert gas for reaction to obtain a precipitate;
(3) and (3) separating, cleaning and vacuum drying the precipitate obtained in the step (2) to obtain silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles.
According to the scheme, in the step (1), the molar ratio of the iron ions to the inorganic silicate is 2-20: 1.
According to the scheme, in the step (2), BH in a reducing agent4 -The molar ratio of the iron ions to the iron ions in the ferric salt is 2-5: 1.
according to the scheme, in the step (1), the stirring time is 0.5-2 h.
According to the scheme, in the step (2), a reducing agent NaBH4Or KBH4The concentration of the solution is 10-40 g/L, and the dropping speed is 5-20 mL/min.
According to the scheme, in the step (2), the stirring reaction time is 1-3 h.
According to the scheme, in the step (2), a reducing agent NaBH4Or KBH4The water used in the solution preparation is deoxygenated deionized water.
According to the scheme, in the step (3), the precipitate obtained in the step (2) is subjected to magnetic separation, then is respectively cleaned by deoxygenated deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally is dried in vacuum to obtain the silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles.
Provides an application of the silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles in treating organic wastewater.
According to the scheme, the method is used for the process for treating the organic wastewater by ozone catalytic oxidation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, silicate solution and ferric salt powder are mixed in advance, then a reducing agent is added for one-step reduction to obtain novel nano zero-valent iron particles, because the inherent rich functional hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of inorganic silicate have excellent coordination capacity, the dissolved iron ions and silicate are chemically coordinated in advance, and under the action of the reducing agent, the coordinated iron ions are rapidly reduced into nano zero-valent iron with a silicon oxide tight coating; compared with the traditional organic macromolecular dispersing agent which only disperses the nano zero-valent iron through physical crosslinking, the silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles prepared by the method have the advantages of good chemical stability, small and uniform particle size, thin silicon oxide coating and excellent dispersibility; the preparation process is nontoxic and harmless, environment-friendly, low in equipment operation cost and wide in raw material source, can be massively prepared in a short time, and is beneficial to rapid engineering application of the process.
2. In the silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles provided by the invention, the nanometer zero-valent iron is coated with the silicon oxide, so that the biological toxicity of the nanometer zero-valent iron is reduced, and meanwhile, the existence of the non-toxic and harmless silicon oxide can not bring secondary pollution to the environment; the novel nanometer zero-valent iron particle has excellent physicochemical properties, small and uniform particle size, thin silicon oxide coating layer, good chemical stability, low surface activity, good dispersibility, excellent anti-agglomeration performance and excellent anti-oxidation performance, ensures that the core zero-valent iron metal can be prevented from being influenced by the external environment and is in a safe and stable state, and is beneficial to stably and continuously providing electrons and releasing dissolved Fe in organic wastewater remediation2+To ensure itLong-acting usability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a TEM result diagram of silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an XRD result graph of the silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of hydrogen production efficiency of silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles prepared in example 3 of the present invention and commercially available normal nano zero-valent iron particles in oxygen-removed deionized water.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are set forth to provide further illustration of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof.
Example 1
The preparation method of the silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles (Si-nZVI) comprises the following steps:
1) into a 500mL four-necked flask, 200mL of Na having a concentration of 5mmol/L was added2Si2O5Solution 1.42g FeCl was weighed3·6H2And adding O powder into the solution for dissolving, and mechanically stirring the reaction solution for 1h under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is controlled to be 50 rpm.
2) 0.5g of NaBH is weighed4Dissolving in 50mL of deoxygenated deionized water to obtain NaBH4Dissolving NaBH in water, and pumping NaBH by peristaltic pump4Dropwise adding the solution into a four-neck flask at the flow rate of 5mL/min, controlling the time to be 10min, continuously introducing nitrogen for protection, and continuously stirring at the stirring speed of 50rpm for 2 h.
3) After the reaction is finished, magnetic separation and sorting are carried out, the precipitate is washed for three times by deoxygenated deionized water, and then is washed for one time by ethanol, and then is dried for 2 hours in vacuum at 60 ℃, so that the silicon oxide layer coated nano zero-valent iron particles can be obtained.
FIG. 1 is a TEM result of the Si-nZVI particles prepared in example 1. The figure shows that: the prepared Si-nZVI has a microscopic core-shell structure and uniform particle size. Wherein, the size range of the kernel particles is about 50nm, the thickness of the shell layer is about 5nm, and the thickness ratio of the kernel nano zero-valent iron to the silicon oxide of the coating layer is 10: 1.
fig. 2 is an XRD result pattern of the silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles prepared in example 1. The figure shows that: the crystal structure of the prepared silicon oxide layer coated nanometer zero-valent iron particle mainly takes elementary substance iron as a main part and has no obvious oxide miscellaneous peak of iron.
