CN112028708A - Compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, preparation method thereof, diversity fertilization method and method for removing continuous cropping obstacles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a diversity compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, a preparation method thereof, a diversity fertilizing method and a method for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil. The diversity compound fertilizer comprises the following components: artemisia and fresh root, corn and fresh root, wheat and fresh root, tree root, chrysanthemum and fresh root, according to 1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3: 1-3. The diversity fertilization technology is a novel fertilization technology developed according to the ecological basic principle and the biological diversity principle, is an extension of a crop rotation production mode, namely, on the basis of an organic fertilizer, residual stubble roots of various crops are added, abundant nutrition and a proper living environment are provided for soil microorganisms, and the diversity of the soil microorganisms is increased. The microbial diversity is a basic condition for mineralizing and absorbing soil nutrients and balancing soil microorganisms; the diversified fertilization technology is based on enriching the nutrition diversity of organic fertilizers, namely increasing the root systems of various crops and increasing various trace elements.

Description

Compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, preparation method thereof, diversity fertilization method and method for removing continuous cropping obstacles

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of vegetable planting, in particular relates to a compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, and also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer; meanwhile, a diversity fertilization method for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil is also provided; also provides a method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil.

Background

The cucumber is a main cultivation type in facility vegetable production, is influenced by planting habits and regional industry requirements, and is a common phenomenon in continuous cropping of the cucumber for obtaining greater economic benefits in a short period. But continuous cropping may present a hazard:

1. disease and pest aggravation

After facility continuous cropping, due to the soil physicochemical property and the change of illumination, temperature, humidity and gas, the growth of some beneficial microorganisms (ammonium bacteria, nitrobacteria and the like) is inhibited, some harmful microorganisms are rapidly propagated, and the natural balance of soil microorganisms is destroyed, so that the method not only causes the obstacle of the decomposition process of the diversified compound fertilizer, but also causes more plant diseases and insect pests, quickly spreads and aggravates year by year, and particularly has no overwintering phenomenon basically for some common powdery mildew, leaf mold, gray mold, downy mildew, root rot, blight and whitefly, aphid, leaf miner and the like, so that a producer can only control the fertilizer by increasing the dosage and frequently using the pesticide, and the serious pollution to the environment and agricultural products is caused.

2. Secondary salinization and acidification of soil

The application amount of the facility cultivation is large, and the water balance under the natural state is changed by covering the soil all year round or almost all year round, so that the soil can not be drenched and watered fully by rainwater for a long time. And the temperature is higher, the evaporation capacity of soil moisture is large, the diversified compound fertilizers and other salts in the lower-layer soil rise along soil capillaries along with the evaporation of deep-layer soil moisture, and finally a thin layer of white salts is formed on the surface of the soil, namely the phenomenon of secondary salinization of the soil. According to the determination of related departments, the salt concentration of open soil is generally about 3000mg/kg, while the salt concentration in the greenhouse can reach 7000-8000mg/kg, and some can even reach 20000 mg/kg. Meanwhile, due to the excessive application of the chemical diversity compound fertilizer, the buffering capacity and the ion balance capacity of the soil are damaged, so that the pH value of the soil is reduced, namely the soil acidification phenomenon is caused. The concentration of the soil solution is increased, so that the infiltration potential of the soil is increased, and the germination of crop seeds and the water and fertilizer absorption of root systems cannot be normally carried out.

3. Autotoxicity of plants

The plant growth inhibitor has the growth inhibiting effect in seeds, the soil ecological environment has great influence on the plant growth under the continuous cropping condition, especially, the metabolite of plant residues and pathogens has the poisoning effect on plants, and the metabolite and the autotoxic substances secreted by the plant root system influence the plant metabolism, and finally the autotoxic effect is caused.

4. Breakdown of element balance

Due to the selectivity of the vegetables on the absorption of soil nutrients, the balance state of mineral elements in the soil is easily damaged by a single crop, the antagonism among the nutrient elements often influences the absorption of the vegetables on certain elements, the nutrient deficiency symptom is easy to appear, and finally, the growth is hindered, and the yield and the quality are reduced.

