CN112025328A - Bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail and high-speed milling manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail and high-speed milling manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112025328A CN112025328A CN201911064100.XA CN201911064100A CN112025328A CN 112025328 A CN112025328 A CN 112025328A CN 201911064100 A CN201911064100 A CN 201911064100A CN 112025328 A CN112025328 A CN 112025328A
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- guide rail
- sliding guide
- resistant
- wear
- bionic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
- B23Q1/017—Arrangements of ways
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/002—Milling elongated workpieces
- B23C3/005—Rails
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a drag reduction and wear-resistant sliding guide rail used in various machines, in particular to a sliding guide rail with a bionic wear-resistant surface, which is characterized in that quadrilateral pits with the length-width ratio of 2:1 are distributed on the working surface of the sliding guide rail, and the depth of each pit is 0.01-0.1 mm. The sliding guide rail has the appearance similar to a pit on the surface of a dung beetle head, so that the abrasion resistance of the working surface of the sliding guide rail can be obviously improved, the friction force of the sliding guide rail during working is reduced, the lubricating property between the sliding block and the sliding guide rail is improved, the service life and the mechanical property of the sliding guide rail are obviously prolonged compared with those of a smooth guide rail with the same base material, and the creeping phenomenon under the working condition of low speed and heavy load is reduced. The bionic wear-resistant surface of the working area of the sliding guide rail is formed by high-speed milling with a ball-end milling cutter, the appearance and the size of the machined surface are controlled by changing the back cutting depth, the feed amount, the row spacing and the initial phase difference of each row of cutter teeth, the machining efficiency is high, and the economical efficiency is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drag reduction and wear-resistant sliding guide rail used in various machines, in particular to a sliding guide rail with a bionic wear-resistant surface.
Background
The sliding guide serves to support and guide the moving member in a reciprocating motion in a given direction. The moving part of the sliding guide rail is in direct contact with the bearing part, and the sliding guide rail has the advantages of simple structure, high contact rigidity and the defects of high friction resistance, high abrasion and easy creeping phenomenon during low-speed and heavy load. At present, the sliding guide rail is mainly used for equipment such as machine tools, welding machines and the like which need to move back and forth and have high requirements on bearing capacity and rigidity.
In order to reduce the friction force of the sliding guide rail, improve the motion stability and prolong the service life, the current sliding guide rail finish machining generally adopts a grinding process, and the roughness of the working surface of the guide rail is reduced as much as possible. The sliding guide rail is lubricated by lubricating oil during working, and a layer of oil film is formed between the sliding block and the guide rail, so that the guide rail works in a state as close as possible to a liquid friction state, the friction resistance is reduced, the driving power is reduced, the guide rail abrasion is reduced, the creeping phenomenon under the low-speed heavy-load condition is avoided as much as possible, and the vibration is reduced. However, the sliding guide and the slider are worn by abrasive grains, an oil film formed between the sliding guide and the slider is unstable, and the sliding guide and the slider are generally in a boundary lubrication state during operation, and some materials are in direct contact with a friction surface between the guide and the slider. These factors all have a great influence on the service life of the guide rail and the usability of the guide rail. Therefore, it has been a main content of research and is very significant for sliding guide designers to improve the wear resistance, drag reduction, and lubrication performance of the sliding guide, thereby improving the service life and mechanical properties of the sliding guide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sliding guide rail with a bionic wear-resistant surface, which can be used for improving the wear-resistant and resistance-reducing performance of the working surface of the sliding guide rail and improving the lubricating performance between a sliding block and the sliding guide rail, so that the mechanical property of the sliding guide rail is improved, the phenomenon that the sliding guide rail creeps at low speed and heavy load is avoided, and the service life is prolonged.
