CN112034202B - Wind speed and direction sensor and method for kilometric ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft - Google Patents
Wind speed and direction sensor and method for kilometric ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN112034202B CN112034202B CN202010746279.3A CN202010746279A CN112034202B CN 112034202 B CN112034202 B CN 112034202B CN 202010746279 A CN202010746279 A CN 202010746279A CN 112034202 B CN112034202 B CN 112034202B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P1/00—Details of instruments
- G01P1/02—Housings
- G01P1/026—Housings for speed measuring devices, e.g. pulse generator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind speed and direction sensor and a method for a kilometric ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft, wherein in the underwater diving process along with the aircraft, the wind speed and direction sensor bears the pressure effect of seawater by a pressure-bearing cavity, and prevents a sealing cavity from water inflow through a sealing ring, so that parts in the sealing cavity are protected; devices outside a sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor are all mechanical parts, and are not damaged when being soaked in seawater. When the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft is out of water and floats on the sea surface, the wind speed and wind direction sensor carries out wind speed measurement by calculating the frequency of the pulse gear driven by the wind cup to cut the light beam of the photoelectric sensing assembly; wind direction measurement is performed by detecting the angular deflection generated when the light beam of the photoelectric sensing assembly passes through the gap of the Gray code disc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of meteorological monitoring instruments, and particularly relates to a wind speed and direction sensor which is used for an ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft and has the capabilities of water prevention and pressure resistance in kilometer-level water depth.
Background
The marine wind-driven unmanned aircraft is an ocean unmanned aircraft which can realize navigation propulsion by using sea surface wind energy, and the mode of propulsion by means of environmental wind energy can obviously reduce the energy consumption of the aircraft and enhance the endurance and the self-sustaining capability of the aircraft.
The ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft is required to be provided with a wind speed and wind direction sensor, and the sensor can acquire wind speed and wind direction information in the process of sailing and provide reference data for setting and controlling the sail turning angle, the rudder turning angle and the sailing speed of the aircraft. The sailing working condition environment of the marine unmanned aircraft puts higher requirements on the waterproof and pressure-resistant performances of the wind speed and direction sensor, on one hand, the wind speed and direction sensor is required to be exposed to the sea surface environment for data acquisition in the water surface sailing stage of the aircraft, and on the other hand, the wind speed and direction sensor is required to perform underwater diving with the depth of kilometers along with the aircraft.
The waterproof performance of various existing commercial wind speed and wind direction sensors (photoelectric type, electromagnetic type, pitot tube type, thermal type, ultrasonic type and the like) can reach the soaking capacity of 10m long time underwater at most, and the sensors have obvious difference with the requirements of kilometer-level deep waterproof and pressure resistance of an ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft. Therefore, the existing commercial wind speed and direction sensor is not suitable for the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft, and a novel wind speed and direction sensor which is suitable for the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft and has the capabilities of water depth at the kilometer level, water resistance and pressure resistance needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to develop a novel wind speed and direction sensor and a method which are suitable for an ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft and have the water-proof and pressure-resistant capabilities of kilometer water depth, aiming at the problem that the waterproof and pressure-resistant performances of various existing commercial wind speed and direction sensors cannot meet the requirement that the sensors can submerge with the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft in the kilometer water depth.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a wind speed and direction sensor for a kilometric-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft comprises a watertight plug, a base, a pressure-bearing shell, a pressure-bearing end cover, a water immersion shell, an outer rotating shaft, a first bearing, a second bearing, an outer retainer ring, a plane coupling outer magnetic disc, a plane coupling inner magnetic disc, a third bearing, a fourth bearing, an inner rotating shaft, an inner retainer ring, a circuit board, a measuring element, a sensor assembly and a photoelectric sensing assembly;
the base, the pressure-bearing shell and the pressure-bearing end cover are all of a revolving body structure, and the pressure-bearing end cover, the pressure-bearing shell and the base are sequentially arranged along the vertical direction of a revolving axis from top to bottom to form a waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor; the watertight plug is arranged in a threaded hole at the rotary axis at the bottom of the base;