The problem of continuous cropping obstacles of vegetables is solved, and effective wonderful prescription and wonderful medicine are lacked in production, and different countermeasures are taken according to different conditions in production. Therefore, coordinating the relationships of plants, soil, microorganisms and their environment is a key to solving the problem. The following methods are commonly used at present:

1. optimize the cultivation structure and reasonably rotate the crop

The rotation can destroy the growth and reproduction environment of host-specific pathogenic bacteria, thereby reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria. The rotation can also adjust the soil fertility, improve the fertilizer efficiency and improve the pear flower performance of the soil, so the best prevention and control measures are taken during rotation among different crops. The rotation should select the vegetables with different plant heights, different root depths, different absorbed soil nutrients, different pest and disease infections and different vegetable acidity and alkalinity requirements as the variety of the stubble. The crop rotation with vegetable varieties is not limited, but also includes crop rotation with grain crops such as rice, corn and bean crops, and aquatic crops such as lotus root and water chestnut.

2. Selecting improved variety and grafting technology

The variety with disease resistance, high quality and high yield is selected, the adaptability and disease resistance of the vegetables can be improved, and meanwhile, the soil-borne diseases can be prevented by grafting and root changing. At present, the grafting of watermelon, cucumber and eggplant has played an increasingly important role in production.

3. Soil testing formula fertilization, reasonable fertilizer application and organic fertilizer addition

The nitrogen fertilizer dosage is too high, the soil soluble salt and nitrate are obviously increased, the pest harm is aggravated, and the quality is deteriorated, so that the soil structure can be effectively improved by additionally applying the organic fertilizer, the functions of fertilizer retention, water retention, fertilizer supply, ventilation and temperature adjustment are enhanced, the contents of soil organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are increased, the soil fertility efficiency and the soil fertilizer storage performance are improved, the acid-base buffering capacity of the soil is enhanced, and the effectiveness of insoluble phosphate and trace elements is improved. According to the fertilizer requirement rule of various vegetable crops and the fertilizer supply capacity of soil, the variety and the quantity of the various compound fertilizers are determined, and the continuous cropping obstacles can be reduced to a certain extent. In production, chemical fertilizers are actively popularized and deeply applied, vegetable leaf fertilizers are frequently applied, and special fertilizers for vegetables are applied in a targeted manner. Strictly controlling the using amount and variety of the fertilizer, and applying a potassium sulfate type diversified compound fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer; but not potassium chloride type diversified compound fertilizer; the nitrogen fertilizer needs beryllium nitrogen, and the application of nitrate nitrogen is strictly forbidden. Advocate the application of extra-root top dressing or slow-release multiple compound fertilizer, avoid the defect of rapid rise of concentration of quick-acting fertilizer in a short period, and play a great role in preventing and controlling soil salinization.

4 biological control and organic biological bacterial manure method

The biological control method is to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria and the infection of root systems by utilizing the parasitism of some beneficial bacteria to specific pathogenic bacteria in soil or generating harmful substances or competing the ways of nutrition, space and the like, thereby reducing and lightening the occurrence of diseases. At present, few biological agents for preventing and treating soil continuous cropping obstacles exist in the market, and the biological agents mainly comprise a continuous cropping agent, NEB (Enyibi), EM (effective microorganisms) and the like. The preparation can promote the mass propagation of beneficial microbial community of crop root system, resist the growth of harmful bacteria, reduce the accumulation of bacteria, regulate the unbalance of nutrition and acid-base imbalance, improve the activity of root system, enhance the resistance and increase the yield.

5 soil disinfection and sterilization

One of the main manifestations of the vegetable continuous cropping obstacle is the harm of soil-borne diseases, so that the harm caused by the soil continuous cropping obstacle can be eliminated or reduced to a certain extent by carrying out soil disinfection and sterilization. At present, soil disinfection and sterilization comprises chemical agent disinfection and sterilization, and physical methods such as solar energy (high-temperature closed shed) or steam fumigation are adopted to increase the temperature of soil, so that the disinfection and sterilization effects are achieved. The chemical agents mainly comprise a first Loranthus agent, a second Loranthus agent, a fenaminosulf, a fifth generation mixture, carbendazim and the like.

