CN112031833B - Tunnel construction method using folding steel arch frame net as support - Google Patents
Tunnel construction method using folding steel arch frame net as support Download PDFInfo
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- CN112031833B CN112031833B CN202010958028.1A CN202010958028A CN112031833B CN 112031833 B CN112031833 B CN 112031833B CN 202010958028 A CN202010958028 A CN 202010958028A CN 112031833 B CN112031833 B CN 112031833B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 427
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 427
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 385
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 141
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 113
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 101150097977 arch-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004181 pedogenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction methods, and discloses a tunnel construction method using a folding steel arch frame net as a support. The main technical characteristics are as follows: the method comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off; advance support; excavating a circulating working face; and circularly excavating forwards until the excavation is finished. According to the soil property condition, the working face construction of the previous construction is completed firstly, an upper arch soil working face, a core soil working face and a lower arch soil working face are formed, the two sides of the core soil located at the forefront are close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, the two sides of the core soil are close to the lower half part, the core soil working face and the lower arch soil working face, all the working faces operate simultaneously, the construction progress is fast, in the construction process, the steel arch support and the anchoring are carried out every time the upper arch soil advances by 1 steel arch interval length, the stability is good, and the construction is safer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction methods, and particularly relates to a tunnel construction method using a folding steel arch frame net as a support.
Background
Loess tunnel construction is strictly organized according to the principles of 'first detection, pipe advance, non-blasting, strict water control, strong support and early lining', and special attention should be paid to the influence of surface gully and cave collapse on the tunnel, so that investigation and treatment should be strengthened. At present, during the construction of a full-section tunnel, firstly, upper arch soil and side arch soil above and at two sides of core soil are excavated, an upper center arch, side arches and an upper connecting arch of a steel arch frame are connected, then the upper center arch, the side arches and the upper connecting arch are supported in the tunnel and anchored by an anchoring mechanism, then inverted arch soil is excavated, an inverted arch is laid, and then a lower connecting arch of the inverted arch is connected with the upper connecting arch. The above method has the following disadvantages: firstly, because of the limitation of the excavation space, in the excavation process, excavation is carried out firstly and then supporting is carried out, the excavation and supporting efficiency is low, and the construction progress is slow; secondly, during the construction process, accidents such as collapse are easy to happen.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a tunnel construction method which has high construction efficiency, fast construction progress and safe construction process and uses a folding steel arch net as a support.
In order to solve the problems, the method for constructing the tunnel by using the foldable steel arch frame net as the support adopts the technical scheme that:
the folding steel arch net comprises a plurality of folding steel arches and transverse connecting rods among the folding steel arches, each folding steel arch comprises an upper arch and a lower arch, the upper arch comprises an upper center arch, two side arches respectively connected with two sides of the upper center arch and an upper connecting arch connected with the two side arches, an upper anchoring mechanism is arranged at the joint of the side arches and the upper connecting arch, a lower anchoring mechanism is arranged below the upper connecting arch, the lower arch comprises a lower center arch and a lower connecting arch connected with the lower center arch, and the lower connecting arch is connected with the upper connecting arch,
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches for supporting and measuring the setting-out according to geological conditions
Determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches of the support according to geological conditions, wherein the distance is the steel arch distance, measuring and setting out according to design construction requirements, and marking position lines of core soil, upper arch soil, upper connecting arch soil and inverted arch soil;
second, advance support
A pipe shed pipe and a small advanced guide pipe are driven into the arc top of the tunnel;
thirdly, digging a circulating working face
The first step is to excavate the arc-shaped upper arch soil and complete the support
The method comprises the following steps that 1, arc-shaped upper arch soil close to the upper half part and the upper part of two sides of core soil is excavated according to construction marking lines, the lower edge position of the upper arch soil on the two sides of the core soil is the same as the position of an upper anchoring mechanism, the length of a steel arch interval is excavated forward by 1, concrete is sprayed for the first time, a first group of folding steel arch frames are transported to the lower part of the excavated arc top, binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and side arches are opened, the folding steel arch frames are jacked up, the side arches droop, and the lower ends of the side arches are fixed through the upper anchoring mechanism;
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
the second step, continue to dig the arch soil forwards, and dig the upper connection arch soil at the two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
thirdly, continuously digging the soil on the two sides of the arch soil and the core soil forwards and digging the core soil away
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
the fourth step, the upper arch soil and the upper connection arch soil and the core soil which are close to the lower half part of the two sides of the core soil are continuously dug forwards
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
fourthly, circularly excavating forwards
The method comprises the following steps that firstly, arc-shaped upper arch soil close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil is continuously excavated, the length of the distance between every two steel arches is forwards excavated, concrete is sprayed for the first time, the next group of folding steel arches are transported to the lower part of the excavated arc top, binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches are opened, the folding steel arches are jacked up, the side arches droop, and the lower ends of the side arches are fixed through upper anchoring mechanisms;
secondly, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
thirdly, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper center arches and the side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the two adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of the upper connecting arch through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness;
fourthly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
fifthly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the inverted arch soil at intervals, placing inverted arch frames, opening binding ropes for binding a lower central arch and a lower connecting arch, fixedly connecting the upper connecting arch and the lower connecting arch, inserting connecting transverse connecting rods between the adjacent inverted arch frames, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent inverted arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
and step five, circulating the step four until the step four is finished.
