CN112032734A

CN112032734A - Mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by fuel cell and disposal method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112032734A
Application number: CN202010931917.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 隆武强; 黄超; 陈雷; 田华; 连波; 樊大龙; 霍有荔; 陈建帆; 张守荣
Original assignee: Dalian University of Technology
Current assignee: Dalian University of Technology
Priority date: 2020-09-08
Filing date: 2020-09-08
Publication date: 2020-12-04

Abstract

A mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by a fuel cell and a disposal method thereof comprise a crusher, a three-section garbage incinerator, a flue gas quenching system and a flue gas disposal system, wherein the disposal method comprises the following steps: a. preheating; b. drying and dehydrating; c. anaerobic pyrolysis; d. carrying out garbage combustion treatment; e. cooling the flue gas; f. flue gas purification: and discharging the cooled flue gas through a chimney. Compared with a fuel automobile, the fuel battery used as a power automobile is cleaner, and the secondary pollution emission of the automobile is reduced; the hydrogen is introduced into the drying chamber and the combustion chamber, the temperature condition required by the reaction is quickly established before the garbage treatment, the time required by the normal work of the system can be shortened, and the combustion and purification efficiency is improved.

Description

Mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by fuel cell and disposal method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment.

Background

At present, the domestic garbage treatment problem in China is increasingly paid attention by people, and especially in rural areas, the shortage of garbage harmless treatment equipment and technology seriously influences the local economic development. According to statistics, the number of villages and towns in China exceeds 3 thousands, the number of administrative villages exceeds 50 thousands, and the quantity of domestic garbage generated in rural areas exceeds billion tons every year. The treatment of household garbage in partial rural areas is seriously lagged, the phenomena of random dumping, disordered stacking, open burning, "garbage mountain", "garbage river" and the like are very common, and the problems of safe drinking water, soil pollution and the like are developed in a centralized way.

How to scientifically and effectively treat rural domestic garbage is a problem to be solved urgently in the field of rural environmental protection in China. Since the beginning of 'eleven five', with the development of new rural construction work, various governments make management regulations for the standardized treatment of rural garbage, and a mode of 'village collection-rural (town) transport-county (city) treatment' is required. Due to the problems of transportation and other expenses, the mode of 'collecting all things, transporting all things and treating all things' is successfully popularized and applied in a few developed economic counties and cities along the coast, and is difficult to apply in most rural areas with underdeveloped economic level. The construction of small-sized rural garbage purification facilities and the on-site rapid treatment of rural garbage are one of feasible technical routes, but at present, the small-sized rural garbage purification facilities cannot be popularized on a large scale due to the reasons of policies, technologies, capital, the adjacent avoidance effect of operation management talents and villagers and the like.

The problem of domestic waste treatment in cities and towns is more and more severe, and most cities in China face the dilemma of refuse surrounding. The unified collection and centralized treatment is a garbage treatment mode commonly adopted in all regions at present, but because the cities are dispersed at collection points in a large range and the garbage volume is large, the traditional method wastes time and labor, the treatment cost is high, and the hidden troubles of the falling safety problem and the secondary pollution exist in the collection and transportation process.

With the increasing amount of rural and urban garbage, finding suitable garbage disposal equipment and a clean, efficient and low-cost garbage disposal method become important for environmental protection. At present, diesel trucks are mostly adopted as carrying platforms in the existing mobile garbage treatment equipment, but a certain amount of pollutant emission can be generated by diesel combustion, so that air pollution is caused. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a low/non-pollution operation technology to realize mobile garbage reduction and purification.

Fig. 1 shows a mobile garbage disposal vehicle (patent application No. CN201720820310.7), which specifically comprises a collecting hopper 1, a crusher 2, an oil storage tank 3, a bucket elevator 4, a first motor 5, an incinerator 6, a second motor 7, a compressor 8, a battery 9, a cable 10, a waste liquid collecting tank 11, a gas generator 12, an alkali liquor storing tank 13, a gas purifying tower 14, a gas transmission pipeline 15, a condensing tower 16, a cyclone dust collector 17, a transition cabin 18, a gas retort 19 and other components.