Bionics is a technological science that studies the structure, properties, principles, behaviors and their interactions of biological systems, thus providing new design ideas, working principles and system compositions for engineering techniques. The bionic method is the most effective potential way for designing and manufacturing new materials in the future, utilizes the characteristics of wear resistance, drag reduction, adhesion resistance, lubrication and the like of the surface non-smooth form of certain organisms or objects in the nature, designs structural parameters according to functional requirements and controls the formation of the structural parameters in the processing process, and provides a model of the novel sliding guide rail with the bionic wear-resistant surface.
The non-smooth shape is a new bionic idea proposed by the research on the structure, statics and dynamics performance of biological materials. Through the research to the dung beetle, discover that the dung beetle comes in and goes out in moist soil, stand friction, can freely move, and the human body is little adhesion soil because the dung beetle body surface has certain elasticity, and under the exogenic action, the body surface can absorb frictional stress, takes place elastic deformation. Research on the surface morphology of the dung beetle discovers that quadrilateral-like pits are uniformly distributed on a head shell, the depth of the surface pits is 15-20 mu m, the length of the pits is 100-200 mu m, the width of the pits is 70-100 mu m, the length-width ratio of the pits is approximately 2:1, air is easily collected on the surface of the dung beetle containing quadrilateral pit units, the atmospheric negative pressure can be reduced, and therefore the friction force between the surface of the dung beetle and soil is reduced. The convex part at the edge of the pit is hard, the function of the pit is mainly to bear the extrusion and friction of soil and resist abrasion, and the body surface appearance has the functions of resistance reduction, wear resistance, extrusion resistance, crack resistance and the like. Just because the special unsmooth body surface structure of dung beetle makes the dung beetle can freely come in and go out in moist soil. According to the characteristics of the appearance of the dung beetle body surface pits, the characteristics of wear resistance, drag reduction and crack resistance of the dung beetle body surface pits can be applied to the sliding guide rail so as to improve the service life and the mechanical property of the guide rail.
The general wear of materials is generally divided into three stages, namely a running-in stage, a stable wear stage and a rapid wear stage. Through the research on the wear-resisting mechanism of the bionic non-smooth surface, the bionic non-smooth surface with the pit units has a leveling effect on a friction pair during friction, pits uniformly distributed on the bionic non-smooth surface are like a handle 'cutter', and tiny protrusions on the surface of the friction pair are removed in an accelerated manner, so that the running-in speed between friction surfaces is accelerated, and the time required by a running-in stage is shortened. The bionic non-smooth surface with the pit units has a chip storage function, the pit units uniformly distributed on the non-smooth surface can store abrasive chips generated on the surface of a friction pair during friction, the damage of the abrasive chips to the friction surface is avoided to a great extent, and the generation of abrasive wear is avoided to a certain extent. The bionic non-smooth surface with the pit units has positive influence on hydrodynamic lubrication of the surface of the friction pair, the bionic non-smooth surface with the pit units is like a 'brush with oil storage and supply functions', a layer of uniform oil film is formed between the friction surfaces in the friction process, the thickness of the oil film is thicker than that of the oil film formed by a common sliding rail, and meanwhile, a 'cavity' effect caused by the bionic non-smooth surface can enable the lubricating oil film between the friction surfaces to exist stably. Under the working condition, the local stress of the bionic non-smooth surface with the pit units is smaller than that of the surface of the common friction surface, so that the stress distribution of the friction surface is effectively improved, and the probability of sliding plow injury during the working of the sliding guide rail is reduced. Therefore, compared with the common sliding guide rail made of the same base material, the sliding guide rail with the bionic non-smooth surface with the uniformly distributed pit units has remarkable wear resistance and resistance reduction, the service life is prolonged, and the creeping phenomenon can be effectively avoided under the working condition of low speed and heavy load.
Has the beneficial effects.
The bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail can obviously improve the wear resistance of the working surface of the sliding guide rail, simultaneously reduce the friction force of the sliding guide rail during working, improve the lubricating property between the sliding block and the sliding guide rail, obviously prolong the service life and improve the mechanical property of the bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail compared with a smooth guide rail with the same base material, and simultaneously reduce the occurrence of creeping phenomenon under the working condition of low speed and heavy load.
