CN112026164B - Double-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite material 3D printing device and method - Google Patents
Double-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite material 3D printing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112026164B CN112026164B CN202010824461.6A CN202010824461A CN112026164B CN 112026164 B CN112026164 B CN 112026164B CN 202010824461 A CN202010824461 A CN 202010824461A CN 112026164 B CN112026164 B CN 112026164B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
- B29C64/194—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control during lay-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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Abstract
A3D printing device and method for a double-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite material comprise a 3D printer frame and a double-nozzle printing module arranged on the 3D printer frame; the double-nozzle printing module comprises a nozzle supporting plate 20, wherein 2 printing heads, 1 shearing mechanism and a nozzle guide mechanism are arranged on the nozzle supporting plate 20; 2 printing heads are respectively arranged at two sides of the central line of the nozzle supporting plate, and when one printing head moves downwards, the other printing head moves upwards by the same distance under the driving of the nozzle guiding mechanism; the shearing mechanism is a plane four-bar mechanism and is arranged below the printing heads, and the continuous fiber composite materials on the two printing heads are sheared by one shearing mechanism through controlling the shearing mechanism; the 3D printer frame comprises an X, Y, Z triaxial movement mechanism and a printing platform arranged on the triaxial movement mechanism, and 2 winding wheels are arranged at the top of an external support frame on the X, Y, Z triaxial movement mechanism; the invention prints hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite components and complex structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for 3D printing of a double-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite material.
Background
The 3D printing technology adopts the principle of layer-by-layer accumulation, and materials are laid on each layer according to a set printing path and finally stacked and formed to manufacture the three-dimensional part. The 3D printing technology is applied to the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material at present and becomes a new composite material manufacturing process, and the continuous fiber reinforced composite material product printed by the 3D printing technology has the characteristics of high strength, high rigidity, light weight and the like, and the distribution direction of fibers can be controlled, so that the performance of the product is controlled.
Because the 3D printing of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material is limited by the continuous characteristic of fibers in the printing process, the printing of simple components can be realized at present, and the printing requirements of some complex structures are difficult to meet; the simultaneously printed parts usually contain only one continuous fiber and therefore often do not meet multiple performance requirements. The hybrid fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material is a composite material of two or more fibers reinforced by the same resin matrix, gives full play to the advantages of various fibers, has the characteristics of a single fiber reinforced composite material and other special properties, and overcomes the defect that a single material cannot meet various performance requirements; in addition, the variety of the fibers also increases the designability of the composite material, reduces the cost and greatly expands the application range of the composite material.
The 3D printing technology of the continuous fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material is realized, but the existing continuous fiber reinforced 3D printer can only print single continuous fiber, and a multi-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced 3D printing device capable of printing hybrid continuous fiber components is not disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dual-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device and method, which can be used for printing hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite members and some complex structures.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A3D printing device for a double-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite material comprises a 3D printer frame and a double-nozzle printing module arranged on the 3D printer frame; the double-nozzle printing module comprises a nozzle supporting plate 20, wherein 2 printing heads, 1 shearing mechanism and a nozzle guide mechanism are arranged on the nozzle supporting plate 20; 2 printing heads are respectively arranged at two sides of the central line of the nozzle supporting plate, and when one printing head moves downwards, the other printing head moves upwards by the same distance under the driving of the nozzle guiding mechanism; the shearing mechanism is a plane four-bar mechanism and is arranged below the printing heads, and the continuous fiber composite materials on the two printing heads are sheared by one shearing mechanism through controlling the shearing mechanism;
the 3D printer frame includes X, Y, Z triaxial moving mechanism, installs print platform 38 on the Y-axis moving mechanism, and X, Y, Z triaxial moving mechanism installs on external support frame 26, and 2 rolling wheels 27 are installed to external support frame 26 top.