For a soil layer with better texture, the following construction method can be adopted:
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches for supporting and measuring the setting-out according to geological conditions
Determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches of the support according to geological conditions, wherein the distance is the steel arch distance, carrying out measurement and setting-out according to design construction requirements, and marking the position lines of core soil, upper arch soil, upper connection arch soil and inverted arch soil;
second, advance support
A pipe shed pipe and a small advanced guide pipe are driven into the arc top of the tunnel;
thirdly, digging a circulating working face
The first step is to excavate the arc-shaped upper arch soil and complete the support
Excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil close to the upper half part and the upper part of the two sides of the core soil according to construction marking lines, wherein the lower edge positions of the upper arch soil positioned on the two sides of the core soil are the same as the positions of the upper anchoring mechanisms, forwards excavating the upper arch soil by a distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower parts of the excavated arc tops, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the lengths of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper center arch and side arches during supporting, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through the upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arches, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
the second step, continue to dig the arch soil forwards, and dig the upper connection arch soil at the two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating the distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arches at intervals according to the length of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arches, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through an upper anchoring mechanism; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
thirdly, continuously digging the soil on the two sides of the arch soil and the core soil forwards and digging the core soil away
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
the fourth step, the upper arch soil and the upper connection arch soil and the core soil which are close to the lower half part of the two sides of the core soil are continuously dug forwards
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
fourthly, circularly excavating forwards
Firstly, continuing to excavate arc-shaped uparch soil on two sides of core soil close to the upper half part and the upper part, excavating forwards by a distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arches at intervals of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
secondly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the inverted arch soil at intervals, placing inverted arch frames, opening binding ropes for binding a lower central arch and a lower connecting arch, fixedly connecting the upper connecting arch and the lower connecting arch, inserting connecting transverse connecting rods between the adjacent inverted arch frames, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent inverted arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
and step five, circulating the step four until the step four is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the method for tunnel construction by using the folding steel arch truss net as the support has the following advantages: according to geological conditions, determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches of the support, wherein the distance is the steel arch distance, carrying out measurement and setting-out according to design construction requirements, and marking position lines of core soil, upper arch soil, upper connection arch soil and inverted arch soil;
a pipe shed pipe and a small advanced guide pipe are driven into the arc top of the tunnel; excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil close to the upper half part and the upper part of the two sides of the core soil according to construction marking lines, excavating the lower edge positions of the upper arch soil at the two sides of the core soil to be the same as the position of an upper anchoring mechanism, forwards excavating the upper arch soil by the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a first group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through the upper anchoring mechanism; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking up the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper central arches and side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arches, and repeatedly spraying the concrete to the designed thickness; continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating the arc-shaped upper arch soil by the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting the next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening a binding rope bound between the upper center arch and the side arch, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arch to droop, and fixing the lower end of the side arch through an upper anchoring mechanism; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper central arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of the upper connecting arch through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness; continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating the arc-shaped upper arch soil by the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting the next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening a binding rope bound between the upper center arch and the side arch, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arch to droop, and fixing the lower end of the side arch through an upper anchoring mechanism; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper central arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of the upper connecting arch through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness; digging 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length; continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating the arc-shaped upper arch soil by the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting the next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening a binding rope bound between the upper center arch and the side arch, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arch to droop, and fixing the lower end of the side arch through an upper anchoring mechanism; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking up the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper central arches and side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arches, and repeatedly spraying the concrete to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of the upper connecting arch through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness; digging 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length; continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating the arc-shaped upper arch soil by the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting the next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening a binding rope bound between the upper center arch and the side arch, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arch to droop, and fixing the lower end of the side arch through an upper anchoring mechanism; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper central arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness; simultaneously, digging 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening binding ropes bound between the side arches and the upper connecting arches, enabling the upper connecting arches to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower ends of the upper connecting arches through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness; digging 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length; digging 3 steel arch distance lengths before the inverted arch soil, simultaneously placing inverted arch frames, opening binding ropes for binding a lower central arch and a lower connecting arch, fixedly connecting an upper connecting arch and a lower connecting arch, inserting and connecting transverse connecting rods between adjacent inverted arch frames, paving reinforcing mesh between the adjacent inverted arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness until the completion. According to the soil property condition, the working face construction of the previous construction is completed firstly, an upper arch soil working face, a core soil working face and a lower arch soil working face are formed, the two sides of the core soil located at the forefront are close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, the two sides of the core soil are close to the lower half part, the core soil working face and the lower arch soil working face, all the working faces operate simultaneously, the construction progress is fast, in the construction process, the steel arch support and the anchoring are carried out every time the upper arch soil advances by 1 steel arch interval length, the stability is good, and the construction is safer.