the water immersion shell is of a revolving body structure and is vertically arranged on the upper part of the pressure-bearing end cover along a revolving axis, a first circular groove and a second circular groove are arranged at the revolving axis of the water immersion shell, a first bearing and a second bearing are respectively arranged in the first circular groove and the second circular groove, an outer rotating shaft is arranged in bearing inner rings of the first bearing and the second bearing and can rotate around the revolving axis in an angle, the outer rotating shaft is axially contacted and positioned with the upper end face of an inner ring of the first bearing through a shaft shoulder, the outer rotating shaft is provided with an outer retainer ring through a groove, and the axial contact and positioning with the lower end face of the inner ring of the second bearing is realized through the outer retainer ring; the bottom of the outer rotating shaft is inserted into a central hole of an outer magnetic disk of the plane coupling; the top of the outer rotating shaft is provided with a measuring element;
the inner magnetic disc, the third bearing, the fourth bearing, the inner rotating shaft, the inner retainer ring and the circuit board of the plane coupler are sequentially arranged in the waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the rotation axis; a third circular groove and a fourth circular groove are formed in the rotary axis of the middle of the pressure-bearing shell, a third bearing and a fourth bearing are respectively installed in the third circular groove and the fourth circular groove, an inner rotary shaft is installed in bearing inner rings of the third bearing and the fourth bearing and can rotate around the rotary axis in an angle, the inner rotary shaft is axially contacted and positioned with the lower end face of the inner ring of the fourth bearing through a shaft shoulder, the inner rotary shaft is provided with an inner retainer ring through a groove, and the inner retainer ring is used for axially contacting and positioning with the upper end face of the inner ring of the third bearing; the top of the inner rotating shaft is inserted into a central hole of the magnetic disc in the planar coupling; the bottom of the inner rotating shaft is provided with a sensor assembly; the circuit board is circular and is arranged at the center of the upper end face of the base, and the photoelectric sensing assembly is welded on the circuit board and is used for measuring wind speed and wind direction;
the outer magnetic disc of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disc of the plane coupling form a group of non-contact magnetic couplings; the outer magnetic disk of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disk of the plane coupling are magnetized along the axial direction and the magnetizing directions are opposite.
Furthermore, the watertight plug and the base adopt an axial sealing mode, a smooth concave table surface is arranged at the center of the lower end surface of the base, a groove is arranged on the end surface of the watertight plug, and a sealing ring is embedded in the groove to realize waterproof sealing between the watertight plug and the base; the lower end surface of the base is provided with mounting threaded bottom holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the installation thread bottom hole is used for being connected and fastened with a horizontal installation surface of the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft, and the rotation axis of the wind speed and direction sensor is kept in the vertical direction; the watertight plug is used for being connected with a watertight cable of the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft, and the 24VDC power supply and serial port data transmission functions of the wind speed and direction sensor are achieved.
Furthermore, grooves are formed in the lower end face of the pressure-bearing end cover and the upper end face of the base, and sealing rings are embedded in the grooves to realize waterproof sealing between the pressure-bearing end cover and the pressure-bearing shell and between the base and the pressure-bearing shell; bolt mounting holes are uniformly distributed on the circumferences of the radial edges of the end surfaces of the pressure-bearing end cover and the base and are tightly connected with the pressure-bearing shell through bolts; the base, the pressure-bearing shell and the pressure-bearing end cover are made of TC4 titanium alloy or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy metal materials.
Furthermore, the pressure-bearing shell, the pressure-bearing end cover and the water-immersed shell are fastened and connected through bolts, the outer rotating shaft is axially contacted and positioned with the upper end face of the inner ring of the first bearing through a first shaft shoulder, and the axial contact and positioning of the outer magnetic disc of the plane coupling are realized through a second shaft shoulder; the circumferential fixation of the outer rotating shaft and the outer magnetic disk of the plane coupling is realized by a set screw; the water immersion shell and the outer rotating shaft are made of TC4 titanium alloy or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy metal materials; the first bearing and the second bearing are ceramic ball bearings.