The printing head comprises a printing head motor 2, the printing head motor 2 is installed on a motor base 1, the motor base 1 is fixed with a part installation plate 3, a side lug 101 is arranged on the side wall of the motor base 1, an output shaft of the printing head motor 2 is connected with a driving wheel 4, the driving wheel 4 is meshed with a driven wheel 5, the driven wheel 5 is installed on the part installation plate 3, one end of a driven wheel shaft 51 on the driven wheel 5 is contacted with an opposite extrusion wheel 6, the opposite extrusion wheel 6 is installed on a wheel shaft of a shell cover 12 and is positioned at the horizontal eccentric position of the driven wheel shaft 51; fiber tows 11 penetrate through the space between the counter extrusion wheel 6 and the driven wheel shaft 51, the fiber tows 11 sequentially penetrate through the throat pipe 7, the heating block 8 and the nozzle 9, and the resin feeding pipe 10 is installed on the heating block 8.
The shearing mechanism comprises scissors which are hinged into a plane four-bar linkage by 2 connecting bars 17 and 2 slender shearing blades 18; the two slender shearing blades 18 are arranged on a blade mounting shaft 191 of the shearing support 19 through a threaded hole in the middle of the slender shearing blades to form a scissor-like X-shaped mechanism, and the blade mounting shaft 191 is positioned on the central line of the nozzles 9 of the two printing heads; the cutting end of the slender cutting blade 18 is used for cutting the fiber tows 11, the other end of the slender cutting blade 18 is hinged to the two connecting rods 17, the other end of the two connecting rods 17 is hinged to the connecting rod mounting shaft 161 of the cutting slider 16, the cutting slider 16 is mounted on the cutting screw 14 and the cutting guide rod 15, the cutting screw 14 and the cutting guide rod 15 are mounted on the cutting support 19, the end of the cutting screw 14 is connected with the output shaft of the cutting motor 13, and the cutting motor 13 is mounted on the cutting support 19.
The shearing mechanism is arranged 1mm above the surface of the printed part, so that the interference on the surface of the printed part is avoided; the thickness of the slender shearing blade 18 is 1mm, and after the 2 slender shearing blades 18 are closed, the shearing end of the slender shearing blade 18 just reaches the nozzle 9, so that the fiber tows 11 are cut off; when the shearing slider 16 slides left and right on the shearing screw 14, the shearing end of the elongated shearing blade 18 rotates around the blade mounting shaft 191, so that the shearing of the two fiber tows 11 in the two printing heads can be realized.
The nozzle guide mechanism comprises two synchronous wheels 22 arranged on the vertical central line of the nozzle support plate 20, and the two synchronous wheels 22 are connected through a synchronous belt 23; the upper synchronous wheel 22 is arranged on an output shaft of a synchronous wheel driving motor 21, the synchronous wheel driving motor 21 is arranged on the spray head supporting plate 20, and the lower synchronous wheel 22 is arranged on a belt wheel supporting shaft 201 connected on the spray head supporting plate 20;
guide rod supporting seats 24 are equidistantly arranged on two sides of the synchronizing wheel 22, and 2 guide rods 25 are arranged on each guide rod supporting seat 24; the printing heads are arranged on the guide rods 25 at two sides of the synchronous wheel 22, and the two printing heads are fixed at two sides of the synchronous belt 23 through side lugs 101; when the timing belt moves, it occurs that one print head moves up and the other print head moves down the same distance.
The 3D printer frame comprises an X, Y, Z triaxial movement mechanism, the Y-axis movement mechanism comprises a Y-axis sliding block, the Y-axis sliding block is installed on a Y-axis screw 37, the end of the Y-axis screw 37 is connected with the output shaft of a Y-axis driving motor 36, and the Y-axis screw 37 and the Y-axis driving motor 36 are fixed on the Y-axis frame; the Y-axis frame is connected with a Z-axis movement mechanism, the Z-axis movement mechanism comprises an external support frame 26, two sides of the bottom of the external support frame 26 are connected to the Y-axis frame, a Z-axis screw 29 and a Z-axis guide rod 30 are installed on the vertical section of the external support frame 26, a Z-axis slider 31 is installed on the Z-axis screw 29 and the Z-axis guide rod 30, the Z-axis screw 29 is connected with an output shaft of a Z-axis drive motor 28, and the Z-axis drive motor 28 is installed on the horizontal section of the top of the external support frame 26; an X-axis movement mechanism is connected between the two Z-axis sliding blocks 31 and comprises an X-axis guide rod 33 and an X-axis screw rod 32, the X-axis guide rod 33 and the X-axis screw rod 32 are connected between the two Z-axis sliding blocks 31, the X-axis guide rod 33 and the X-axis screw rod 32 are provided with X-axis sliding blocks 34, the end of the X-axis screw rod 32 is connected with an output shaft of an X-axis driving motor 35, and the X-axis driving motor 35 is fixed on the outer side of one Z-axis sliding block 31;
a printing platform 38 is arranged on the Y-axis sliding block, and a double-nozzle printing module is arranged on the X-axis sliding block 34; the top horizontal segment of the outer support frame 26 is fitted with 2 take-up wheels 27.