Fig. 2 discloses a movable domestic garbage incinerator (patent application No. CN201610130490.6), which comprises a steel beam 1, an incineration chamber 2, a cyclone dust collection chamber 3, an oil-gas mixing chamber 4, a tail gas treatment system 5, a drying chamber 6, an air supply system 7, a slag discharge chamber 8, a steam generation pipe 9, an odor inlet 10, a steam discharge pipe 11, a stirrer 12, a baffle plate 13, a hot air pipe 14, an odor return port 15, a lifting hopper 16, a hot air inlet 17, a wastewater outlet 18, a water tank 19, a driving system 20, a power system 21, a traction head 22, an exhaust fan 23, a primary cloth bag dust collection chamber 24, a secondary cloth bag dust collection chamber 25 and an air heat dissipation chamber 26.

From the structural and principle point of view, the solution provided by the above patent has the following disadvantages: (1) the device adopts fuel oil as engine fuel, so that the exhaust emission of the garbage disposal vehicle during driving can not be reduced, and secondary environmental pollution is caused; (2) the technology adopted by the device cannot rapidly improve the temperature and the purification efficiency in the drying chamber.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of the existing mobile garbage disposal vehicle, the invention provides a mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by a fuel cell.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by a fuel cell comprises a pulverizer 14, a three-section garbage incinerator 10, a flue gas quenching system 6 and a flue gas treatment system 17, wherein the pulverizer 14, the three-section garbage incinerator 10, the flue gas quenching system 6 and the flue gas treatment system 17 are installed on a placing plate 16 on the rear side of a cockpit 1, a drying chamber 11, a pyrolysis chamber 12 and a combustion chamber 15 are arranged in the three-section garbage incinerator 10 from top to bottom, the output end of the pulverizer 10 is connected with the inlet of the drying chamber 11 of the three-section garbage incinerator 10, the outlet of the three-section garbage incinerator 10 is connected with the inlet of the flue gas quenching system 6, and a heat exchanger 9 and a cooling liquid circulating system 8 are arranged in the flue gas quenching system 6; the outlet of the flue gas quenching system 6 is connected with a flue gas treatment system 17; the fuel gas storage tank 2 is connected with a fuel cell 20 through a fuel gas delivery pipe, and the fuel cell 20 is connected with the three-section type garbage incinerator 10 through the fuel gas delivery pipe.

The flue gas treatment system 17 comprises an acid removal device 18, a dust remover 5, a chimney 3 and a fan 19, wherein the inlet of the acid removal device 51 is connected with the outlet of the flue gas quenching system 6, the outlet of the acid removal device 18 is connected with the dust remover 5, the dust remover 5 is connected with the chimney 3, and the fan 19 is arranged on a pipeline between the dust remover 5 and the chimney 3.

The output end of the crusher 14 is connected with a garbage lifting device 13, and the output end of the garbage lifting device 13 is connected with the three-section garbage incinerator 10.

The rear part of the cockpit 1 is provided with a container 7, and the crusher 1, the lifting device 2, the three-section garbage incinerator 3, the flue gas cooling system 4 and the flue gas treatment system 17 are arranged in the container 7.

A mobile garbage disposal method driven by a fuel cell comprises the following steps:

a. preheating: the fuel gas of the fuel cell 20 is delivered to the drying chamber 11 and the combustion chamber 15 of the three-section garbage incinerator 10 through pipelines, and the environmental temperature is increased through the combustion of the fuel gas;

b. drying and dehydrating: the crushed garbage enters a drying chamber 11 for drying and dehydration;

c. anaerobic pyrolysis: the dehydrated garbage enters the pyrolysis bin 12 from the drying chamber 11, the temperature of the garbage entering the pyrolysis bin is continuously increased after the garbage obtains heat because high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion bin 15 continuously passes through the pyrolysis bin, and the garbage starts to enter thermal cracking when the temperature reaches over 500 ℃; in the process, the temperature sensor positioned in the pyrolysis bin 12 continuously measures the actual temperature in the pyrolysis bin, if the actual temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the existing working condition is kept, and if the actual temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the gas delivery volume is increased until the actual temperature in the pyrolysis bin is higher than 500 ℃; when the temperature in the pyrolysis cabin meets the pyrolysis condition, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in the pyrolysis cabin;

d. garbage combustion treatment: after the garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified, the residual combustible substances are combusted in the combustion bin 15;

e. cooling the flue gas: the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the three-section garbage incinerator 10 exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 9 to cool down, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid circulating system 8 exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 9;

f. flue gas purification: the cooled flue gases are discharged via a stack 53.