Further, the inner rotating shaft is axially contacted and positioned with the lower end face of the inner ring of the fourth bearing through a third shaft shoulder, and the axial contact and positioning of the magnetic disc in the planar coupling are realized through a fourth shaft shoulder; the circumferential fixation of the inner rotating shaft and the inner magnetic disc of the plane coupling is realized through the set screws.
Furthermore, the pressure-bearing end cover is made of non-magnetic aluminum alloy 6061-T6 material as an isolation cover, and separates the magnetic disc outside the plane coupling from the magnetic disc inside the plane coupling; the magnetic disc outside the plane coupling and the magnetic blocks of N pole and S pole in the magnetic disc inside the plane coupling are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction to form a magnetic open circuit connection body; magnetic lines of force pass through the pressure-bearing end cover to transmit the power and the motion of the magnetic disk outside the plane coupling to the magnetic disk inside the plane coupling; in a windless static state, N pole magnetic blocks and S pole magnetic blocks between the outer magnetic disc of the planar coupling and the inner magnetic disc of the planar coupling are mutually attracted and arranged in a straight line, and the torque is zero; when the outer magnetic disc of the plane coupling rotates under the action of wind load, an offset corner is formed between the outer magnetic disc of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disc of the plane coupling, the N-pole magnetic block in the outer magnetic disc of the plane coupling and the S-pole magnetic block in the corresponding inner magnetic disc of the plane coupling generate a pulling action, the S-pole magnetic block in the outer magnetic disc of the plane coupling and the N-pole magnetic block in the corresponding inner magnetic disc of the plane coupling generate a pushing action, and the inner magnetic disc of the plane coupling rotates along with the outer magnetic disc of the plane coupling.
Further, the measuring element comprises a wind cup for measuring wind speed and a wind vane for measuring wind direction.
Further, the sensor assembly comprises a pulse fluted disc and a Gray code disc.
In addition, a wind speed and direction method for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is further provided, and comprises the following modes:
s1, in the measuring process, the wind load drives an external wind cup, an external rotating shaft, an external magnetic disk of the plane coupling, and an internal magnetic disk, an internal rotating shaft and a pulse fluted disc of the plane coupling in the sealing cavity to rotate in sequence; the pulse fluted disc rotates in a crack of the photoelectric sensing assembly and cuts a light beam, and the photoelectric sensing assembly generates a signal which is in direct proportion to the wind speed according to the cutting frequency of the pulse fluted disc and outputs the signal;
s2, in the measuring process, the wind load drives an external wind vane, an external rotating shaft, a plane coupling external magnetic disc, and a plane coupling internal magnetic disc, an internal rotating shaft and a pulse fluted disc in the sealing cavity to generate angle deflection; because the Gray code disc generates angular deflection in a crack of the photoelectric sensing assembly, the photoelectric sensing assembly shapes and outputs a wind direction detection signal according to a light beam signal passing through the Gray code disc.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a pressure-bearing structure consisting of a watertight plug, a base, a pressure-bearing shell and a pressure-bearing end cover, and realizes the kilometer-level water pressure waterproof sealing by adopting static sealing. Compared with the dynamic sealing technical scheme, the sealing reliability is higher. Compare current commercial wind speed sensor, waterproof performance is showing and is promoting.
2. The invention adopts the plane magnetic coupling coupler to realize the non-contact transmission of the torque between the inner rotating shaft and the outer rotating shaft of the wind speed and direction sensor. Compared with the technical scheme of the dynamic sealing of the rotating shaft, the scheme of the planar magnetic coupling adopted by the invention has the advantages of small starting torque of the rotating shaft, low frictional resistance, less rotating speed loss of the rotating shaft in wind speed measurement and quick steering response of the rotating shaft in wind direction measurement.
3. The wind speed measurement and the wind direction measurement adopt the technical scheme of same transmission, pressure resistance and waterproof sealing, the universality is strong, and only the parts of the tail end shaft section arranged on the outer rotating shaft and the lower tail end shaft section of the inner rotating shaft need to be changed according to different measurement objects.