The fiber tows 11 are continuous fibers made of any materials, and the fiber tows 11 in the two printing heads are different in type; the resin is thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin, and the types of the resin in the two printing heads are the same or different; the resin is in the form of a liquid or solid.
The heating block 8 is provided with 2 heating holes 83, 1 resin feeding hole 82 and 1 continuous fiber feeding hole 81, the heating holes 83 are used for installing heating rods, and the fiber tows 11 are impregnated with resin in the heating block 8.
A printing method based on a double-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device comprises the following steps:
1) when printing is started, a first nozzle 9 for printing the carbon fiber composite material on the dual-nozzle printing module moves downwards to the bottom of the printing module under the driving of the synchronizing wheel 22, a second nozzle 9 for printing the glass fiber moves upwards, at the moment, scissors of the shearing mechanism are in an open state, then the dual-nozzle printing module moves in the X direction and the Z direction, and the printing platform 38 moves in the Y direction;
2) when the first nozzle 9 reaches the printing plane, the printing head motor 2 starts to drive, and the first layer of the model starts to be printed; after the first layer is printed, the first nozzle 9 moves upwards for 2mm under the drive of the synchronous belt 23, the shearing slide block 16 moves to enable the scissors to close and shear the fiber tows 11 in the first nozzle 9, and then the shearing slide block 16 moves to enable the scissors to open;
3) the synchronous belt 23 drives the first nozzle 9 to move upwards continuously, and the second nozzle 9 stops when reaching the bottom of the printing module; then the printing module moves upwards by a distance of one layer, the printing module starts to move in a plane, the second nozzle 9 starts to print a second layer of glass fiber composite material, after the second layer is printed, the second nozzle 9 moves upwards by 2mm under the driving of the synchronous belt 23, the shearing sliding block 16 moves to enable the scissors to be closed to shear the fiber tows 11 of the second nozzle 9, and then the shearing sliding block 16 moves again to enable the scissors to be opened;
4) the synchronous belt 23 drives the second nozzle 9 to continuously move upwards, the first nozzle 9 moves downwards, the first nozzle 9 stops moving when reaching the bottom of the printing module, then the printing module moves upwards by a layer distance, the printing module starts to perform plane movement, the first nozzle 9 starts to perform third-layer printing, after the layer is printed, the first nozzle 9 moves upwards by 2mm under the driving of the synchronous belt 23, the shearing sliding block 16 moves to enable the scissors to be closed to shear the fiber tows 11 in the first nozzle 9, and then the shearing sliding block 16 moves reversely to enable the scissors to be opened;
5) and (4) circulating the steps 1) to 4) until the printing of the whole component is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the device can be used for preparing any two hybrid 3D printing parts made of continuous fiber composite materials, the resin is thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, the resin is in a liquid or solid state, and the specific type, components and form of the resin can be changed according to actual needs.
(2) Most of the existing multi-nozzle 3D printers are thermoplastic wire materials or double-screw extrusion 3D printers, and are not suitable for 3D printing of various continuous fiber composite materials; by adopting the device, 3D printing of two continuous fiber reinforced same or different resin composite materials can be realized at one time, 3D printing of various mixed structures such as interlayer mixing or in-layer mixing can also be realized, the printed parts can meet various performance requirements, the defects of pure thermoplastic wire and chopped fiber 3D printed parts are overcome, various performances of the printed parts are greatly improved, and the designability of the composite materials is improved.