For a stratum with better soil property, the following steps can be adopted: determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches of the support according to geological conditions, wherein the distance is the steel arch distance, carrying out measurement and setting-out according to design construction requirements, and marking the position lines of core soil, upper arch soil, upper connection arch soil and inverted arch soil;
a pipe shed pipe and a small advanced guide pipe are driven into the arc top of the tunnel; excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil close to the upper half part and the upper part of the two sides of the core soil according to construction marking lines, wherein the lower edge positions of the upper arch soil positioned on the two sides of the core soil are the same as the positions of the upper anchoring mechanisms, forwards excavating the upper arch soil by a distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower parts of the excavated arc tops, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the lengths of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper center arch and side arches during supporting, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through the upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness; continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness; continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length; continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length; continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length; digging 3 steel arches in front of the inverted arch soil, placing inverted arch frames, opening binding ropes for binding a lower central arch and a lower connecting arch, fixedly connecting the upper connecting arch and the lower connecting arch, inserting and connecting transverse connecting rods between the adjacent inverted arch frames, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent inverted arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness; and the construction is completed, so that the construction speed is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a folding steel arch net;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of an upper arch net with transverse connecting rods;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a single steel arch;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a single upper arch during transportation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a single upper arch after opening of the binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a single upper arch after opening of binding ropes bound between the upper connecting arch and the side arches;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the endless work surface;
fig. 8 is a side view of fig. 7.
Detailed Description
The construction and the operation principle of the tunnel construction method using the folding steel arch net as the support according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the folding steel arch net of the present invention includes a plurality of folding steel arches 1 and transverse connecting rods 2 between the folding steel arches 1, each folding steel arch 1 includes an upper arch 3 and a lower arch 4, the upper arch 3 includes an upper center arch 31, two side arches 32 respectively connected to both sides of the upper center arch 31, and an upper connecting arch 33 connected to the two side arches 32, an upper anchoring mechanism 34 is provided at a connection of the side arch 32 and the upper connecting arch 33, a lower anchoring mechanism 35 is provided below the upper connecting arch 33, the lower arch 4 includes a lower center arch 41 and a lower connecting arch 42 connected to the lower center arch 41, and the lower connecting arch 42 is connected to the upper connecting arch 33.
As shown in fig. 4, in transportation of the upper arch 3, the upper connecting arch 33 is rotated around the upper connecting arch, the upper connecting arch 33 is attached to the inner side of the side arch 32 and bound by the binding string 5, and then the side arch 32 and the upper connecting arch 33 are rotated around the upper side of the side arch 32, the side arch and the upper connecting arch are attached to the inner side of the upper center arch 31, and the binding string 5' is used to bind the side arch and the upper connecting arch, thereby reducing the occupied space and facilitating transportation.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the circulating working surface includes core soil 6 at a central position, upper arch soil 7 is provided on both sides of the core soil 6 near the upper half and above the core soil 6, lower end surfaces of the upper arch soil 7 on both sides of the core soil 6 are just on the same horizontal plane as lower end surfaces of the side arches 32 after the upper arches 3 are unfolded, upper connecting arch soil 8 is provided below the upper arch soil on both sides of the core soil 6, and inverted arch soil 9 is provided below the upper connecting arch soil 8 and the core soil 6.