6 adopting soilless culture technology

Soilless culture does not use soil, and can avoid a plurality of disadvantages caused by the soilless culture, including continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases in facility vegetable culture. Soilless culture currently exceeds 800hm of culture area in China²And the method forms a setting form suitable for different areas and different economic conditions, and mainly comprises matrix drip irrigation cultivation, nutrient solution cultivation, deep liquid flow cultivation and the like. The substrate cultivation is developing towards a low-cost, easily-managed and environment-friendly composite organic substrate. At present, a plurality of research institutes research the manufacturing technology and the cultivation effect of the wheat, corn and rape straw substrate. The test result shows that: the wheat straws and the chicken manure are mixed according to the proportion of 1:2 to achieve the best effect, the corn straws and the chicken manure are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1.5 to achieve the best effect, compared with a grass carbon and vermiculite (3:1) mixed matrix, the flowering and harvesting periods of cucumbers, tomatoes and hot peppers cultivated by using the straw matrix are advanced, the yield and the quality are obviously improved, the cost is saved, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.

The continuous cropping obstacle of the cultivated vegetables is the result of the comprehensive action of multiple factors, and the inhibition degrees caused by various factors are different at different periods and under different soil conditions. The rotation is the best method for preventing continuous cropping obstacles, can effectively improve the physicochemical property and the micro-ecosystem of the soil and adjust the soil fertility. The economic income of farmers is affected, and the cultivation technology and market demand of the farmers are limited, so that the method is difficult to implement. The method of soil disinfection, biological bacterial manure application, chemical agent pest control and the like is widely used in the production, and because the physicochemical property of the soil is not changed fundamentally, secondary metabolites generated by plants still exist in the soil, the number of viable beneficial bacteria in the biological bacterial manure is low, and the effect is not obvious. The use of pesticide fungicides may also cause resistance to pathogens, resulting in "no cure with drugs". Moreover, a large amount of chemical pesticides are used, so that pesticide residues in vegetables seriously exceed the standard, and the health of people is seriously harmed. The disease-resistant variety, the grafting technology and the soilless culture technology can effectively improve the self resistance of the plants, reduce the occurrence of diseases and ensure the yield and quality of the vegetable production. But the disease-resistant varieties in the market have less selectivity and more imported varieties, so that the production cost of farmers is increased, and the research and development of new varieties has long input period, so that the variety resistance is difficult to improve in a short period. The grafting technology can improve the resistance to soil-borne diseases, particularly cucumber fusarium wilt, and black-seed pumpkins are selected as stocks, so that the black-seed pumpkins have strong resistance to the fusarium wilt and also have strong resistance to root-knot nematodes. The grafting technology is mature at present, the production is promoted, the vegetable planting company for scale production is widely used and is unacceptable to ordinary farmers, the grafting technology needs professional training, the grafting needs high labor cost, the grafted seedlings have no obvious effect on leaf diseases although the resistance to soil-borne diseases is improved, and the grafted seedlings are easy to wither acutely. Soilless culture is more limited by various factors such as fields, technologies, cost and the like, and is not suitable for wide popularization and application.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a diversified compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, which comprises the following components: artemisia and fresh root, corn and fresh root, wheat and fresh root, tree root, chrysanthemum and fresh root, according to 1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3: 1-3.

Preferably, the combination of the wormwood and the fresh root, the corn and the fresh root, the wheat and the fresh root, the tree root, the chrysanthemum and the fresh root is 1-2:1-2:1-2: 1-2.

Preferably, in any scheme, the artemisia and the fresh root, the corn and the fresh root, the wheat and the fresh root, the tree root, the chrysanthemum and the fresh root are compounded according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1.

In any of the above schemes, the dosage of the diversity compound fertilizer is preferably 300 jin/mu.

In any of the above schemes, the dosage of the diversity compound fertilizer is preferably 400 jin per mu.

Preferably, in any scheme, the dosage of the diversity compound fertilizer is 500 jin per mu.