(3) Compared with the situation that different printing heads are arranged on different motion shafts, the device and the method have less freedom degree and simpler control, and can realize the switching of the printing heads only by controlling the synchronous wheel driving motor of the printing module; compared with the structure that two nozzles are fixed on one printing head, the two nozzles of the invention cannot be influenced mutually, the quality of printed parts is better, the precision is higher, and more complicated parts can be printed; the double-nozzle printing module can also be installed on a common single-nozzle 3D printer in the market, the bottom layer code and the G code of the printer are compiled, other structures of the printer are not required to be changed, printing of the mixed continuous fiber 3D printing component can be achieved, and printing parts can meet various performance requirements.
(4) The continuous fibers on the two printing heads can be cut off through one shearing mechanism, so that the printing head structure is simplified, and the weight of a printing module is reduced; the traditional continuous fiber 3D printer is limited by the continuous characteristic of fibers in the printing process, and only can realize the printing of simple parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall assembly view of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a printhead in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a printhead without a housing cover in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a heating block in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a shearing mechanism in the device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a dual head print module in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a right side view of a dual head print module in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a view taken along direction a of fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a printer frame in the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a dual-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device includes a 3D printer frame and a dual-nozzle printing module installed on a moving shaft thereof; the double-nozzle printing module comprises a nozzle supporting plate 20, wherein 2 printing heads, 1 shearing mechanism and a nozzle guide mechanism are arranged on the nozzle supporting plate 20;
the 3D printer frame includes X, Y, Z triaxial moving mechanism, installs print platform 38 on the Y-axis moving mechanism, and X, Y, Z triaxial moving mechanism installs at external support frame 26, and 2 rolling wheels 27 are installed to external support frame 26 top.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the printing head includes a printing head motor 2, the printing head motor 2 is mounted on a motor base 1, the motor base 1 and a component mounting plate 3 are fixed together, a side lug 101 is arranged on a side wall of the motor base 1, a driving wheel 4 is connected on an output shaft of the printing head motor 2, the driving wheel 4 is meshed with a driven wheel 5, the driven wheel 5 is mounted on the component mounting plate 3, one end of a driven wheel shaft 51 on the driven wheel 5 is contacted with an opposite extrusion wheel 6, and the opposite extrusion wheel 6 is mounted on a wheel shaft of a housing cover 12 and is located at a horizontal eccentric position of the driven wheel shaft 51; when the printing head motor 2 rotates, the driving wheel 4 is driven to rotate, and then the driven wheel 5 is driven to rotate, so that the driven wheel shaft 51 is driven to rotate, and the driven wheel shaft 51 and the counter-extrusion wheel 6 can form counter-extrusion motion due to the fact that the driven wheel shaft 51 is in contact with the counter-extrusion wheel 6; the fiber tows 11 pass through the space between the counter extrusion wheel 6 and the driven wheel shaft 51 and then sequentially pass through the throat pipe 7, the heating block 8 and the nozzle 9, the resin feeding pipe 10 is arranged on the heating block 8, and the fiber tows 11 are impregnated with resin in the heating block 8.
As shown in fig. 4, the heating block 8 is provided with 2 heating holes 83, 1 resin feeding hole 82 and 1 continuous fiber feeding hole 81, and the heating holes 83 are used for installing heating rods.
As shown in fig. 5, the cutting mechanism comprises scissors which are hinged into a plane four-bar linkage by 2 connecting bars 17 and 2 slender cutting blades 18; the two slender shearing blades 18 are arranged on a blade mounting shaft 191 of the shearing support 19 through a threaded hole in the middle of the slender shearing blades to form a scissor-like X-shaped mechanism, and the blade mounting shaft 191 is positioned on the central line of the nozzles 9 of the two printing heads; the cutting end of the slender cutting blade 18 is used for cutting off the fiber tows 11, the other end of the slender cutting blade 18 is hinged with the two connecting rods 17, the other ends of the two connecting rods 17 are hinged on a connecting rod mounting shaft 161 of the cutting slider 16, the cutting slider 16 is mounted on the cutting screw 14 and the cutting guide rod 15, the cutting screw 14 and the cutting guide rod 15 are mounted on the cutting support 19, the end of the cutting screw 14 is connected with an output shaft of the cutting motor 13, and the cutting motor 13 is mounted on the cutting support 19; when the shearing motor 13 rotates, the shearing screw 14 rotates to drive the shearing slider 16 to move linearly, so that the planar four-bar shear mechanism is driven to open and close, and the fiber tows 11 are cut off.