A method for constructing a tunnel by using a folding steel arch net as a support, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches for supporting and measuring the setting-out according to geological conditions
Determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches 1 of the support according to geological conditions, wherein the distance is the steel arch distance, carrying out measurement and setting-out according to design construction requirements, and marking position lines of core soil 6, upper arch soil 7, upper connecting arch soil 8 and inverted arch soil 9; generally, the distance between 1 steel arch is 1 meter, and the length of the distance between 1 steel arch can be smaller than 1 meter or larger than 1 meter according to different geological conditions;
second, advance support
A pipe shed pipe and a small advanced guide pipe are driven into the arc top of the tunnel;
thirdly, digging a circulating working face
The first step is to excavate the arc-shaped upper arch soil and complete the support
the second step, continue to dig the arch soil forwards, and dig the upper connection arch soil at the two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
thirdly, continuously digging the soil on the two sides of the arch soil and the core soil forwards and digging the core soil away
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
the fourth step, the upper arch soil 7, the upper connecting arch soil 8 and the core soil 6 which are close to the lower half part of the two sides of the core soil 6 are continuously dug forwards
fourthly, circularly excavating forwards
Firstly, continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soils 7, close to the upper half part and the upper part, on two sides of core soil 6, excavating forwards to the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc crown, opening binding ropes 5' bound between an upper center arch 31 and side arches 32, jacking up the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches 32 to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches 32 through upper anchoring mechanisms 34;
secondly, continuously digging 1 steel arch interval length of upper arch soil forwards, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arches to the positions below the excavated arc tops, opening binding ropes 5' bound between the upper central arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches 32 to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches 32 through upper anchoring mechanisms 34;
thirdly, continuously excavating upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arches to the position below the excavated arc roof, opening binding ropes 5' bound between the upper central arch 31 and the side arches 32, jacking the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches 32 to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches 32 through upper anchoring mechanisms 34, connecting transverse connecting rods 2 to the two adjacent upper central arches 31 and the side arches 32, paving reinforcing mesh between the two adjacent steel arches, and secondarily spraying the concrete to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of an upper connecting arch 33 through a lower anchoring mechanism 35, connecting a transverse connecting rod 2 to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness;
fourthly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
fifthly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the inverted arch soil at intervals, placing inverted arch frames, opening binding ropes for binding a lower central arch and a lower connecting arch, fixedly connecting an upper connecting arch 33 and a lower connecting arch 42, inserting and connecting transverse connecting rods between the adjacent inverted arch frames, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent inverted arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
and step five, circulating the step four until the step four is finished.
For a better soil formation, the following steps may be taken:
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches for supporting and measuring the setting-out according to geological conditions
Determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches 1 of the support according to geological conditions, wherein the distance is the steel arch distance, carrying out measurement and setting-out according to design construction requirements, and marking position lines of core soil 6, upper arch soil 7, upper connecting arch soil 8 and inverted arch soil 9;
second, advance support
A pipe shed pipe and a small advanced guide pipe are driven into the arc top of the tunnel;
thirdly, digging a circulating working face
The first step is to excavate the arc-shaped upper arch soil and complete the support
Excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil close to the upper half part and the upper part of the two sides of the core soil according to construction marking lines, wherein the lower edge positions of the upper arch soil positioned on the two sides of the core soil are the same as the positions of the upper anchoring mechanisms, forwards excavating the upper arch soil by a distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower parts of the excavated arc tops, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the lengths of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper center arch and side arches during supporting, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through the upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
the second step, continue to dig the arch soil forwards, and dig the upper connection arch soil at the two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
thirdly, continuously digging the soil on the two sides of the arch soil and the core soil forwards and digging the core soil away
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
the fourth step, the upper arch soil and the upper connection arch soil and the core soil which are close to the lower half part of the two sides of the core soil are continuously dug forwards
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
fourthly, circularly excavating forwards
Firstly, continuing to excavate arc-shaped uparch soil on two sides of core soil close to the upper half part and the upper part, excavating forwards by a distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arches at intervals of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
secondly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the inverted arch soil at intervals, placing inverted arch frames, opening binding ropes for binding a lower central arch and a lower connecting arch, fixedly connecting the upper connecting arch and the lower connecting arch, inserting connecting transverse connecting rods between the adjacent inverted arch frames, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent inverted arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
and step five, circulating the step four until the step four is finished.