4. The immersed outer rotating shaft of the wind speed and wind direction sensor is supported and rotated by the ceramic ball bearing, and the bearing can be immersed in seawater for a long time and is corrosion-resistant. Compared with the common steel ball bearing, the resistance caused by bearing corrosion can be avoided.
5. The invention has simple working principle, adopts mechanical transmission principle for measurement, has compact and small design of each device, high integration level, no need of special processing technology and special parts, mature technology, low cost and high working reliability and stability.
6. The waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity bears the pressure of seawater in the underwater diving process along with a navigation device, and the sealing ring prevents the sealed cavity from water inflow, so that parts in the sealed cavity are protected; devices outside a sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor are all mechanical parts, and are not damaged when being soaked in seawater. When the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft is out of water and floats on the sea surface, the wind speed and direction sensor is arranged at the highest point of the aircraft, the rotation axis is kept to be in the vertical direction, and no obstacle is shielded in the circumferential direction, so that the wind speed and direction measurement is implemented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind speed measurement case according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wind direction measurement case according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a planar coupling disk
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a body of a wind speed and direction sensor for an ocean wind unmanned vehicle comprises: the device comprises a watertight plug 1, a base 2, a pressure-bearing shell 3, a pressure-bearing end cover 4, a water immersion shell 5, an outer rotating shaft 6, a first bearing 7, a second bearing 8, an outer retainer ring 9, a plane coupling outer magnetic disk 10, a plane coupling inner magnetic disk 11, a third bearing 12, a fourth bearing 13, an inner rotating shaft 14, an inner retainer ring 15, a circuit board 16, a bolt 17, a sealing ring 18a, a sealing ring 18b and a set screw 19.
The watertight plug 1 is arranged in an 7/16-20UNF threaded hole at the rotation axis of the base 2, the watertight plug 1 and the base 2 adopt an axial sealing mode, a smooth concave table top with the diameter of 24mm and the surface roughness of Ra1.6 mu m is designed at the center of the lower end face of the base 2, a groove is designed on the end face of the watertight plug 1, and a sealing ring 18a is embedded in the groove to realize the waterproof sealing between the watertight plug 1 and the base 2. The lower end surface of the base 2 is provided with mounting thread bottom holes 201 which are uniformly distributed on the circumference. The mounting threaded bottom hole 201 is used for being connected and fastened with a horizontal mounting surface of the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft and keeping the rotation axis of the wind speed and direction sensor in the vertical direction. The watertight plug 1 is used for being connected with a watertight cable of the marine pneumatic unmanned aircraft, and realizes 24VDC power supply and serial port data transmission functions of the wind speed and direction sensor.
The base 2, the pressure-bearing shell 3 and the pressure-bearing end cover 4 are of a revolving body structure, and the pressure-bearing end cover 4, the pressure-bearing shell 3 and the base 2 are sequentially placed from top to bottom along the vertical direction of a revolving axis to form a waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor. Grooves are designed on the lower end face of the pressure-bearing end cover 4 and the upper end face of the base 2, and the sealing ring 18b is embedded in the grooves to realize waterproof sealing between the pressure-bearing end cover 4 and the pressure-bearing shell 3 and between the base 2 and the pressure-bearing shell 3. The bearing end cover 4 and the base 2 are uniformly provided with bolt mounting holes at the periphery of the radial edge of the end surface and are tightly connected with the bearing shell 3 through bolts 17.