Preferably, in any scheme, the diversity compound fertilizer further comprises trace elements of zinc, boron and magnesium, and 2-5 jin are added in each mu.

Preferably, in any scheme, the diversity compound fertilizer further comprises trace elements of zinc, boron and magnesium, and 2-4 jin are added in each mu.

Preferably, in any scheme, the diversified compound fertilizer further comprises trace elements of zinc, boron and magnesium, and 3 jin of the trace elements are added in each mu.

Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the root is selected from one or more of birch, poplar, pine tree and the like.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the diversity compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, which comprises the following steps: collecting 100 jin of each of the wormwood and the fresh root, the corn and the fresh root, the wheat and the fresh root, the tree root, the chrysanthemum and the fresh root, airing for 3-5 days, adding 3 jin of each of zinc sulfate, boric acid and magnesium sulfate, and uniformly mixing the mixture to obtain the amount of the fertilizer for one mu. And after ridging, furrow application and soil covering are carried out.

In a third aspect, the invention also provides a diversity fertilization method for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, which comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer and base fertilizer; also comprises applying the diversity compound fertilizer of the first aspect.

Preferably, the steps are as follows:

firstly, deep ploughing base fertilizer, harrowing, ridging and making beds during soil preparation, and applying base fertilizer in the furrow surface;

then, applying the diversity compound fertilizer of the first aspect;

in any of the above schemes, preferably, when the diversified compound fertilizers described in the first aspect are applied, furrow application is performed on the furrow surface, the diversified compound fertilizers are simultaneously applied when the base fertilizers are applied, and soil is covered on the diversified compound fertilizers.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for removing continuous cropping obstacles in cucumber soil, which comprises the following steps:

preparation before seedling

1. Deeply ploughing base fertilizer, preparing land, making bed and applying base fertilizer;

2. and (3) diversity fertilization: applying the diverse compound fertilizer according to the first aspect according to the fertilization method of the third aspect;

(II) cultivating strong seedlings with proper age

And (III) permanent planting and management after permanent planting.

Preferably, the base fertilizer and the base fertilizer: applying decomposed farmyard manure of 3-5 tons/mu or organic fertilizer of 400 kilograms/mu, deeply ploughing base fertilizer during land preparation, adding compound fertilizer of 30-50 kilograms/mu or diammonium phosphate of 25 kilograms/mu, and performing furrow application after ridging as base fertilizer. And (3) applying 15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate in the growing period, and uniformly distributing the diversified compound fertilizer in the soil by layered fertilization in different times, so that the cucumber can be conveniently absorbed and utilized.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the land preparation operation is: the land is finished to form high ridges and deep furrows, the width of each furrow is about 1.m to 2.0 m (continuous furrows), the height of each furrow is more than 25 cm, the double-row planting is carried out, and the distance between every two plants is more than 25 cm. Laying two drip irrigation tapes and covering a film. High-temperature shed closing is carried out during facility cultivation, base fertilizer deep ploughing is carried out in autumn during open field cultivation, and water is poured in winter.

Preferably, in any scheme, the sowing and seedling raising comprises the following steps: soaking seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for 10 minutes, continuously stirring during seed soaking to ensure that the seeds are uniformly heated, soaking for 4 hours when the water temperature reaches 30 ℃, fishing out for cooling, wrapping with wet cloth, and putting into an environment at 30 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the air for sowing.

In any of the above embodiments, the bed management is preferably: the temperature of the seedbed is kept between 30 and 34 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night before emergence of seedlings. When 1/3 seeds come out of the soil, the mulching film is removed in the morning. Ventilating to harden the seedlings after the seedlings are discharged completely, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-14 ℃ at night. And (3) strengthening management and preventing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage.

Preferably, any one of the above schemes is to perform permanent planting: the seedlings can be planted after growing to 3-4 leaves, generally in the evening of a sunny day, the roots of the cucumbers are protected, moisture is sprayed before the seedlings are lifted, and the seedlings are planted with soil in sequence so as to avoid damaging the roots.

Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the management after permanent planting: managing according to a conventional cultivation method after field planting, and generally inserting bamboo and building frames to guide vines when the cucumbers curl the vines. After the tendrils appear, the tendrils are introduced once every 3 to 4 days to make the distribution of the plants even. Powdery mildew, downy mildew and scab can be prevented and treated in time; plant diseases and insect pests such as aphids, whitefly, liriomyza sativae and the like. The prevention is mainly carried out by spraying protective bactericide before cloudy days.

The main cause of the soil continuous cropping obstacle can be the imbalance of the rhizosphere microecosystem, and the interaction between the soil and the plant root system is the material circulation between the soil circle and the biosphere. Their interaction may be embodied in physical, chemical, and other specific forms. Due to the interaction between soil and plant root system, a specific micro-ecological environment of root-soil interface is formed, which directly determines the various processes of shape, quantity, migration, transformation and the like of the substances absorbed by the plants from the soil. Meanwhile, the action of the plant root system on the soil can keep or change the physical structure, chemical components and the like of the soil, and has important functions of optimizing and improving the soil and keeping the natural and normal environment of the earth soil circle.

The diversity fertilization technology is a novel fertilization technology developed according to the ecological basic principle and the biological diversity principle, is an extension of a crop rotation production mode, and is characterized in that stubble roots of various crops are added into an organic fertilizer. The mechanism is that the diversified fertilization technology increases various root system residues and root system secretions, and provides rich nutrition and a proper living environment for soil microorganisms. The microbial diversity is the basic condition for mineralizing and absorbing soil nutrients and balancing soil microorganisms. Secondly, according to the ecological diversity principle and the characteristics of interaction (promotion or inhibition) among different crops, the nutrition absorption characteristics and root secretion characteristics of the continuous cropping crops are researched, so that the fertilizing root system corresponding to the diversity fertilization is determined. The diversified fertilization technology is based on enriching the nutrition diversity of organic fertilizer, namely increasing the root systems of various crops and increasing various trace elements.

Detailed Description

In order that the present invention may be more accurately and clearly understood, the following description and the accompanying drawings are further provided for illustrating and explaining the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the proportions referred to in this application are mass ratios.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for solving continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, and relates to a diversity compound fertilizer for removing the continuous cropping obstacles of the cucumber soil, a preparation method and a fertilizing method thereof.

Regulation and control research on continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber plants

Facilities: greenhouse cucumber cultivation

Time: autumn-delayed afterturn crop test of 7-11 months and 2018-2019 in two consecutive years

Cucumber varieties: the plant of the variety Bote 207 has moderate and strong growth vigor, thick and strong stem, small leaf, dark green leaf color, short and stable internode, melon with joints, a female line, long melon strips of about 33 cm, thick and short handles, dense spines, slightly large tumors, good commodity of the melon strips, strong capability of continuously carrying the melon, fast carrying the melon without bending, melting and dropping, high early and overall yield, and strong capability of resisting downy mildew, powdery mildew and blight. 7690 kg per mu yield in the 1 st growth period; 7526 kg per mu yield for growth cycle 2.

Experimental treatment: the method comprises the steps of selecting continuous four-stubble cucumber continuous cropping land in an experimental plot, applying fertilizer and covering a shed, carrying out conventional treatment, selecting 15 ridges, applying a diversity compound fertilizer, making a protective row by spacing one ridge of leaf vegetables, and carrying out blank control on 15 ridges to obtain about half mu of land. Comparing the growth vigor, disease condition and yield of plants. The method for solving the continuous cropping obstacle of the cucumber soil comprises the following specific steps:

preparation before seedling

1. Base fertilizer and base fertilizer: and (3) selectively applying decomposed farmyard manure for the base fertilizer, deeply ploughing the base fertilizer during land preparation, adding 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and performing furrow application after ridging. And (3) applying 15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate in the growth period, and carrying out drip irrigation along with water.

2. Applying a diversity compound fertilizer: artemisia annua and fresh root, corn and fresh root, wheat and fresh root, birch root, chrysanthemum and fresh root are compounded according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, 500 jin per mu is added, and microelements zinc, boron and magnesium are added, 3 jin per mu. Furrow application is carried out on the ridge surface, and soil is covered on the ridge surface.