Referring to fig. 5 and 8, the thickness of the elongated shearing blade 18 is 1mm, and when 2 elongated shearing blades 18 are closed, the shearing end of the elongated shearing blade 18 just reaches the nozzle 9, so that the fiber tows 11 are cut off; when the shearing slider 16 slides left and right on the shearing screw 14, the shearing end of the elongated shearing blade 18 rotates around the blade mounting shaft 191, so that the shearing of two fiber tows 11 in two printing heads by one shearing mechanism can be realized.
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the nozzle guide mechanism includes two synchronizing wheels 22 installed at a vertical center line of the nozzle support plate 20, and the two synchronizing wheels 22 are connected by a synchronizing belt 23; the upper synchronous wheel 22 is arranged on an output shaft of a synchronous wheel driving motor 21, the synchronous wheel driving motor 21 is arranged on the spray head supporting plate 20, and the lower synchronous wheel 22 is arranged on a belt wheel supporting shaft 201 connected on the spray head supporting plate 20;
guide rod supporting seats 24 are equidistantly arranged on two sides of the synchronizing wheel 22, and 2 guide rods 25 are arranged on each guide rod supporting seat 24; the printing heads are arranged on the guide rods 25 at two sides of the synchronous wheel 22, and the two printing heads are fixed at two sides of the synchronous belt 23 through side lugs 101; when the synchronous wheel driving motor 21 rotates, the synchronous wheel 22 is driven to rotate, so as to drive the printing heads fixed on the synchronous belt 23 to do vertical linear motion, and since the two printing heads are respectively arranged at two sides of the synchronous wheel 22, when one printing head moves upwards, the other printing head moves downwards by the same distance.
As shown in fig. 6-8, the shearing mechanism is installed below the printing head, and the shearing mechanism is 1mm above the surface of the printed part, so that the surface of the printed part is not interfered; after the first nozzle 9 finishes one-layer printing, the first nozzle 9 moves up by 2mm under the drive of the synchronous belt 23, the shearing slider 16 moves under the drive of the shearing screw 14, the scissors are closed to finish shearing action, then the scissors are opened, the synchronous belt 23 drives the first nozzle 9 to move up continuously, the second nozzle 9 moves down, when the second nozzle 9 reaches the bottom of the printing module, the second nozzle stops, the printing module moves up by one layer, and the second nozzle 9 starts to print the next layer.
As shown in fig. 9, the 3D printer frame includes an X, Y, Z three-axis movement mechanism, the Y-axis movement mechanism includes a Y-axis slider, the Y-axis slider is mounted on the Y-axis screw 37, the end of the Y-axis screw 37 is connected to the output shaft of the Y-axis driving motor 36, and the Y-axis screw 37 and the Y-axis driving motor 36 are fixed on the Y-axis frame; the Y-axis frame is connected with a Z-axis movement mechanism, the Z-axis movement mechanism comprises an external support frame 26, two sides of the bottom of the external support frame 26 are connected to the Y-axis frame, a Z-axis screw 29 and a Z-axis guide rod 30 are installed on the vertical section of the external support frame 26, a Z-axis slider 31 is installed on the Z-axis screw 29 and the Z-axis guide rod 30, the Z-axis screw 29 is connected with an output shaft of a Z-axis drive motor 28, and the Z-axis drive motor 28 is installed on the horizontal section of the top of the external support frame 26; an X-axis movement mechanism is connected between the two Z-axis sliding blocks 31 and comprises an X-axis guide rod 33 and an X-axis screw rod 32, the X-axis guide rod 33 and the X-axis screw rod 32 are connected between the two Z-axis sliding blocks 31, the X-axis guide rod 33 and the X-axis screw rod 32 are provided with X-axis sliding blocks 34, the end of the X-axis screw rod 32 is connected with an output shaft of an X-axis driving motor 35, and the X-axis driving motor 35 is fixed on the outer side of one Z-axis sliding block 31;
a printing platform 38 is arranged on the Y-axis sliding block, and the printing platform 38 moves in the Y direction through controlling the Y-axis driving motor 36; a double-nozzle printing module is arranged on the X-axis sliding block 34, and moves along the X axis and the Z axis through controlling an X-axis driving motor 35 and a Z-axis driving motor 28;
the top horizontal segment of the external supporting frame 26 is provided with 2 winding wheels 27 for winding the fiber tows 11.