An inner magnetic disc 11, a third bearing 12, a fourth bearing 13, an inner rotating shaft 14, an inner retainer ring 15 and a circuit board 16 of the plane coupler are sequentially arranged in the waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the rotating axis. The third bearing 12 is arranged in a circular groove 301 at the rotation axis of the pressure-bearing shell 3, and the lower end surface of the outer ring of the third bearing 12 is positioned in contact with a circular groove surface 302; the fourth bearing 13 is installed in a circular groove 303 at the rotation axis of the pressure-bearing housing 3, and the upper end surface of the outer ring of the fourth bearing 13 is positioned in contact with the circular groove surface 304. The inner rotating shaft 14 is installed in the bearing inner rings of the third bearing 12 and the fourth bearing 13 and can rotate around the rotating axis by 360 degrees, the shoulder 141 of the inner rotating shaft 14 is axially contacted and positioned with the lower end face of the inner ring of the fourth bearing 13, and the inner retainer ring 15 is installed in the groove 142 of the inner rotating shaft 14 and realizes axial contact and positioning with the upper end face of the inner ring of the third bearing 12. The end shaft section 143 on the inner rotating shaft 14 is inserted into the central hole of the inner disk 11 of the planar coupling, and the shaft shoulder 144 realizes the axial contact positioning of the inner disk 11 of the planar coupling. The fastening screw 19 realizes circumferential fixation of the inner rotating shaft 14 and the inner magnetic disk 11 in the plane coupling. The circuit board 16 is circular and placed at the center of the upper end face of the base 2, and a bolt 17 is used to fasten the circuit board 16 and the base 2. The photoelectric sensing assemblies 26, 26b are soldered on the circuit board 16 and used for wind speed and direction measurement.
The water immersion shell 5 is a revolving body structure and is vertically arranged on the upper part of the pressure-bearing end cover 4 along the revolving axis, and the pressure-bearing shell 3, the pressure-bearing end cover 4 and the water immersion shell 5 are tightly connected by bolts 17. The first bearing 7 is arranged in a circular groove 501 at the rotation axis of the soaking shell 5, and the lower end surface of the outer ring of the first bearing 7 is positioned in contact with a circular groove surface 502; the second bearing 8 is installed in a circular groove 503 at the rotation axis of the submerged shell 5, and the upper end surface of the outer ring of the second bearing 8 is positioned in contact with the circular groove surface 504. The outer rotating shaft 6 is arranged in the bearing inner rings of the first bearing 7 and the second bearing 8 and can rotate around the rotating axis for 360 degrees, the shoulder 601 of the outer rotating shaft 6 is axially contacted and positioned with the upper end surface of the inner ring of the first bearing 7, and the outer retaining ring 9 is arranged in the groove 602 of the outer rotating shaft 6 and realizes axial contact and positioning with the lower end surface of the inner ring of the second bearing 8. The lower end shaft section 603 of the outer rotating shaft 6 is inserted into the central hole of the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling, and the shaft shoulder 604 realizes the axial contact positioning of the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling. The fastening screws 19 realize circumferential fixation of the outer spindle 6 and the outer disc 10 of the planar coupling.
The first bearing 7 and the second bearing 8 are ceramic ball bearings, can be used in a marine environment for a long time, and are resistant to seawater corrosion. The base 2, the pressure-bearing shell 3, the water immersion shell 5 and the outer rotating shaft 6 are made of metal materials resistant to seawater corrosion, such as TC4 titanium alloy, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and the like, but are not limited to the above.
As shown in fig. 3, the outer magnetic disk 10 of the planar coupling and the inner magnetic disk 11 of the planar coupling form a set of non-contact magnetic couplings. The pressure-bearing end cover 4 is made of non-magnetic aluminum alloy 6061-T6 material as a separation cover to separate the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling from the inner disk 11 of the plane coupling in the pressure-bearing sealed cavity. The outer magnetic disk 10 of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disk 11 of the plane coupling are magnetized along the axial direction and have opposite magnetizing directions. The magnetic blocks 20 and 21 of N pole and S pole in the magnetic disk 10 and 11 in the plane coupling are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction to form a magnetic open-circuit connection body. Magnetic lines of force pass through the pressure-bearing end cover 4 to transmit the power and the motion of the outer magnetic disk 10 of the plane coupling to the inner magnetic disk 11 of the plane coupling. In a windless static state, the N pole magnetic block 20 and the S pole magnetic block 21 between the outer magnetic disk 10 and the inner magnetic disk 11 of the plane coupling are mutually attracted and arranged in a straight line, and the torque is zero. When the outer magnetic disk 10 of the plane coupling rotates under the action of wind load, an offset corner is formed between the outer magnetic disk 10 of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disk 11 of the plane coupling, the N pole magnetic block 20a pulls the S pole magnetic block 21b, and the S pole magnetic block 21a pushes the N pole magnetic block 20b, so that the inner magnetic disk 11 of the plane coupling rotates along with the outer magnetic disk 10 of the plane coupling.