The preparation method of the diversity compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: collecting Artemisia annua and fresh root, semen Maydis and fresh root, semen Tritici Aestivi and fresh root, birch root, flos Chrysanthemi and fresh root 25 jin respectively, air drying for 3-5 days, adding zinc sulfate, boric acid and magnesium sulfate 0.75 jin respectively, and mixing well. And after ridging, furrow application and soil covering are carried out.

3. Land preparation: the land is finished, the land is high, the ridge is deep, the width of the common ridge is 1.5 meters (continuous ditch), the height of each ridge is more than 25 centimeters, the double-row planting is carried out, and the planting distance is 25 centimeters. Laying two drip irrigation tapes and covering a film. High-temperature closured shed before land preparation.

(II) cultivating strong seedlings with proper age

1. Sowing and seedling raising: soaking seeds in 29 days in 7 months, and sowing seeds in 30 days in 7 months. Soaking seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for 10 minutes, continuously stirring during seed soaking to ensure that the seeds are uniformly heated, soaking for 4 hours when the water temperature reaches 30 ℃, fishing out for cooling, wrapping with wet cloth, and putting into an environment at 30 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the air for sowing.

2. Seedbed management: the temperature of the seedbed is kept between 30 and 34 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night before emergence of seedlings. When 1/3 seeds come out of the soil, the mulching film is removed in the morning. Ventilating to harden the seedlings after the seedlings are discharged completely, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-14 ℃ at night. And (3) strengthening management and preventing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage.

Thirdly, field planting and management after field planting

And 6 days after 8 months, planting the cucumber seedlings until the cucumber seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, wherein the cucumber seedlings can be planted in the field generally in the evening of a sunny day, the root systems of the cucumbers are protected, moisture is drenched before the cucumber seedlings are lifted, and the cucumber seedlings are planted in sequence with soil so as to avoid damaging the root systems. Managing according to a conventional cultivation method after field planting, and generally inserting bamboo and building frames to guide vines when the cucumbers curl the vines. After the tendrils appear, the tendrils are introduced once every 3 to 4 days to make the distribution of the plants even. Powdery mildew, downy mildew and scab can be prevented and treated in time; plant diseases and insect pests such as aphids, whitefly, liriomyza sativae and the like. The prevention is mainly carried out by spraying protective bactericide before cloudy days.

The experimental results are as follows: as shown in tables 1 and 2, the plants to which the diversity compound fertilizers were applied grew vigorously, the leaf area increased by 10% on average, the leaf color was dark green, the chlorophyll content increased by 6% on average, the height of the plants in the same period increased by about 15%, the stem thickness increased by about 10%, the yield increased by 45% per plant, and the occurrence of diseases was late. The blank control leaf area is small, the leaf edge of the seedling stage becomes yellow and crimple, the disease is early and serious, and the plant is early aged.

TABLE 1 cucumber growth using different fertilizers

Table 2 incidence of cucumber with different fertilizers

The main cause of the soil continuous cropping obstacle can be the imbalance of the rhizosphere microecosystem, and the interaction between the soil and the plant root system is the material circulation between the soil circle and the biosphere. Their interaction may be embodied in physical, chemical, and other specific forms. Due to the interaction between soil and plant root system, a specific micro-ecological environment of root-soil interface is formed, which directly determines the various processes of shape, quantity, migration, transformation and the like of the substances absorbed by the plants from the soil. Meanwhile, the action of the plant root system on the soil can keep or change the physical structure, chemical components and the like of the soil, and has important functions of optimizing and improving the soil and keeping the natural and normal environment of the earth soil circle.