In the step a, preheating effect judgment: a temperature sensor of the drying chamber 11 detects the temperature in the cabin and transmits the temperature data to a vehicle-mounted control system, the control system judges according to a preset temperature, if the measured temperature exceeds the preset temperature, the gas delivery volume is kept, and if the measured temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the gas delivery volume is increased until the measured temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature;

the temperature of the drying chamber 11 in said step b is 250 ℃.

The preset temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 12 in the step c is 500 ℃.

In the step f, the cooled flue gas is subjected to deacidification by the deacidification device 18 and dedusting treatment by the deduster 5 and then is discharged through the chimney port 4 of the chimney 3.

According to the mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by the fuel cell and the disposal method thereof, the fuel cell is used as a power vehicle, so that compared with a fuel vehicle, the mobile garbage disposal vehicle is cleaner, and the secondary pollution emission of the vehicle is reduced; the hydrogen is introduced into the drying chamber and the combustion chamber, the temperature condition required by the reaction is quickly established before the garbage treatment, the time required by the normal work of the system can be shortened, and the combustion and purification efficiency is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural view of a conventional mobile garbage disposal vehicle.

In fig. 1: the system comprises a collecting hopper 1, a crusher 2, an oil storage tank 3, a bucket elevator 4, a first motor 5, an incinerator 6, a second motor 7, a compressor 8, a battery 9, a cable 10, a waste liquid collecting tank 11, a gas generator 12, an alkali liquor storage tank 13, a gas purifying tower 14, a gas transmission pipeline 15, a condensing tower 16, a cyclone dust collector 17, a transition cabin 18, a gas retort 19 and a skip feeding port 20. Fig. 2 is a structural view of a conventional mobile garbage incinerator.

In fig. 2: the device comprises a steel beam 1, an incineration chamber 2, a cyclone dust collecting chamber 3, an oil-gas mixing chamber 4, a tail gas treatment system (5), a drying bin (6), an air supply system 7, a slag discharging chamber 8, a steam generating pipe 9, an odor inlet 10, an exhaust pipe 11, a stirrer 12, a baffle plate 13, a hot air pipe 14, an odor return port 15, a lifting bucket 16, a hot air inlet 17, a waste water outlet 18, a water tank 19, a running system 20, a power system 21, a traction head 22, an exhaust fan 23, a primary cloth bag dust collecting chamber 24, a secondary cloth bag dust collecting chamber 25 and an air heat dissipation chamber 26.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by a fuel cell according to the present invention.

In fig. 3: 1-a cockpit, 2-a gas storage tank, 3-a chimney, 4-a chimney port, 5-a dust remover, 6-a flue gas quenching system, 7-a container, 8-a cooling liquid circulating system, 9-a vehicle body heat exchanger, 10-a three-section incinerator, 11-a drying chamber, 12-a pyrolysis chamber, 13-a garbage lifter, 14-a pulverizer, 15-a combustion chamber, 16-a placing plate, 17-a flue gas treatment system, 18-an acid removal device, 19-a fan and 20-a fuel cell.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for processing a mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by a fuel cell according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by the fuel cell of the invention is shown in figure 3 and comprises a garbage collection system, a combustion system, a flue gas quenching system 6 and a flue gas treatment system 17, wherein the garbage collection system comprises a pulverizer 14 and a garbage lifting device 13, the combustion system comprises a three-section garbage incinerator 10 and a fuel gas storage tank 2, and the three-section garbage incinerator 10 comprises a drying chamber 11, a pyrolysis bin 12 and a combustion bin 15; the flue gas quenching system 6 comprises a heat exchanger 9 and a cooling liquid circulating system 8; the flue gas treatment system 17 comprises an acid removal device 18, a dust remover 5, a fan 19 and a flue gas monitoring system.