As shown in fig. 1, a wind speed and direction sensor for an ocean wind-driven unmanned vehicle in the case of measuring wind speed, a wind cup 22 is installed at an upper end shaft section 605 of an outer shaft 6 and is axially positioned by a shaft shoulder 606, and a fastening screw 19 is circumferentially fastened. The pulse fluted disc 24 is mounted at the lower end shaft section 145 of the inner rotating shaft 14 and is axially positioned by a shoulder 146, and the set screws 19 are circumferentially tightened. In the measuring process, the wind load drives the external wind cup 22, the external rotating shaft 6, the outer magnetic disk 10 of the planar coupling, and the inner magnetic disk 11, the inner rotating shaft 14 and the pulse fluted disk 24 of the planar coupling in the sealed cavity to rotate in sequence. The pulse fluted disc 24 rotates in the gap of the photoelectric sensing assembly 26 and cuts the light beam, and the photoelectric sensing assembly 26 generates a signal output proportional to the wind speed according to the cutting frequency of the pulse fluted disc 24.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the case of measuring the wind direction, a wind speed and direction sensor for an ocean wind-driven unmanned vehicle is provided, wherein a vane 23 is arranged at the upper end shaft section 605 of an outer shaft 6, is axially positioned by a shaft shoulder 606, and is circumferentially fastened by a fastening screw 19. The gray code disk 25 is mounted at the lower end shaft segment 145 of the inner rotating shaft 14 and is axially positioned by the shoulder 146 and circumferentially secured by the set screw 19. In the measuring process, the wind load drives the external wind vane 23, the external rotating shaft 6, the outer magnetic disk 10 of the planar coupling, and the inner magnetic disk 11, the inner rotating shaft 14 and the pulse fluted disk 24 of the planar coupling in the sealing cavity to generate angle deflection in sequence. Because the Gray code disc 25 generates angular deflection in the crack of the photoelectric sensing assembly 26, the photoelectric sensing assembly 26 shapes and outputs a wind direction detection signal according to a light beam signal passing through the Gray code disc 25.
In the process of submerging and submerging the wind speed and wind direction sensor for the ocean wind-driven unmanned aircraft along with the aircraft, a pressure-bearing cavity body consisting of a base 2, a pressure-bearing shell 3 and a pressure-bearing end cover 4 bears the pressure of the seawater, a sealing ring prevents the sealed cavity body from being filled with water, parts in the sealed cavity body are protected, and devices outside the sealed cavity body of the wind speed and wind direction sensor are all mechanical parts and are not damaged when being soaked in the seawater. When the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft is out of water and floats on the sea surface, the wind speed and direction sensor is arranged at the highest point of the aircraft, the rotation axis is kept to be in the vertical direction, and no obstacle is shielded in the circumferential direction, so that the wind speed and direction measurement is implemented.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A wind speed and direction sensor for a kilometric ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized by comprising a watertight plug (1), a base (2), a pressure-bearing shell (3), a pressure-bearing end cover (4), a water immersion shell (5), an outer rotating shaft (6), a first bearing (7), a second bearing (8), an outer retainer ring (9), a plane coupling outer magnetic disc (10), a plane coupling inner magnetic disc (11), a third bearing (12), a fourth bearing (13), an inner rotating shaft (14), an inner retainer ring (15), a circuit board (16), a measuring element, a sensor assembly and a photoelectric sensing assembly (26);
the base (2), the pressure-bearing shell (3) and the pressure-bearing end cover (4) are all of a revolving body structure, and the pressure-bearing end cover (4), the pressure-bearing shell (3) and the base (2) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the vertical direction of a revolving axis to form a waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor; the watertight plug (1) is arranged in a threaded hole at the rotary axis at the bottom of the base (2);