The diversity fertilization technology is a novel fertilization technology developed according to the ecological basic principle and the biological diversity principle, is an extension of a crop rotation production mode, and is characterized in that stubble roots of various crops are added into an organic fertilizer. The mechanism is that the diversified fertilization technology increases various root system residues and root system secretions, and provides rich nutrition and a proper living environment for soil microorganisms. The microbial diversity is the basic condition for mineralizing and absorbing soil nutrients and balancing soil microorganisms. Secondly, according to the ecological diversity principle and the characteristics of interaction (promotion or inhibition) among different crops, the nutrition absorption characteristics and root secretion characteristics of the continuous cropping crops are researched, so that the fertilizing root system corresponding to the diversity fertilization is determined. The diversified fertilization technology is based on enriching the nutrition diversity of organic fertilizers, namely increasing the root systems of various crops, increasing the diversity of farmyard manure (mixing various fertilizers such as sheep manure, cow manure and the like), and increasing various trace elements.

Example 2

Different from the example 1, the composition of the diversified compound fertilizer for removing the continuous cropping obstacle of the cucumber soil is as follows: artemisia annua and fresh root, corn and fresh root, wheat and fresh root, birch root, chrysanthemum and fresh root are compounded according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1. No trace elements of zinc, boron and magnesium are added.

The experimental results are as follows: similar to the results of example 1, the plants applied with the diversity compound fertilizer grew vigorously, the leaf area increased by 10% on average, the leaf color was darker, the chlorophyll content increased by 2% on average, the fruit setting rate was 30% higher, and the yield increased by 40% per plant. Blank control diseases occur early and seriously, melon transformation is serious, and plants age early.

Example 3

Different from the example 1, the composition of the diversified compound fertilizer for removing the continuous cropping obstacle of the cucumber soil is as follows: adding zinc, boron and magnesium as microelements, 3 jin per mu.

The experimental results are as follows: the growth vigor of the plants applied with the diversified compound fertilizers is slightly better than that of the blank control, the leaf color is slightly darker than that of the blank control, and the commodity fruit ratio is higher than that of the blank control. The overall yield difference was not significant.

Example 4

Different from the example 1, the composition of the diversified compound fertilizer for removing the continuous cropping obstacle of the cucumber soil is as follows: corn and fresh root, wheat and fresh root, birch root, according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1. Adding zinc, boron and magnesium as microelements, 3 jin per mu.

The experimental results are as follows: the growth vigor of plants applied with the diversity compound fertilizer is obviously superior to that of blank control, the leaves are large and the color of the leaves is deep, the height of the plants in the same period is increased by 5 percent, the stem thickness is increased by 5 percent, the yield of each plant is increased by 30 percent, the disease occurrence is lighter than that of the blank control, the disease occurrence condition of powdery mildew is investigated, the blank control disease occurrence is early and serious, and the plants are aged early.

Wherein the root is residual root of seedling collected from seedling raising field for 5-20 years, or residual root after cutting in forest field, except birch root, poplar root, pine root, or pine needle fallen from pine.

Example 5

Different from the example 1, the tree root is the mixture of poplar root and pine root in the ratio of 1:1.

The experimental results are as follows: similar to the results of example 1, the plants applied with the diversified compound fertilizers have vigorous growth, increased leaf area, dark green leaf color, increased plant height and stem thickness in the same period and increased yield by about 45 percent per plant. Blank control diseases occur early and seriously, and plants age early.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A diversity compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil comprises the following components: compounding 1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3 of wormwood and fresh root, corn and fresh root, wheat and fresh root, tree root, chrysanthemum and fresh root; preferably, the artemisia and the fresh root, the corn and the fresh root, the wheat and the fresh root, the tree root, the chrysanthemum and the fresh root are compounded according to the proportion of 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2: 1-2; preferably, the artemisia and the fresh root, the corn and the fresh root, the wheat and the fresh root, the tree root, the chrysanthemum and the fresh root are compounded according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1.

2. The diverse compound fertilizer as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the dosage of each mu is 300 jin; preferably, the dosage of the diversity compound fertilizer per mu is 400 jin; preferably, the dosage of the diversity compound fertilizer is 500 jin per mu.

3. The diverse compound fertilizer as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that: the diversity compound fertilizer also comprises trace elements of zinc, boron and magnesium, and 2-5 jin of the trace elements are added in each mu; preferably, the diversity compound fertilizer also comprises trace elements of zinc, boron and magnesium, and zinc sulfate, boric acid and magnesium sulfate are added in an amount of 2-4 jin per mu; preferably, the diversity compound fertilizer also comprises trace elements of zinc, boron and magnesium, and 3 jin of the trace elements are added in each mu.

