CN112036092A - River flow prediction method based on relation between river intermediate surface speed and river width - Google Patents
River flow prediction method based on relation between river intermediate surface speed and river width Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a river flow prediction method based on the relation between river intermediate surface speed and river width, which comprises the steps of firstly fitting the relation between the intermediate surface speed and the average speed according to the existing hydrological data (average depth, average speed and intermediate surface speed), measuring the river width, and then calculating the flow by adopting a flow velocity area method; because the invention only needs to measure the speed and the width of one point, compared with a Venturi method, the method has the advantages that the required hydrological parameter precision is low, and the obtained flow precision is higher; compared with ADCP, the method is simple to operate, saves a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and is suitable for some emergency situations; compared with the Manning formula for measuring the flow, the method does not need to measure the roughness and the hydraulic gradient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wide river flow prediction, and particularly relates to a river flow prediction method based on the relation between river intermediate surface speed and river width.
Background
With the increase of water consumption in industrial and agricultural production and people's life, "the contradiction between water supply and demand is increasingly sharp" the planned water use and water allocation work is more and more important. The proposal and the attention of water resource problems are that the flow of an open channel can be rapidly and accurately measured in many occasions, and the method is prominently reflected in the aspects of water quantity calculation, pollutant total quantity control and water resource scheduling and distribution of irrigation areas and water diversion projects. The method consistently used in China mainly adopts a flow velocity area method, and manual operation is required, and the requirement of automation cannot be met although the measurement precision is high. Although the water level flow relation method used in a small amount can automatically measure the flow, the accuracy is not high, and the requirement of accurate water quantity measurement cannot be met. In addition, there are few methods for automatically measuring flow by means of imported instruments (such as acoustic doppler profilers), which are expensive and high in maintenance cost, and thus cannot meet the requirements for automatic measurement of flow of open channels with a large number of wide areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a river flow prediction method based on the relation between river intermediate surface speed and river width, aiming at solving the problems of measuring river flow by adopting the traditional manual operation flow velocity area method.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme is as follows:
a river flow prediction method based on the relation between river intermediate surface speed and river width comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring river hydrological data, wherein the hydrological data comprises average depth, average flow speed and intermediate surface speed;
s2: fitting the relation between the intermediate surface speed and the average flow speed and the relation between the average flow speed and the average depth according to the hydrological data in S1;
s3: measuring the width of the river;
s4: the flow rate was measured by the flow velocity area method.
Preferably, the intermediate superficial velocity and the average flow velocity are functionally related, and the functional expression is:
v＝f(vmiddle watch)
In the formula: v is the average flow velocity, vMiddle watchIs the river intermediate surface velocity.
Preferably, the best function expression for correlation is fitted according to Matlab as follows:
preferably, the average flow velocity and the average depth are as follows:
in the formula: h is the average depth, and p and q are the generation coefficients.
Preferably, the parameters obtained by the functional relationship between the average flow velocity and the average depth need to be classified into flow grades, and the denser the flow grade classification is, the higher the accuracy is.
Preferably, the flow rate measured by the flow velocity area method is in a functional relationship of: q ═ B × v × h, in which: q is the flow and B is the width.
Has the advantages that:
the method only needs to measure the speed and the width of one point, and compared with a Venturi method, the method has the advantages that the required hydrological parameter precision is low, and the obtained flow precision is high. Compared with ADCP, the method is simple to operate, saves a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and is suitable for some emergency situations. Compared with the Manning formula for measuring the flow, the method does not need to measure the roughness and the hydraulic gradient.
The river intermediate surface speed, the average river flow speed and the average river depth are combined, and a novel river flow prediction method is provided, so that the river flow prediction method is simpler and faster.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing data analysis.
FIG. 3 is a relational table diagram.
Fig. 4 is a functional table diagram.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting.
Fig. 1 shows a river discharge prediction method based on the relationship between river intermediate surface speed and river width, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring river hydrological data, wherein the hydrological data comprises average depth, average flow speed and intermediate surface speed;
s2: fitting the relation between the intermediate surface speed and the average flow speed and the relation between the average flow speed and the average depth according to the hydrological data in S1;
s3: measuring the width of the river;
s4: the flow rate was measured by the flow velocity area method.
The intermediate superficial velocity and the average flow velocity are functionally related, and the functional expression is as follows:
v＝f(vmiddle watch)
In the formula: v is the average flow velocity, vMiddle watchIs the river intermediate surface velocity.
Fitting the best function expression for correlation according to Matlab as follows:
the average flow rate and average depth are as follows:
in the formula: h is the average depth, and p and q are the generation coefficients.
The parameters calculated by the functional relation between the average flow speed and the average depth need to be divided into flow grades, and the denser the flow grade division is, the higher the precision is.
The flow rate measured by the flow velocity area method has the functional relationship that: q ═ B × v × h, in which: q is the flow and B is the width.