A printing method based on a double-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device comprises the following steps:
1) as shown in fig. 1, the fiber tows 11 in the two print heads are carbon fiber and glass fiber respectively, and the resins are thermoplastic resin PLA filament; when printing is started, a first nozzle 9 for printing the carbon fiber composite material on the dual-nozzle printing module moves downwards to the bottom of the printing module under the driving of the synchronizing wheel 22, a second nozzle 9 for printing the glass fiber moves upwards, at the moment, scissors of the shearing mechanism are in an open state, then the dual-nozzle printing module moves in the X direction and the Z direction, and the printing platform 38 moves in the Y direction;
2) when the first nozzle 9 reaches the printing plane, the printing head motor 2 starts to drive, and the first layer of the model starts to be printed; after the first layer is printed, the first nozzle 9 moves upwards for 2mm under the drive of the synchronous belt 23, the shearing slide block 16 moves to enable the scissors to be closed to shear the carbon fiber yarns, and then the shearing slide block 16 moves to enable the scissors to be opened;
3) the synchronous belt 23 drives the first nozzle 9 to move upwards continuously, and the second nozzle 9 stops when reaching the bottom of the printing module; then the printing module moves upwards by a layer of distance, the printing module starts to move in a plane, the second nozzle 9 starts to print a second layer of glass fiber composite material, after the second layer is printed, the second nozzle 9 moves upwards by 2mm under the driving of the synchronous belt 23, the shearing slide block 16 moves to enable the scissors to be closed to shear the glass fiber yarns of the second nozzle 9, and then the shearing slide block 16 moves again to enable the scissors to be opened;
4) the synchronous belt 23 drives the second nozzle 9 to continuously move upwards, the first nozzle 9 moves downwards, the first nozzle 9 stops when reaching the bottom of the printing module, then the printing module moves upwards by a layer distance, the printing module starts to perform plane movement, the first nozzle 9 starts to perform third-layer printing, after the layer is printed, the first nozzle 9 moves upwards by 2mm under the driving of the synchronous belt 23, the shearing slide block 16 moves to enable the scissors to be closed to shear carbon fiber wires in the first nozzle 9, and then the shearing slide block 16 moves reversely to enable the scissors to be opened;
5) cycling the step 1) to the step 4) until the printing of the whole component is completed; the component is a carbon-glass fiber reinforced PLA (polylactic acid) interlayer hybrid 3D printing component, has the dual mechanical advantages of carbon fiber and glass fiber, and is suitable for more application places.
