CN1120359C - Method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an on-site detection method used for the working stress of a building structure. In the method, a measured member is partially provided with a shallow slot by a principle of 'local stress relief '; the strain releasing value is measured after the slot is opened. The strength and the direction of the working stress of a stressed structural member is determined according to the relative relationship of the slot depth and the strain releasing rate, which is established by experiment. The present invention can overcome the defects of various measuring methods in the prior art and can accurately measure the strength and the direction of the stress of a building structure, wherein the stress is generated under different load and action. The present invention has the advantages of convenient operation, high precision, low cost, etc.

Description

Method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ

Technical field

What the present invention relates to is the structural stress detection method, especially a kind of method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ.

Technical background

Working stress of buildings structure means: the buildings that has built up, and under regular service condition, the actual stress level of structural elements.Working stress of buildings structure is by the summation that acts on structural various load (as: dead load, floow load, roofing load, equipment load, wind load, snow load, prestress, soil pressure etc.) and cause the actual stress that a variety of causes (as: temperature, welding, distortion, displacement, foundation uneven settlement etc.) of structure imposed deformation or restrained deformation is produced in structural elements.

The difference of working stress of buildings structure and design stress is: design stress is according to designing requirement, request for utilization, technological requirement, the design theory calculated value that draws according to national building structural design specification, Structure Calculation model, design load value are all artificial in the design process is scheduled to or estimates, as long as satisfy code requirement; And for building up the existing building that comes into operation, its version, size, node connection, constraint condition, boundary condition and to act on structural various payload values all definite, the working stress of structural elements must and be considered the influence of effects such as construction deviation, temperature, vibration, foundation uneven settlement, welding, distortion according to above-mentioned condition.

In order to determine the real work stress of existed building structural elements, adopt the in-situ stresses measurement method, be undoubtedly a kind of good method, it can directly measure the true stress state of structural elements, and need not consider loading condition, mechanics model, alien influence factor or the like the condition of structural elements, this advantage be other method do not have, thereby the actual Stress Measurement method has wide practical value in actual engineering.

Once adopted both at home and abroad following method to detect the real work stress that has built up building steel structure or reinforcing bar: 1) method of section: the principle of, cross section reduction invariable and stress recruitment relation in direct ratio according to total pulling force in the reinforcing bar, measure the increment of the forward and backward stress of cutting reinforcing bar, calculate original stress value of reinforcing bar, the method is to reinforcing bar damage big (needing cutting 1/3 cross section), cutting apparatus is heavy, is not suitable for rig-site utilization; 2) excitation method: measure the intrinsic natural frequency of vibration of compressor wire, according to the relation of the intrinsic natural frequency of vibration and stress, calculate the prestress value of steel wire, this method is only applicable to concrete element precast factory control product quality; 3) vibratory string method: the prestress value of test roof truss deformed bar, measuring result error is bigger; 4) flexibility method: the supposition reinforcing bar is a flexible structure, according to the triangle geometric relationship, and the amount of deflection of the deformed bar that the measurement level is laid after span centre applies weight, the prestress of reckoning reinforcing bar, measuring result error is bigger; 5) electromagnetic method: according to the correlationship between magnetic flux and the stress, the stress state of test steel surface, because magnetic flux is also all multifactor closely related with rolling shapes, rolling direction etc., complicated operation, measuring error is big, thereby is not suitable for the real work stress detection of building steel structure or reinforcing bar.So, up to the present, the apparatus and method that the domestic and international real work stress to building up building steel structure or reinforcing bar that does not still have the practicality of can being put to detects.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is deficiency, a kind of method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ that can accurately detect building steel structure or reinforcing bar real work stress is provided at existence in above-mentioned building steel structure or the detection of reinforcing bar real work stress.

Method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ of the present invention comprises:

One, arranges measuring point: according to test request, on tested steel member or reinforcing bar, arrange the stress measuring point, promptly arrange foil gauge at steel construction that needs test job stress or reinforcing bar place, for the working stress test of uniaxial stressed state, described foil gauge is unidirectional strainometer; For the working stress test of plane stress state, described foil gauge is a strain rosette;

Two, paste foil gauge: the measuring point place of steel member or rebar surface is polished smooth, clean up with acetone then, unidirectional strainometer or strain rosette are sticked on tested steel member or the reinforcing bar measuring point with glue;