Example 2
The preparation method of the silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles comprises the following steps:
1) 200mL of Na having a concentration of 10mmol/L was added to a 500mL four-necked flask at room temperature2Si2O5Solution 2.5g Fe (NO) was weighed3)3·9H2And adding O powder into the solution for dissolving, and mechanically stirring the reaction solution for 2 hours under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is controlled to be 80 rpm.
2) Weighing 1.0g NaBH4Dissolving in 50mL of oxygen-free water to obtain NaBH4Dissolving NaBH in water, and pumping NaBH by peristaltic pump4Dropwise adding the solution into a four-neck flask at the flow rate of 10mL/min, controlling the time to be 5min, continuously introducing nitrogen for protection, and continuously stirring at the stirring speed of 80rpm for 2 h.
3) After the reaction is finished, through magnetic separation and sorting, the precipitate is washed for three times by deoxygenated deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and finally washed once by ethyl alcohol, and then is dried for 2 hours in vacuum at 60 ℃, so that the silicon oxidation coated nano zero-valent iron particles can be obtained.
Example 3
The preparation method of the silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles comprises the following steps:
1) 200mL of Na having a concentration of 15mmol/L was added to a 500mL four-necked flask at room temperature2SiO3Weighing 2g of FeSO4·7H2And adding O powder into the solution for dissolving, and mechanically stirring the reaction solution for 2 hours under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is controlled to be 80 rpm.
2) Weighing 1.0g of KBH4Dissolve in 5KBH was obtained in 0mL of oxygen-free water4Dissolving the KBH in a solvent under the action of a peristaltic pump4The solution is dripped into a four-neck flask at the flow rate of 15mL/min, the whole dripping process is required to be slow, nitrogen is continuously introduced for protection, and stirring is continued for 2 hours at the stirring speed of 80 rpm.
3) After the reaction is finished, magnetic separation and sorting are carried out, the precipitate is washed for three times by deoxygenated deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally washed once by ethyl alcohol, and then vacuum drying is carried out for 2 hours at 60 ℃ so as to obtain the silicon-containing oxidation-coated nano zero-valent iron particles.
The silicon oxide-coated nanoscale zero-valent iron particles prepared in this example and commercially available ordinary nanoscale zero-valent iron particles were weighed to 0.1g each, and then added to a sealed bottle containing 20mL of deoxygenated deionized water, followed by sufficient shaking and standing, and the hydrogen concentration at the headspace of the sealed bottle was measured by a gas chromatography analyzer at a prescribed time period. The hydrogen production efficiency graphs of the two different types of zero-valent iron in the deoxygenated deionized water are drawn by detecting the headspace hydrogen concentration for a long time and in multiple batches and combining the zero-valent iron theoretical hydrogen production amount, as shown in fig. 3. The experimental result shows that compared with the traditional sold nano zero-valent iron which is easy to transfer hydrogen ions in the electron reduction water body, the Si-nZVI with the core-shell structure reduces the hydrogen evolution side reaction of the electron transfer, has a more lasting electron transfer effect, and ensures that the nano zero-valent iron can be used stably for a long time in the field of water environment treatment.
Example 4
The preparation method of the silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles comprises the following steps:
1) 200mL of Na having a concentration of 20mmol/L was added to a 500mL four-necked flask at room temperature2Si2O5Solution, 4g Fe (NO) was weighed3)·9H2And adding O powder into the solution for dissolving, and mechanically stirring the reaction solution for 1h under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is controlled to be 80 rpm.
2) Weighing 2g of KBH4Dissolving in 50mL of oxygen-free water to obtain KBH4Dissolving the KBH in a solvent under the action of a peristaltic pump4The solution is dripped into a four-mouth flask at the flow rate of 8mL/min, and the whole dripping process requires slow drippingSlow. The nitrogen blanket was continued and stirring was continued at 80rpm for 2 h.
3) After the reaction is finished, magnetic separation and sorting are carried out, the precipitate is washed for three times by deoxygenated deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally cleaned for one time by ethyl alcohol, and then vacuum drying is carried out for 2 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the silicon-containing oxidation-coated nano zero-valent iron particles.