The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, which may be modified in any manner within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a dual spray mixes continuous fibers reinforcing combined material 3D printing device which characterized in that: the printing device comprises a 3D printer frame and a double-nozzle printing module arranged on the 3D printer frame; the double-nozzle printing module comprises a nozzle supporting plate (20), wherein 2 printing heads, 1 shearing mechanism and a nozzle guide mechanism are arranged on the nozzle supporting plate (20); the 2 printing heads are respectively arranged at two sides of the central line of the nozzle supporting plate (20), and when one printing head moves downwards under the driving of the nozzle guiding mechanism, the other printing head moves upwards by the same distance; the shearing mechanism is a plane four-bar mechanism and is arranged below the printing heads, and the continuous fiber composite materials on the two printing heads are sheared by one shearing mechanism through controlling the shearing mechanism;
the 3D printer frame comprises an X, Y, Z three-axis movement mechanism, a printing platform (38) is installed on the Y-axis movement mechanism, a X, Y, Z three-axis movement mechanism is installed on an external support frame (26), and 2 winding wheels (27) are installed at the top of the external support frame (26);
the printing head comprises a printing head motor (2), the printing head motor (2) is arranged on a motor base (1), the motor base (1) and a part mounting plate (3) are fixed together, and side lugs (101) are arranged on the side wall of the motor base (1); the output shaft of the printing head motor (2) is connected with a driving wheel (4), the driving wheel (4) is meshed with a driven wheel (5), the number of the driven wheel teeth is larger than that of the driving wheel teeth, the driven wheel (5) is installed on a part installation plate (3), one end of a driven wheel shaft (51) on the driven wheel (5) is contacted with a squeezing wheel (6), the squeezing wheel (6) is installed on a wheel shaft of a shell cover (12) and is positioned at the horizontal eccentric position of the driven wheel shaft (51); fiber tows (11) penetrate between the counter extrusion wheel (6) and the driven wheel shaft (51), the fiber tows (11) sequentially penetrate through the throat pipe (7), the heating block (8) and the nozzle (9), the resin feeding pipe (10) which is obliquely arranged is arranged on the heating block (8), and the fiber tows (11) are impregnated with resin in the heating block (8);
the shearing mechanism comprises scissors, and the scissors are hinged into a plane four-bar mechanism by 2 connecting bars (17) and 2 slender shearing blades (18); the two slender shearing blades (18) are arranged on a blade mounting shaft (191) of the shearing support (19) through a threaded hole in the middle of the slender shearing blades to form a scissor-like X-shaped mechanism, and the blade mounting shafts (191) are positioned on the central lines of the nozzles (9) of the two printing heads; the cutting end of the slender cutting blade (18) is used for cutting off fiber tows (11), the other end of the slender cutting blade (18) is hinged to the two connecting rods (17), the other ends of the two connecting rods (17) are hinged to a connecting rod mounting shaft (161) of the cutting slider (16), the cutting slider (16) is mounted on the cutting screw (14) and the cutting guide rod (15), the cutting screw (14) and the cutting guide rod (15) are mounted on the cutting support (19), the end of the cutting screw (14) is connected with an output shaft of the cutting motor (13), and the cutting motor (13) is mounted on the cutting support (19);
the shearing mechanism is arranged 1mm above the surface of the printed part, so that the interference on the surface of the printed part is avoided; the thickness of the slender shearing blade (18) is 1mm, and after the 2 slender shearing blades (18) are closed, the shearing end of the slender shearing blade (18) just reaches the nozzle (9) to cut off the fiber tows (11); when the shearing slide block (16) slides left and right on the shearing screw rod (14), the shearing end of the slender shearing blade (18) rotates around the blade mounting shaft (191), so that the shearing of two fiber tows (11) in two printing heads by one shearing mechanism can be realized;
the nozzle guide mechanism comprises two synchronous wheels (22) arranged on the vertical central line of a nozzle support plate (20), and the two synchronous wheels (22) are connected through a synchronous belt (23); the upper synchronous wheel (22) is arranged on an output shaft of a synchronous wheel driving motor (21), the synchronous wheel driving motor (21) is arranged on the spray head supporting plate (20), and the lower synchronous wheel (22) is arranged on a belt wheel supporting shaft (201) connected on the spray head supporting plate (20);
guide rod supporting seats (24) are equidistantly arranged on two sides of the synchronizing wheel (22), and 2 guide rods (25) are arranged on each guide rod supporting seat (24); printing heads are mounted on guide rods (25) on both sides of the synchronous wheel (22), and the two printing heads are fixed on both sides of the synchronous belt (23) through side lugs (101).