In the operation process, domestic waste is at first smashed by rubbing crusher 10 after being collected, and the rubbish after smashing will be promoted to the 11 entrances of syllogic waste incinerator 10 drying chamber by rubbish elevating gear 13, before smashing rubbish and sending into, and gas holding vessel 2 sends hydrogen into drying chamber 11 and combustion chamber 15 through the pipeline earlier and is convenient for improve indoor initial temperature fast, raises the efficiency. The crushed garbage is dehydrated and dried at high temperature in the drying chamber 11, the dehydrated garbage enters the pyrolysis bin 12 under the action of gravity, most of the garbage in the pyrolysis bin 12 is difficult to catch fire due to oxygen deficiency along with the increase of the temperature, but can be thermally decomposed, and combustible tar and coke can be generated after pyrolysis; the garbage continuously falls to the combustion bin 15 under the action of gravity after pyrolysis, and the combustible residues are supplied with air and are combusted in the combustion bin 15, so that the combustion bin is ensured to have energy supply capacity for a long time, and the garbage in the combustion bin 15 can be extremely nonflammable when the combustion bin 15 initially runs, so that the fuel gas storage tank 2 can lead out part of hydrogen through the hydrogen conveying pipe and convey the hydrogen to the three-section type garbage incinerator 10, and the initial temperature required by garbage incineration and gasification can be quickly established at the initial stage of combustion; after the combustible materials in the combustion chamber 15 are completely combusted, the combustible materials are discharged out of the furnace periodically by manpower. The outlet of the three-section combustion furnace 10 is connected with the inlet of the flue gas quenching system 6, the high-temperature flue gas generated in the three-section combustion furnace 10 can exchange heat with the heat exchanger 9, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid circulating system 8 exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 9; the outlet of the flue gas quenching system 6 is connected with the inlet of a flue gas treatment system 17, the flue gas enters the flue gas treatment system 17 and then is subjected to deacidification treatment by a deacidification device 18, and the deacidification device 18 contains alkaline filler; the flue gas after deacidification treatment enters a bag-type dust collector 5 for fly ash removal treatment; finally, the smoke is monitored and detected by a smoke monitoring system to be qualified and then is directly discharged into the atmosphere; the gas storage tank 2 may supply gas to the fuel cell 20 of the cabin 1 to maintain normal operation of the vehicle when the vehicle is normally driven.

The vehicle processing method is shown in fig. 4, and comprises the following specific working steps:

(1) hydrogen is conveyed to the drying chamber 11 and the combustion chamber 15 through pipelines and is ignited, the ambient temperature is rapidly increased through hydrogen combustion, heat generated by combustion and flue gas carrying a large amount of heat move upwards, and preheating treatment is carried out on the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the drying chamber 11; the multipoint temperature sensor of the drying chamber 11 detects the temperature in the cabin and transmits the temperature data to the vehicle-mounted control system, the control system judges according to the preset temperature, if the measured temperature exceeds the preset temperature, the gas delivery volume is kept, and if the measured temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the gas delivery volume is increased until the measured temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature;

(2) the garbage disposal vehicle collects and crushes the household garbage;

(3) the crushed garbage is sent into a drying chamber and is dehydrated and dried at high temperature in the drying chamber, and the garbage can be rapidly dried and dehydrated in the drying chamber due to the high temperature in the drying chamber;

(4) the dewatered garbage enters a pyrolysis bin under the action of gravity to carry out pyrolysis reaction, the dewatered garbage enters the pyrolysis bin 12 from a drying bin under the action of gravity, the temperature of the garbage entering the pyrolysis bin is continuously increased after the garbage obtains heat because high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion bin continuously passes through the pyrolysis bin, and the garbage starts to enter thermal cracking when the temperature reaches over 500 ℃; in the process, the temperature sensor positioned in the pyrolysis cabin continuously measures the actual temperature in the pyrolysis cabin, if the actual temperature is higher than the preset temperature by 500 ℃, the existing working condition is kept, and if the actual temperature is lower than the preset temperature by 500 ℃, the gas delivery volume is increased until the actual temperature in the pyrolysis cabin is higher than 500 ℃.

(5) The residue after the garbage pyrolysis enters an incineration bin, and after the combustible in the incineration bin is completely combusted, the combustible is discharged out of the furnace periodically by manpower;

(6) high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion furnace enters the flue gas quenching system through a pipeline for further treatment, the outlet of the combustion furnace is connected with the inlet of the flue gas quenching system, the high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion furnace can exchange heat with the heat exchanger, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid circulating system and the heat exchanger exchange heat;

(7) the outlet of the flue gas quenching system is connected with the inlet of the flue gas treatment system, flue gas enters the flue gas treatment system and then is subjected to deacidification treatment by the deacidification device, the flue gas subjected to deacidification treatment enters the dust remover to be subjected to fly ash removal treatment, and a fly ash tank is arranged below the dust remover;

(8) the cooled flue gas is subjected to deacidification and dust removal treatment, is monitored by a flue gas online monitoring system to be qualified and reach the standard, and can be discharged.