4. The diverse compound fertilizer as set forth in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the tree root is collected from the residual root of the seedling in 5-20 years in a seedling raising field, or the residual root after felling in a forest field, including pine needle fallen from birch, poplar and pine.

5. The preparation method of the diversified compound fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of the cucumber soil as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, comprises the following steps: collecting 100 jin of each of the wormwood and the fresh root, the corn and the fresh root, the wheat and the fresh root, the tree root, the chrysanthemum and the fresh root, airing for 3-5 days, adding 3 jin of each of zinc sulfate, boric acid and magnesium sulfate, and uniformly mixing for one mu of land; and after ridging, furrow application and soil covering are carried out.

6. A diversity fertilization method for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil comprises applying base fertilizer and base fertilizer; the method is characterized in that: further comprising applying the diverse compound fertilizer of any one of claims 1-4.

7. The diversified fertilization method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber soil as claimed in claim 6, comprising the following steps:

firstly, deep ploughing base fertilizer, harrowing, ridging and making beds during soil preparation, and applying base fertilizer in the furrow surface;

then, applying the diversity compound fertilizer of any one of claims 1-4; preferably, furrow application is carried out on the ridge surface, a diversity compound fertilizer is applied while a base fertilizer is applied, and soil is covered on the ridge surface.

8. The diversified fertilization method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the cucumber soil as claimed in claim 7, comprising the following steps:

preparation before seedling

1. Base fertilizer and base fertilizer: preferably applying decomposed farmyard manure 3-5 tons/mu or organic fertilizer 400-500 kilograms/mu per mu, deeply ploughing base fertilizer during land preparation, adding compound fertilizer 30-50 kilograms/mu or diammonium phosphate 25-kilograms/mu, and applying in furrows after ridging as base fertilizer; applying 15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate in the growing period, and uniformly distributing the diversified compound fertilizer in the soil by layered fertilization in different times, so that the cucumber can be conveniently absorbed and utilized;

2. and (3) diversity fertilization: applying the diversified compound fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 according to the fertilizing method as claimed in claim 7;

3. land preparation: preferably, the land is finished, the land is high and deep furrows are formed, the width of a common furrow is about 1.m to 2.0 m (continuous furrows), the height of each furrow is more than 25 cm, the double-row planting is carried out, and the distance between every two plants is more than 25 cm; laying two drip irrigation tapes and covering a film; high-temperature canopy sealing before facility cultivation, applying base fertilizer in autumn for deep ploughing during open field cultivation, and watering in winter;

(II) cultivating strong seedlings with proper age

Preferably sowing and raising seedlings: soaking seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for 10 minutes, continuously stirring during seed soaking to ensure that the seeds are uniformly heated, soaking for 4 hours when the water temperature reaches 30 ℃, fishing out for cooling, wrapping with wet cloth, and putting into an environment at 30 ℃ for accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to the air for sowing;

preferable seedbed management: the temperature of the seedbed is kept at 30-34 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night before emergence of seedlings; when 1/3 seeds come out of the soil, the mulching film is removed in the morning; ventilating to harden the seedlings after the seedlings are discharged completely, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-14 ℃ at night; strengthening management and preventing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage;

(III) permanent planting and management after permanent planting

Preferably, field planting: preferably, the seedlings can be planted after 3-4 leaves are planted, generally in the evening of a sunny day, the roots of the cucumbers are protected, moisture is sprayed before the seedlings are lifted, and the seedlings are planted in sequence and with soil so as to avoid damaging the roots;

preferably, managing after permanent planting: preferably managing according to a conventional cultivation method after field planting, and generally inserting the bamboos and building frames to guide vines when the cucumbers curl the vines; after tendrils appear, the tendrils are introduced once every 3 to 4 days to ensure that the plants are evenly distributed; powdery mildew, downy mildew and scab can be prevented and treated in time; plant diseases and insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies, liriomyza sativae and the like; the prevention is mainly carried out by spraying protective bactericide before cloudy days.