Application example
The silicon-containing oxidation-coated nano zero-valent iron (Si-nZVI) prepared in the example 1 is used as a catalyst to be applied to the process for treating organic wastewater by ozone catalytic oxidation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
adding 0.4g of the prepared Si-nZVI catalyst into a reaction device with the volume of 250mL, controlling the COD of the inlet water to be 100mg/L, controlling the volume of the reaction solution to be 200mL, and adjusting the pH of the initial solution to be within the range of 5-6. Ozone is generated by an ozone generator and enters a reaction system from the bottom of the reactor through an aeration device to adjust O3The catalytic oxidation retention time is 40min and O3The concentration is 3.0mg/L, O3The flow rate was 1mL/min and the mechanical stirring speed was 50 rpm. Commercial nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) was selected as the catalyst in the comparative experiment, and other parameters were kept consistent. Test results show that compared with the commercial nano zero-valent iron, the core-shell Si-nZVI has better ozone catalytic oxidation capability to remove COD to 35mg/L, COD in the solution is reduced to 18mg/L after the reaction is finished, and the removal rate is as high as 82%.
And separating and recovering the used Si-nZVI catalyst, cleaning and drying in vacuum, and applying the catalyst to the catalytic ozonation water treatment process again. The experimental parameters and the experimental steps are kept consistent by controlling, and the experiment is repeated for 4 times. The degradation experiment result shows that even after the fourth degradation experiment is finished, the COD removal rate of the wastewater by the Si-nZVI catalytic ozone is still as high as 70.2 percent, which shows that the Si-nZVI catalytic ozone has better effect of catalyzing the ozone to oxidize and degrade organic pollutants. This experiment demonstrates that Si-nZVI maintains the long-term and stability of catalytic efficacy even in strongly oxidizing systems.
It is apparent that the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating and do not limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are therefore intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The nanometer zero-valent iron particle coated with silicon oxide is characterized in that the particle takes nanometer zero-valent iron as a core and silicon oxide as a coating layer, and NaBH is added into a mixed solution of iron salt and inorganic silicate in an inert gas atmosphere4Or KBH4The reducing agent is prepared by one-step reaction.
2. The silicon oxide-coated nanoscale zero-valent iron particles of claim 1, wherein the particle size of the silicon oxide-coated nanoscale zero-valent iron particles is 20-60 nm.
3. The silicon oxide coated nanoscale zero-valent iron particle according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the grain size of the core nanoscale zero-valent iron to the thickness of the silicon oxide coating is 5-15: 1.
4. the silicon oxide-coated nanoscale zero-valent iron particles of claim 1, wherein said inorganic silicate is Na4SiO4、Na2SiO3、Na2Si2O5Or M2O·nSiO2Wherein M is2O·nSiO2Wherein M represents sodium or potassium, and n is not less than 1; the iron salt is FeSO4·7H2O 、FeSO4、FeCl2、Fe(NO3)2、FeCl3·6H2O or Fe (NO)3)3 ·9H2O 。
5. The method for preparing the silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding ferric salt into inorganic silicate solution, and stirring under inert gas atmosphere to obtain mixed solution;
(2) dropwise adding a reducing agent NaBH into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1)4Or KBH4Stirring the solution under the atmosphere of inert gas for reaction to obtain a precipitate;
(3) and (3) separating, cleaning and vacuum drying the precipitate obtained in the step (2) to obtain silicon oxide coated nanometer zero-valent iron particles.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of the iron ions to the inorganic silicate is 2-20: 1; in the step (2), BH is contained in a reducing agent4 -The molar ratio of the iron ions to the iron ions in the ferric salt is 2-5: 1.
7. the preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the stirring time is 0.5-2 h; in the step (2), the stirring reaction time is 1-3 h.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), NaBH is used as a reducing agent4Or KBH4The concentration of the solution is 10-40 g/L, and the dropping speed is 5-20 mL/min.
9. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), NaBH is used as a reducing agent4Or KBH4The water used in the solution preparation is deoxygenated deionized water; and (3) performing magnetic separation on the precipitate obtained in the step (2), cleaning the precipitate with deoxygenated deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and finally performing vacuum drying to obtain the silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles.
10. The use of the silicon oxide coated nano zero-valent iron particles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in the treatment of organic wastewater, which is used in the process of treating organic wastewater by catalytic oxidation with ozone.
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| CN108746604A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-06 | 厦门理工学院 | A kind of air-stable type nano zero valence iron and its preparation method and application |
| CN109202100A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | A kind of nano zero valence iron and preparation method and application |
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| CN108746604A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-06 | 厦门理工学院 | A kind of air-stable type nano zero valence iron and its preparation method and application |
| CN109202100A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | A kind of nano zero valence iron and preparation method and application |
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| "SiO2-coated zero-valent iron nanocomposites for aqueous nitrobenzene reduction in groundwater: Performance, reduction mechanism and the effects of hydrogeochemical constituents";Haojie Lu等;《Colloids and Surfaces A》;20180831;第558卷;第272页右栏第2.2节、第273页左栏第3.1节 * |
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