While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an adopt fuel cell driven portable refuse treatment car which characterized in that: the device comprises a pulverizer (14), a three-section garbage incinerator (10), a flue gas quenching system (6) and a flue gas treatment system (17), wherein the pulverizer (14), the three-section garbage incinerator (10), the flue gas quenching system (6) and the flue gas treatment system (17) are installed on a placing plate (16) at the rear side of a cockpit (1), a drying chamber (11), a pyrolysis chamber (12) and a combustion chamber (15) are arranged in the three-section garbage incinerator (10) from top to bottom, the output end of the pulverizer (10) is connected with the inlet of the drying chamber (11) of the three-section garbage incinerator (10), the outlet of the three-section garbage incinerator (10) is connected with the inlet of the flue gas quenching system (6), and a heat exchanger (9) and a cooling liquid circulating system (8) are arranged in the flue gas quenching system (6; the outlet of the flue gas quenching system (6) is connected with a flue gas treatment system (17); the fuel gas storage tank (2) is connected with a fuel cell (20) through a fuel gas conveying pipe, and the fuel cell (20) is connected with the three-section type garbage incinerator (10) through the fuel gas conveying pipe.

2. The mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the flue gas treatment system (17) comprises an acid removal device (18), a dust remover (5), a chimney (3) and a fan (19), wherein an inlet of the acid removal device (51) is connected with an outlet of a flue gas quenching system (6), an outlet of the acid removal device (18) is connected with the dust remover (5), the dust remover (5) is connected with the chimney (3), and the pipeline between the dust remover (5) and the chimney (3) is provided with the fan (19).

3. The mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the output end of the pulverizer (14) is connected with a garbage lifting device (13), and the output end of the garbage lifting device (13) is connected with the three-section type garbage incinerator (10).

4. The mobile garbage disposal vehicle driven by a fuel cell according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the rear part of the cockpit (1) is provided with a container (7), and the pulverizer (1), the lifting device (2), the three-section type garbage incinerator (3), the flue gas cooling system (4) and the flue gas treatment system (17) are arranged in the container (7).

5. A mobile garbage disposal method driven by a fuel cell is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

a. preheating: the fuel gas of the fuel cell (20) is conveyed to a drying chamber (11) and a combustion bin (15) of the three-section type garbage incinerator (10) through pipelines, and the ambient temperature is increased through the combustion of the fuel gas;

b. drying and dehydrating: the crushed garbage enters a drying chamber (11) for drying and dehydration;

c. anaerobic pyrolysis: the dehydrated garbage enters a pyrolysis bin (12) from a drying chamber (11), the temperature of the garbage entering the pyrolysis bin is continuously increased after the garbage obtains heat because high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion bin (15) continuously passes through the pyrolysis bin, and the garbage starts to enter thermal cracking when the temperature reaches over 500 ℃; in the process, a temperature sensor positioned in the pyrolysis bin (12) continuously measures the actual temperature in the pyrolysis bin, if the actual temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the existing working condition is kept, and if the actual temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the gas delivery volume is increased until the actual temperature in the pyrolysis bin is higher than 500 ℃; when the temperature in the pyrolysis cabin meets the pyrolysis condition, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in the pyrolysis cabin;

d. garbage combustion treatment: after the garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified, the residual combustible substances are combusted in the combustion bin (15);

e. cooling the flue gas: the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the three-section garbage incinerator (10) exchanges heat with the heat exchanger (9) to cool, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid circulating system (8) exchanges heat with the heat exchanger (9);

f. flue gas purification: the cooled flue gases are discharged through a stack (53).

6. The mobile garbage disposal method using fuel cell power according to claim 5, wherein: in the step a, preheating effect judgment: the temperature sensor of drying chamber (11) detects the temperature in the storehouse to with temperature data transmission vehicle control system, control system judges according to presetting the temperature, if actual measurement temperature exceedes preset temperature, then keeps the gas delivery volume, if actual measurement temperature is less than preset temperature, then increases the gas delivery volume until actual measurement temperature more than or equal to preset temperature.

7. The mobile garbage disposal method using fuel cell power according to claim 5, wherein: the temperature of the drying chamber (11) in the step b is 250 ℃.

8. The mobile garbage disposal method using fuel cell power according to claim 5, wherein: the preset temperature of the pyrolysis bin (12) in the step c is 500 ℃.

9. The mobile garbage disposal method using fuel cell power according to claim 5, wherein: and in the step f, the cooled flue gas is subjected to deacidification by the deacidification device (18), subjected to dedusting treatment by the deduster (5) and then discharged through the chimney opening (4) of the chimney (3).