Three, adjust strainmeter: the unidirectional strainometer or the strain rosette of adopting shielded cable will stick on tested steel member or the reinforcing bar measuring point are connected with strainmeter, and strain-ga(u)ge reading is adjusted to zero;

Four, fluting: adopt hacksaw or drilling machine around the two ends or strain rosette of unidirectional strainometer, with the fluting speed that 0.5-1mm/ divides, offer the shallow slot that the degree of depth is h, groove depth h is 0.3 ~ 0.4 with the ratio of separation 1;

Five, read measured value: the reading of monitoring strainmeter in the process of fluting, when reading strain is stablized, promptly can read strain relief measure epsilon under the uniaxial stressed state ' or plane stress state under the strain relief measure epsilon ₁' ε ₂', ε ₃';

Six, working stress of buildings structure calculates: with the strain relief measure epsilon that reads ' or ε ₁', ε ₂', ε ₃' substitution actual strain release value ε calculating formula:

ε=ε '-ε _m(ε in the formula _mBe processing additional strain value, ε generally speaking _m=-5 ~-19 μ ε) calculate actual strain release value ε, then with actual strain release value ε substitution working stress computing formula: ${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_2^1=-\frac{E}{2}[\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1+{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\&PlusMinus;\frac{1}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2+{(2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2}]$ $\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="tg"\; filenames="C0010522200141.png,C0010522200142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">tg</figure-callout>}2\mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1}$ Or σ=-E ε can draw the actual stress of tested steel member or reinforcing bar.

The ultimate principle of method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ of the present invention is: establish in the rectangular coordinate system, the principle stress at member measuring point place is σ ₁, σ ₂, behind the fluting, with σ ₁Discharging strain stress (α) on the direction of one-tenth angle α can be represented by the formula:

ε (α)=K (α) σ ₁(90 °-α) σ of+K ₂(1) COEFFICIENT K (α), K (90 °-α) for being periodically variable parameter with α, thereby available trigonometric series describes, that is: $K\left(\mathrm{\&alpha;}\right)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{\&infin;}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{A}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="n\; cos"\; filenames="C0010522200141.png,C0010522200142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">n</figure-callout>}}\cos 2\mathrm{n\&alpha;}---\left(2\right)$ Get preceding two and be similar to, have: K (α)=A+Bcos2 α (3)

Substitution (1) formula gets the relational expression that any direction discharges strain and principle stress:

ε (α)=[A+Bcos2 α] σ ₁+ [A+Bcos (90 °-α)] σ ₂(4) if adopt 45 ° of strain rosette (θ ₁=0, θ ₂=45 °, θ ₃=90 °), obtain ε respectively ₁, ε ₂, ε ₃Three discharge strain value:

ε ₁＝[A+Bcos2β]σ ₁+[A-Bcos2β]σ ₂

ε ₂＝[A+Bsin2β]σ ₁+[A-Bsin2β]σ ₂?(5)

ε ₃=[A-Bcos2 β] σ ₁+ [A-Bsin2 β] σ ₂Simultaneous solution gets: ${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_1=\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1+{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{4A}+\frac{1}{4B}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2+{(2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2}$ ${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_2=\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1+{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{4A}+\frac{1}{4B}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2+{(2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2}---\left(6\right)$ $\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="tg"\; filenames="C0010522200141.png,C0010522200142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">tg</figure-callout>}2\mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1}$ When groove reached enough degree of depth, measuring point place stress discharged fully, has: $A=-\frac{1}{2E}(1-\mathrm{\&mu;}),B=-\frac{1}{2E}(1+\mathrm{\&mu;})---\left(7\right)$ Substitution (6) formula gets under the plane stress state working stress computing formula: ${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_2^1=-\frac{E}{2}[\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1+{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\&PlusMinus;\frac{1}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2+{(2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2}]$ $\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="tg"\; filenames="C0010522200141.png,C0010522200142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">tg</figure-callout>}2\mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1}$ (8)

For uniaxial stressed state, only need to paste the unidirectional strainometer of a slice along the working stress direction, at strainometer two ends fluting, when groove was enough dark, measuring point place stress discharged fully, measures the strain relief amount ε of fluting front and back, by following formula evaluation work stress:

σ＝-Eε。

The scope of application of method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ of the present invention is: the on-the-spot test of the real work stress of reinforcing bar in various steel structure members and the reinforced concrete structural element in the buildings.This method can record building structure exactly in stress intensity and direction that various load and a variety of causes produced.Compare with other method, have advantages such as easy and simple to handle, that measuring accuracy is high, expense is cheap, be not subjected to that field environmental condition influences.This method can be used for: 1) building structure reliability detects to be identified, under structural elements drag known conditions, determines its load-bearing capacity, the security of evaluation building structure; 2) the building analysis on accident cause is carried out stress analysis to the building structural element that has potential safety hazard or the structural elements of damage inactivation, finds out the reason that causes structural elements potential safety hazard or damage inactivation, for consolidation process provides foundation; 3) construction engineering quality detects; 4) old building is reinforced the maintenance effect evaluation, proves feasibility that building structure tapped the potential and upgrade technologically, increased load etc.Adopt modes such as file, brill, saw to slot, show through laboratory contrast test and on-the-spot result of practical application: the advantage with methods such as file, saw fluting is that machining stress is little, easy and simple to handle, expense is extremely low, can satisfy above-mentioned every requirement; The advantage of boring method fluting be easy and simple to handle, expense is low, be not subjected to the restriction of measuring point shape, but machining stress than file, to cut the groove method big slightly, as long as the speed of grasping can satisfy above-mentioned every requirement.Grooving methods such as file, saw are suitable for the test of uniaxial stressed state, and the boring grooving method is suitable for the test of plane stress state.

Method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ of the present invention has the effect of its uniqueness in the building structure stress analysis, it can solve the indeterminable engineering problem of many theoretical calculation analysis effectively, particularly at existed building structural reliability characterization and evaluation, Bearing Capacity Evaluation, the analysis of causes of structural elements damage inactivation, reinforce aspect such as the feasibility study of tapping the potential and upgrade technologically and have a wide range of applications, be applicable to the quality inspection station, detect units such as identifying station, scientific research and design unit, construction enterprises.

The specific implementation method of method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ of the present invention and step are provided in detail by the following drawings and embodiment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is measuring point and the slotting position synoptic diagram of method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is measuring point and the slotting position synoptic diagram of method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ embodiment 2.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: from Fig. 1 as seen, this is to adopt method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ of the present invention that the single load bearing rod member is carried out the working stress test, selected foil gauge is the unidirectional strainometer 1 of BJ120-0.5AA, unidirectional strainometer 1 sticks on two acropodiums of tested rod member 2 angle steel, after measuring each rod member real work stress, according to the Analysis of Experimental Stress method, draw the actual state of each rod member of roof truss again, analyze the reason of deflection outside the steel roof truss plane then.Its concrete grammar step is:

1, measuring point is arranged: arrange two measuring points on the every rod member 2, the steel surface with the paster place polishes smooth earlier, with acetone steel surface is cleaned up then, is coated with one deck 502 glue more equably.

2, paste foil gauge:, select the unidirectional strainometer 1 of small size BJ120-0.5AA, the long 0.5mm of strainometer grid, physical dimension 1.5 * 2.0mm in order to reduce groove depth ², unidirectional strainometer 1 is sticked on rod member scribbles on the measuring point of 502 glue.

3, adjust strainmeter: the unidirectional strainometer 1 that will stick on rod member 2 measuring points with shielded cable 3 inserts strainmeter 4 by the half-bridge mode, opens strainmeter 4 then, and reading strain is adjusted into zero.

4, fluting: for ease of work high above the ground, employing hacksaw fluting, should install and fix anchor clamps at fluting 5 places earlier before the construction, to prevent that hacksaw from sliding strainometer is damaged, press separation l=4mm, the ratio of groove depth h=1.3mm is left shallow slot 5, and the fluting speed control is at 0.5mm/ about second, unsuitable too fast, in order to avoid produce excessive machining stress.

5, read measured value: the reading that monitoring strainmeter 4 shows while slotting, when strainmeter 4 readings during not with change in depth, record strain value ε '.

6, working stress of buildings structure calculates: with the strain relief measure epsilon ' substitution actual strain release value ε calculating formula that reads:

ε=ε '-ε _mAccording to the indoor standardization test findings, the hacksaw caused average additional strain value of slotting is ε _m=-12 μ ε, actual strain release value ε is:

ε＝ε′+12。Then with actual strain release value ε substitution working stress computing formula:

σ=-E ε obtains the real work stress of each measuring point.