Thus, the excavation speed is faster.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is within the scope of the present invention if the structure is the same as or similar to the method of the present invention for tunnel construction using a folding steel arch net as a support.
Claims (2)
1. A method for tunnel construction using a foldable steel arch net as a support, the foldable steel arch net comprising a plurality of foldable steel arches and transverse connecting rods between the foldable steel arches, each of the foldable steel arches comprising an upper arch and a lower arch, the upper arch comprising an upper center arch, two side arches respectively connected to both sides of the upper center arch and an upper connecting arch connected to the two side arches, an upper anchoring mechanism being provided at a junction of the side arch and the upper connecting arch, a lower anchoring mechanism being provided below the upper connecting arch, the lower arch comprising a lower center arch and a lower connecting arch connected to the lower center arch, the lower connecting arch being connected to the upper connecting arch, the method being characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches for supporting and measuring the setting-out according to geological conditions
Determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches of the support according to geological conditions, wherein the distance is the steel arch distance, carrying out measurement and setting-out according to design construction requirements, and marking the position lines of core soil, upper arch soil, upper connection arch soil and inverted arch soil;
second, advance support
A pipe shed pipe and a small advanced guide pipe are driven into the arc top of the tunnel;
thirdly, digging a circulating working face
The first step is to excavate the arc-shaped upper arch soil and complete the support
The method comprises the following steps that 1, arc-shaped upper arch soil close to the upper half part and the upper part of two sides of core soil is excavated according to construction marking lines, the lower edge position of the upper arch soil on the two sides of the core soil is the same as the position of an upper anchoring mechanism, the length of a steel arch interval is excavated forward by 1, concrete is sprayed for the first time, a first group of folding steel arch frames are transported to the lower part of the excavated arc top, binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and side arches are opened, the folding steel arch frames are jacked up, the side arches droop, and the lower ends of the side arches are fixed through the upper anchoring mechanism;
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
step 3, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper center arches and the side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness;
the second step, continue to dig the arch soil forwards, and dig the upper connection arch soil at the two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part
Step 1, continuing to excavate arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the upper half part and the upper part, excavating forwards to the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening a binding rope bound between the upper center arch and the side arch, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arch to droop, and fixing the lower end of the side arch through an upper anchoring mechanism;
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
step 3, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper center arches and the side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of the upper connecting arch through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness;
the third step, continue to dig the soil on the two sides of the arch soil and the core soil forwards, and dig the core soil away
Step 1, continuing to excavate arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the upper half part and the upper part, excavating forwards to the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening a binding rope bound between the upper center arch and the side arch, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arch to droop, and fixing the lower end of the side arch through an upper anchoring mechanism;
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
step 3, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting the next group of folding steel arches to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arches, and repeatedly spraying the concrete to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of the upper connecting arch through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness;
step 4, digging 3 steel arches in front of the core soil by the distance of the interval length;
the fourth step, the upper arch soil and the upper connection arch soil and the core soil which are close to the lower half part of the two sides of the core soil are continuously dug forwards
Step 1, continuing to excavate arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the upper half part and the upper part, excavating forwards by the length of 1 steel arch interval, spraying concrete for the first time, transporting the next group of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
2, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
step 3, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper center arches and the side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of the upper connecting arch through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness;
step 4, digging 3 steel arches in front of the core soil by the distance of the interval length;
fourthly, circularly excavating forwards
Firstly, continuing to excavate arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of core soil close to the upper half part and the upper part, excavating forwards to the length of 1 steel arch interval, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, opening a binding rope bound between the upper center arch and a side arch, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arch to droop, and fixing the lower end of the side arch through an upper anchoring mechanism;
secondly, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms;
thirdly, continuously digging upper arch soil with the distance of 1 steel arch forward, primarily spraying concrete, transporting a next group of folding steel arch frames to the position below the excavated arc top, opening binding ropes bound between the upper center arch and the side arches, jacking the folding steel arch frames, enabling the side arches to droop, fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms, connecting transverse connecting rods to the two adjacent upper center arches and the side arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the two adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness; simultaneously, excavating 3 steel arches in front of upper connecting arch soil on two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part at intervals, opening a binding rope bound between a side arch and the upper connecting arch, allowing the upper connecting arch to droop under the action of gravity, fixing the lower end of the upper connecting arch through a lower anchoring mechanism, connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper connecting arches, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent upper connecting arches, and spraying concrete again to reach the designed thickness;
fourthly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
fifthly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the inverted arch soil at intervals, placing inverted arch frames, opening binding ropes for binding a lower central arch and a lower connecting arch, fixedly connecting the upper connecting arch and the lower connecting arch, inserting connecting transverse connecting rods between the adjacent inverted arch frames, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent inverted arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
and step five, circulating the step four until the step four is finished.