2. The dual-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein: the 3D printer frame comprises an X, Y, Z triaxial movement mechanism, the Y-axis movement mechanism comprises a Y-axis sliding block, the Y-axis sliding block is installed on a Y-axis screw rod (37), the end of the Y-axis screw rod (37) is connected with the output shaft of a Y-axis driving motor (36), and the Y-axis screw rod (37) and the Y-axis driving motor (36) are fixed on the Y-axis frame; the Y-axis frame is connected with a Z-axis movement mechanism, the Z-axis movement mechanism comprises an external support frame (26), two sides of the bottom of the external support frame (26) are connected to the Y-axis frame, a Z-axis screw (29) and a Z-axis guide rod (30) are installed on the vertical section of the external support frame (26), a Z-axis slider (31) is installed on the Z-axis screw (29) and the Z-axis guide rod (30), the Z-axis screw (29) is connected with an output shaft of a Z-axis driving motor (28), and the Z-axis driving motor (28) is installed on the horizontal section of the top of the external support frame (26); an X-axis movement mechanism is connected between the two Z-axis sliding blocks (31), the X-axis movement mechanism comprises an X-axis guide rod (33) and an X-axis screw (32), the X-axis guide rod (33) and the X-axis screw (32) are connected between the two Z-axis sliding blocks (31), the X-axis guide rod (33) and the X-axis screw (32) are provided with X-axis sliding blocks (34), the end of the X-axis screw (32) is connected with an output shaft of an X-axis driving motor (35), and the X-axis driving motor (35) is fixed on the outer side of one Z-axis sliding block (31);
a printing platform (38) is arranged on the Y-axis sliding block, and a double-nozzle printing module is arranged on the X-axis sliding block (34); 2 winding wheels (27) are installed on the top horizontal section of the external support frame (26).
3. The dual-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber tows (11) are continuous fibers made of any materials, and the fiber tows (11) in the two printing heads are different in type; the resin is thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin, and the types of the resin in the two printing heads are the same or different; the resin is in the form of a liquid or solid.
4. The dual-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein: the heating block (8) is provided with 2 heating holes (83), 1 resin feeding hole (82) and 1 continuous fiber feeding hole (81), and the heating holes (83) are used for installing heating rods.
5. The printing method of the dual-nozzle hybrid continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printing device according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
1) when printing is started, a first nozzle (9) for printing the carbon fiber composite material on the double-nozzle printing module moves downwards to the bottom of the printing module under the driving of a synchronizing wheel (22), a second nozzle (9) for printing the glass fiber moves upwards, at the moment, scissors of the shearing mechanism are in an open state, then the double-nozzle printing module moves in the X direction and the Z direction, and a printing platform (38) moves in the Y direction;
2) when the first nozzle (9) reaches the printing plane, the printing head motor (2) starts to drive and starts to print the first layer of the model; after the first layer is printed, the first nozzle (9) moves upwards for 2mm under the drive of the synchronous belt (23), the shearing slide block (16) moves to enable the scissors to be closed to shear the fiber tows (11) in the first nozzle (9), and then the shearing slide block (16) moves again to enable the scissors to be opened;
3) the synchronous belt (23) drives the first nozzle (9) to move upwards continuously, and the second nozzle (9) stops when reaching the bottom of the printing module; then the printing module moves upwards by a distance of one layer, the printing module starts to move in a plane, the second nozzle (9) starts to print the second layer of fiber composite material, after the second layer is printed, the second nozzle (9) moves upwards by 2mm under the driving of the synchronous belt (23), the shearing sliding block (16) moves to enable the scissors to be closed to shear the fiber tows (11) of the second nozzle (9), and then the shearing sliding block (16) moves again to enable the scissors to be opened;
4) the synchronous belt (23) drives the second nozzle (9) to continuously move upwards, the first nozzle (9) moves downwards, the first nozzle (9) stops when reaching the bottom of the printing module, then the printing module moves upwards by a layer distance, the printing module starts to perform plane movement, the first nozzle (9) starts to perform third-layer printing, after the layer is printed, the first nozzle (9) moves upwards by 2mm under the driving of the synchronous belt (23), the shearing sliding block (16) moves to enable the scissors to be closed to shear the fiber tows (11) in the first nozzle (9), and then the shearing sliding block (16) moves reversely to enable the scissors to be opened;
5) and (4) circulating the steps 1) to 4) until the printing of the whole component is completed.
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| CN113752550A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite high-temperature 3D printer |
| CN113752546A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-07 | 江南大学 | Fuse deposition type 3D printing wire shearing device and operation method |
| CN115139523A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-10-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Quick-change 3D printing nozzle for curved surface printing |
| CN115583018B (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2024-07-05 | 陕西千山航空电子有限责任公司 | Additive manufacturing method of fiber composite material impact-resistant structural member |
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