Embodiment 2: from visible this of Fig. 2 is to adopt method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ of the present invention that plane primary structure member 2 is carried out the working stress test, and selected special-purpose foil gauge is a TJI20-0.5AA strain rosette 6.Its concrete grammar step is:

1, measuring point is arranged: every velamen is surveyed member 2 and arranged two test surfaces, and each test surfaces is arranged two measuring points, and is earlier member 2 surface finish at paster place are smooth, with acetone that member 2 surface clean are clean then, is coated with one deck 502 glue more equably;

2, paste foil gauge: because tested member 2 be a plane stress state, so adopt strain rosette 6, strain rosette 6 is respectively 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° unidirectional strainometer 1 by three angles to be formed, the long 0.5mm of the grid of unidirectional strainometer 1, and profile directly warp is 3mm.Strain rosette 6 is sticked on member 2 to be scribbled on the measuring point of 502 glue;

3, adjust strainmeter: insert strainmeter 4 with the strain rosette 6 that shielded cable 3 will stick on the member 2 by the half-bridge mode, open strainmeter 4 then, strainmeter 4 readings are adjusted into zero;

4, fluting: grooving method adopts boring method, promptly bores a circle aperture 7 around strain rosette 6, removes the constraint at measuring point place fully.For the ease of execute-in-place, boring bar tool adopts small-sized electric hand drill, drill bit adopts φ 1.5mm auger bit, be the center with strain rosette 6 earlier before the boring, picture through the circle of 5mm, encloses hole 7 along round bur one always again, the degree of depth h in hole 7 is controlled at 1.5～2.0mm, penetration rate is controlled at 0.5mm/ about second, and is unsuitable too fast, in order to avoid produce excessive machining stress;

5, read measured value: the shown reading of monitoring strainmeter while holing, when strainmeter 4 readings do not change with drilling depth, record strain value ε ₁', ε ₂', ε ₃';

6, working stress of buildings structure calculates: with the strain relief measure epsilon that reads ₁', ε ₂', ε ₃' substitution actual strain release value ε calculating formula:

ε=ε '-ε _mAccording to the indoor standardization test findings, the caused average additional strain value of boring fluting is-18 μ ε, and actual strain release value ε is:

ε=ε '+18 are then with actual strain release value ε substitution working stress computing formula: ${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_2^1=-\frac{E}{2}[\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1+{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\&PlusMinus;\frac{1}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2+{(2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2}]$ $\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="tg"\; filenames="C0010522200141.png,C0010522200142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">tg</figure-callout>}2\mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1}$ Obtain the real work stress of each measuring point.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of method for testing working stress of buildings structure in situ is characterized in that: the implementation step of this method is as follows:

One, arranges measuring point: according to test request, on tested steel member or reinforcing bar, arrange the stress measuring point, promptly arrange foil gauge at steel construction that needs test job stress or reinforcing bar place, for the working stress test of uniaxial stressed state, described foil gauge is unidirectional strainometer; For the working stress test of plane stress state, described foil gauge is a strain rosette;

Two, paste foil gauge: the measuring point place of steel member or rebar surface is polished smooth, clean up with acetone then, unidirectional strainometer or the strain rosette that will select for use with glue stick on tested steel member or the reinforcing bar measuring point;

Three, adjust strainmeter: the unidirectional strainometer or the strain rosette of adopting shielded cable will stick on tested steel member or the reinforcing bar measuring point are connected with strainmeter, and strain-ga(u)ge reading is adjusted to zero;

Four, fluting: adopt hacksaw or drilling machine around the two ends or strain rosette of unidirectional strainometer, offer the shallow slot that groove depth is h with the speed that 0.5-1mm/ divides, groove depth h is 0.3 ~ 0.4 with the ratio of separation l;

Five, read measured value: the reading of monitoring strainmeter in the process of fluting, when reading strain is stablized, promptly can read strain relief measure epsilon under the uniaxial stressed state ' or plane stress state under the strain relief measure epsilon ₁', ε ₂', ε ₃';

Six, working stress of buildings structure calculates: with the strain relief measure epsilon that reads ' or ε ₁', ε ₂', ε ₃' substitution actual strain release value ε calculating formula:

ε=ε '-ε _m(ε in the formula _mBe processing additional strain value, ε generally speaking _m=-5 ~-19 μ ε) calculate actual strain release value ε, then with actual strain release value ε substitution working stress computing formula: ${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_2^1=-\frac{E}{2}[\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1+{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\&PlusMinus;\frac{1}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2+{(2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3)}^2}]$ $\mathrm{tg}2\mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{2{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3}{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_3-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1}$ Or σ=-E ε can draw the actual stress of tested steel member or reinforcing bar.

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