the water immersion shell (5) is of a rotary body structure and is vertically arranged on the upper portion of the pressure-bearing end cover (4) along a rotary axis, a first circular groove (501) and a second circular groove (503) are arranged at the rotary axis of the water immersion shell (5), the first bearing (7) and the second bearing (8) are respectively arranged in the first circular groove (501) and the second circular groove (503), the first bearing (7) is positioned above the second bearing (8), the outer rotating shaft (6) is arranged in bearing inner rings of the first bearing (7) and the second bearing (8) and can rotate around the rotary axis for 360 degrees, the outer rotating shaft (6) is axially contacted and positioned with the upper end face of the inner ring of the first bearing (7) through a shaft shoulder, and the outer retainer ring (9) is arranged on the outer rotating shaft (6) through a groove, the axial contact positioning with the lower end face of the inner ring of the second bearing (8) is realized through an outer retainer ring (9); the bottom of the outer rotating shaft (6) is inserted into a central hole of an outer disk (10) of the plane coupling; the top of the outer rotating shaft (6) is provided with a measuring element;
an inner magnetic disc (11), an inner retainer ring (15), a third bearing (12), a fourth bearing (13) and a circuit board (16) of the plane coupling are sequentially arranged in the waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity from top to bottom along the vertical direction of a rotation axis; a third circular groove (301) and a fourth circular groove (303) are arranged at the middle rotary axis of the pressure-bearing shell (3), the third bearing (12) and the fourth bearing (13) are respectively arranged in the third circular groove (301) and the fourth circular groove (303), the inner rotary shaft (14) is arranged in the bearing inner rings of the third bearing (12) and the fourth bearing (13) and can rotate around the rotary axis by 360 degrees, the inner rotary shaft (14) is axially contacted and positioned with the lower end surface of the inner ring of the fourth bearing (13) through a shaft shoulder, the inner rotary shaft (14) is provided with the inner retainer ring (15) through a groove, and the inner retainer ring (15) is used for axially contacting and positioning with the upper end surface of the inner ring of the third bearing (12); the top of the inner rotating shaft (14) is inserted into a central hole of an inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling; the bottom of the inner rotating shaft (14) is provided with a sensor assembly; the circuit board (16) is circular and is arranged at the center of the upper end face of the base (2), and the photoelectric sensing assembly (26) is welded on the circuit board (16) and is used for measuring wind speed and wind direction;
the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling form a group of non-contact magnetic couplings; the outer magnetic disk (10) of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disk (11) of the plane coupling are magnetized along the axial direction and the magnetizing directions are opposite.
2. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized in that the watertight plug (1) and the base (2) adopt an axial sealing mode, a smooth concave table surface is arranged at the center of the lower end surface of the base (2), a groove is formed in the end surface of the watertight plug (1), and a sealing ring is embedded in the groove to realize waterproof sealing between the watertight plug (1) and the base (2); the lower end face of the base (2) is provided with mounting thread bottom holes (201) which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the installation threaded bottom hole (201) is used for being connected and fastened with a horizontal installation surface of the ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft and keeping the rotation axis of the wind speed and direction sensor in the vertical direction; the watertight plug (1) is used for being connected with a watertight cable of the ocean wind energy unmanned vehicle, and realizes 24VDC power supply and serial port data transmission functions of the wind speed and direction sensor.
3. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilometric-scale unmanned ocean wind vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that grooves are formed in both the lower end face of the pressure-bearing end cover (4) and the upper end face of the base (2), and sealing rings are embedded in the grooves to realize waterproof sealing between the pressure-bearing end cover (4) and the pressure-bearing shell (3) and between the base (2) and the pressure-bearing shell (3); bolt mounting holes are uniformly distributed on the radial edge of the end face of the pressure-bearing end cover (4) and the base (2) at the circumference, and are fixedly connected with the pressure-bearing shell (3) through bolts (17); the base (2), the pressure-bearing shell (3) and the pressure-bearing end cover (4) are made of TC4 titanium alloy or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy metal materials.
4. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized in that a pressure-bearing shell (3), a pressure-bearing end cover (4) and a water immersion shell (5) are fixedly connected through bolts (17), an outer rotating shaft (6) is axially contacted and positioned with the upper end face of an inner ring of a first bearing (7) through a first shaft shoulder (601), and the axial contact and positioning of a magnetic disk (10) outside a plane coupling are realized through a second shaft shoulder (604); the circumferential fixation of the outer rotating shaft (6) and the outer magnetic disk (10) of the plane coupling is realized by a set screw (19); the water immersion shell (5) and the outer rotating shaft (6) are made of TC4 titanium alloy or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy metal materials; the first bearing (7) and the second bearing (8) are ceramic ball bearings.
5. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized in that the inner rotating shaft (14) is axially contacted and positioned with the lower end face of the inner ring of the fourth bearing (13) through a third shaft shoulder (141), and the axial contact and positioning of the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling is realized through a fourth shaft shoulder (144); the circumferential fixation of the inner rotating shaft (14) and the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling is realized through a set screw (19).
6. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized in that a pressure-bearing end cover (4) is made of a non-magnetic aluminum alloy 6061-T6 material as an isolation cover to separate a magnetic disc (11) in a plane coupling from a magnetic disc (10) outside the plane coupling; the outer magnetic disk (10) of the planar coupler and the N-pole magnetic blocks (20) and the S-pole magnetic blocks (21) in the inner magnetic disk (11) of the planar coupler are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction to form a magnetic open-circuit connection body; magnetic lines of force pass through the pressure-bearing end cover (4) to transmit the power and the motion of the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling to the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling; in a windless static state, N pole magnetic blocks (20) and S pole magnetic blocks (21) between an outer magnetic disk (10) and an inner magnetic disk (11) of the planar coupling are mutually attracted and arranged in a straight line, and the torque is zero; when the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling rotates under the action of wind load, an offset corner is formed between the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling, an N-pole magnetic block in the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling and an S-pole magnetic block in the corresponding inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling generate a pulling action, an S-pole magnetic block in the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling and an N-pole magnetic block in the corresponding inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling generate a pushing action, and the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling rotates along with the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling.
7. A wind speed and direction sensor for a thousand meter scale ocean wind energy unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that said measuring elements comprise a wind cup (22) for measuring wind speed and a wind vane (23) for measuring wind direction.
8. The anemometry sensor for a thousand meter marine wind energy unmanned aircraft according to claim 7, characterized in that said sensor assembly comprises a pulse fluted disc (24) and a Gray code disc (25).
9. A wind speed and direction method for a kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is based on the wind speed and direction sensor of claim 8 and is characterized by comprising the following modes:
s1, in the measuring process, the wind load drives an external wind cup (22), an external rotating shaft (6), a plane coupling external magnetic disk (10), and a plane coupling internal magnetic disk (11), an internal rotating shaft (14) and a pulse fluted disk (24) in a sealing cavity to rotate in sequence; the pulse fluted disc (24) rotates in a crack of the photoelectric sensing assembly (26) and cuts a light beam, and the photoelectric sensing assembly (26) generates a signal output which is in direct proportion to the wind speed according to the cutting frequency of the pulse fluted disc (24);
s2, in the measuring process, wind load drives an external wind vane (23), an external rotating shaft (6), a plane coupling external magnetic disk (10) and a plane coupling internal magnetic disk (11), an internal rotating shaft (14) and a Gray code disk (25) in a sealing cavity to generate angle deflection in sequence; because the Gray code disc (25) generates angular deflection in a crack of the photoelectric sensing assembly (26), the photoelectric sensing assembly (26) shapes and outputs a wind direction detection signal according to a light beam signal passing through the Gray code disc (25).
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