2. A method for tunnel construction using a foldable steel arch net as a support, the foldable steel arch net comprising a plurality of foldable steel arches and transverse connecting rods between the foldable steel arches, each of the foldable steel arches comprising an upper arch and a lower arch, the upper arch comprising an upper center arch, two side arches respectively connected to both sides of the upper center arch and an upper connecting arch connected to the two side arches, an upper anchoring mechanism being provided at a junction of the side arch and the upper connecting arch, a lower anchoring mechanism being provided below the upper connecting arch, the lower arch comprising a lower center arch and a lower connecting arch connected to the lower center arch, the lower connecting arch being connected to the upper connecting arch, the method being characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches for supporting and measuring the setting-out according to geological conditions
Determining the distance between two adjacent steel arches of the support according to geological conditions, wherein the distance is the steel arch distance, carrying out measurement and setting-out according to design construction requirements, and marking the position lines of core soil, upper arch soil, upper connection arch soil and inverted arch soil;
second, advance support
A pipe shed pipe and a small advanced guide pipe are driven into the arc top of the tunnel;
thirdly, digging a circulating working face
The first step is to excavate the arc-shaped upper arch soil and complete the support
Excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil close to the upper half part and the upper part of the two sides of the core soil according to construction marking lines, wherein the lower edge positions of the upper arch soil positioned on the two sides of the core soil are the same as the positions of the upper anchoring mechanisms, forwards excavating the upper arch soil by a distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower parts of the excavated arc tops, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the lengths of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper center arch and side arches during supporting, jacking the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through the upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
the second step, continue to dig the arch soil forwards, and dig the upper connection arch soil at the two sides of the core soil close to the lower half part
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating the distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arches at intervals according to the length of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arches, enabling the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through an upper anchoring mechanism; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
thirdly, continuously digging the soil on the two sides of the arch soil and the core soil forwards and digging the core soil away
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
the fourth step, the upper arch soil and the upper connection arch soil and the core soil which are close to the lower half part of the two sides of the core soil are continuously dug forwards
Continuously excavating arc-shaped upper arch soil on two sides of the core soil, wherein the arc-shaped upper arch soil is close to the upper half part and the upper part of the core soil, forwards excavating 3 steel arch interval lengths, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arch frames to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arch frames at intervals according to the 1 steel arch interval length, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arch frames, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
fourthly, circularly excavating forwards
Firstly, continuing to excavate arc-shaped uparch soil on two sides of core soil close to the upper half part and the upper part, excavating forwards by a distance of 3 steel arch intervals, primarily spraying concrete, transporting three groups of folding steel arches to the lower part of the excavated arc top, supporting each group of folding steel arches at intervals of 1 steel arch interval, opening binding ropes bound between an upper central arch and side arches during supporting, jacking up the folding steel arches, allowing the side arches to droop, and fixing the lower ends of the side arches through upper anchoring mechanisms; connecting transverse connecting rods to two adjacent upper center arches and side arches, laying a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent steel arch frames, spraying concrete again to a designed thickness, and excavating 3 steel arches in front of the core soil at a distance of the interval length;
secondly, digging 3 steel arches in front of the inverted arch soil at intervals, placing inverted arch frames, opening binding ropes for binding a lower central arch and a lower connecting arch, fixedly connecting the upper connecting arch and the lower connecting arch, inserting connecting transverse connecting rods between the adjacent inverted arch frames, paving a reinforcing mesh between the adjacent inverted arch frames, and spraying concrete again to the designed thickness;
and step five, circulating the step four until the step four is finished.
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| IT202100028355A1 (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-02 | Officine Maccaferri Italia S R L | Improved rib for supporting and consolidating an excavation, and method of installing such a rib within an excavation |
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| CN108119165B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-08-27 | 山东大学 | Underground engineering normalized assembled confined concrete arch Intelligent Installation method |
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