The principle of the method is as follows:
(1) and fitting a function expression between the two according to the existing river intermediate surface speed and average flow speed, wherein different rivers have different function expressions.
v＝f(vMiddle watch)
In the formula: v is the average flow velocity, vMiddle watchIs the river intermediate surface velocity.
(2) The absolute energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of unit mass of liquid, and the absolute energy calculation formula is
The same flow rate will have different absolute energies at different slope drops. Fig. 3 shows that, for example, in the same case of h, the larger v, the larger absolute energy is, which is caused by the river slope. Thus, it is possible to provide
There is a certain relation to the slope. According to the formula of Manning
When the river is wide, the hydraulic radius can be regarded as the average water depth and thus
And
there is a certain relation, and according to the experimental result, it can be obtained that:
and substituting the existing average flow velocity and average depth into the following formula to obtain related parameters (the parameters obtained by the method need to be classified into flow grades, the more densely the flow grades are, the higher the precision is, namely, when the flow is between 0 and 500, the related parameters are obtained from 500 to 1000, and the like).
In the formula: h is the average depth, and p and q are the generation coefficients.
(3) The width B of the river is measured by other methods such as related instruments.
(4) The flow rate was measured by the flow velocity area method.
Q＝B*v*h
In the formula: q is the flow rate.
Example (b): (1) from the existing intermediate superficial velocity and average flow velocity, the function expression with the best correlation was selected using the function fitted by Matlab (shown in fig. 4).
(2) Substituting the average depth and average flow velocity into
The selected data is data of the flow rates 2000 to 3000.
(3) Substituting the river width, average flow velocity and average depth into Q ═ B × v × h
As shown in fig. 2, according to the above embodiment, 6 sets of station data are given, specifically 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36 stations, and surface midpoint velocity, average velocity (average flow velocity), calculated velocity, average depth, calculated depth, river width, ADCP flow, calculated flow, and relative error are given, respectively, and through comparison of data analysis in fig. 2, it can be seen that the error ratio obtained by the prediction method of the present invention is small, and the demand for river flow prediction can be satisfied.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A river flow prediction method based on the relation between river intermediate surface speed and river width is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring river hydrological data, wherein the hydrological data comprises average depth, average flow speed and intermediate surface speed;
s2: fitting the relation between the intermediate surface speed and the average flow speed and the relation between the average flow speed and the average depth according to the hydrological data in S1;
s3: measuring the width of the river;
s4: the flow rate was measured by the flow velocity area method.
2. The river discharge prediction method based on the relation between the river intermediate surface speed and the river width as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relation between the intermediate surface speed and the average flow velocity has a functional relation, and the functional expression is as follows:
v＝f(vmiddle watch)
In the formula: v is the average flow velocity, vMiddle watchIs the river intermediate surface velocity.
3. The method for predicting river discharge based on the relation between river intermediate surface speed and river width as claimed in claim 2, wherein the function expression with the best correlation is fitted according to Matlab as follows:
4. a river discharge prediction method based on the relationship between river intermediate surface speed and river width as claimed in claim 3, wherein the function relationship between the average flow velocity and the average depth is as follows:
in the formula: h is the average depth, and p and q are the generation coefficients.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the parameters derived from the functional relationship between the average flow velocity and the average depth are classified into classes, and the more dense the classes, the higher the accuracy.
6. A river discharge prediction method based on the relationship between river intermediate surface speed and river width as claimed in claim 5, wherein the functional relationship of the discharge measured by the flow area method is: q ═ B × v × h, in which: q is the flow and B is the width.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113093531A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-07-09 | 武汉大学 | Large pipe-channel combined system emergency dispatching control method based on model predictive control |
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| JP2008216010A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-18 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | River flow rate calculating device and method, and computer program |
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| CN107044875A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-08-15 | 上海航征测控***有限公司 | A kind of flow-measuring method |
| US20180010936A1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | River discharge and depth estimation |
| CN109308375A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-02-05 | 河海大学 | A kind of measuring method of the basin optimal flow rate based on landforms parameter |
| CN109635435A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-16 | 中山大学 | A kind of natural river course stage discharge relation based on bayesian theory determines method |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008216010A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-18 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | River flow rate calculating device and method, and computer program |
| US20180010936A1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | River discharge and depth estimation |
| CN106595777A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-04-26 | 广西师范大学 | Calculation method for detecting flow of section of river in non-contact manner |
| CN107044875A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-08-15 | 上海航征测控***有限公司 | A kind of flow-measuring method |
| CN109308375A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-02-05 | 河海大学 | A kind of measuring method of the basin optimal flow rate based on landforms parameter |
| CN109635435A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-16 | 中山大学 | A kind of natural river course stage discharge relation based on bayesian theory determines method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113093531A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-07-09 | 武汉大学 | Large pipe-channel combined system emergency dispatching control method based on model predictive control |
| CN113093531B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-03-15 | 武汉大学 | Large pipe-channel combined system emergency dispatching control method based on model predictive control |
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