The bionic non-smooth working surface of the bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail is formed by high-speed milling through the ball-end milling cutter, the bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail has regular pit-shaped surface appearance, and the structural size of the appearance unit is larger than that of a bionic non-smooth surface processed through laser, the range of the size of the surface appearance unit which can be processed through changing the cutting condition is larger, the processing efficiency is high, and the processing economy is good.
Description of the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail.
FIG. 2 shows the appearance of a pit on the surface of a dung beetle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a bionic non-smooth surface of the bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail.
Fig. 4 is a simulated non-smooth surface generated using Matlab simulation.
FIG. 5 is a high speed milling of a ball nose mill to form a biomimetic non-smooth surface.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a sliding guide model according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
The ball-end milling cutter is adopted for high-speed milling, the inclination angle of the milling cutter and the working surface of the sliding guide rail is within the range of 20-30 degrees, the back cutting depth of the milling cutter is 0.1-0.25 mm, the relation between the processing line spacing and the feeding amount of each tooth of the milling cutter is 2:1, the feeding amount of each tooth of the milling cutter is 0.1-0.5 mm/z, and the feeding direction of the milling cutter is parallel to the sliding direction of a sliding block when the guide rail works. Regular quadrilateral pit-shaped surface appearance can be processed on the working surface of the sliding guide rail by adjusting milling parameters, and the quadrilateral pits are uniformly distributed. Experiments verify that when the working surface of the sliding guide rail is uniformly provided with quadrilateral pits with the depth of 0.05mm, the length of 0.706mm and the width of 0.351mm, under the same experimental conditions, the service life of the sliding guide rail with the bionic non-smooth surface is about 1.4 times that of a sliding guide rail with a smooth surface made of the same base material, the friction force is about 0.7 times that of the sliding guide rail with the smooth surface made of the same base material, and the cost for processing the bionic non-smooth surface is only improved by about 7%.
Claims (5)
1. A bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail is characterized in that quadrilateral pits with the length-width ratio of 2:1 are distributed on the working surface of the sliding guide rail, and the depth of each pit is 0.01-0.1 mm.
2. The bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail according to claim 1, wherein the pit unit bodies are uniformly distributed on the working surface of the guide rail, and the length of the pit units is 0.5-1 mm.
3. The biomimetic abrasion-resistant sliding guide rail according to claim 1, wherein the uniformly distributed dimple elements on the working surface of the sliding guide rail are substantially the same shape and size, and have good surface integrity.
4. The bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail according to claim 1, wherein the bionic wear-resistant working surface of the sliding guide rail is formed by high-speed milling with a ball-end mill, the feeding direction of the ball-end mill is parallel to the sliding direction of the sliding block relative to the sliding guide rail, the feeding direction is the same in the whole milling process, and the relation between the milling row spacing and the feeding amount of each tooth is 2: 1.
5. The bionic wear-resistant working surface of the sliding guide rail according to claim 4 is formed by high-speed milling with a ball-end milling cutter, the inclination angle between the ball-end milling cutter and the working surface of the bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail is about 25 degrees, and the initial phase difference of each row of cutter teeth is 0.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911064100.XA CN112025328A (en) | 2019-11-04 | 2019-11-04 | Bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail and high-speed milling manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN201911064100.XA CN112025328A (en) | 2019-11-04 | 2019-11-04 | Bionic wear-resistant sliding guide rail and high-speed milling manufacturing method thereof |
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050025894A1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-03 | Luquan Ren | Method of improving the wear resistance performance of mechanical component |
| CN1793700A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2006-06-28 | 吉林大学 | Bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel |
| CN104786069A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-07-22 | 长春大学 | Coupling bionic sliding machine tool guide rail and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105480012A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江大学 | High speed train wheel with bionic non-smooth surface |
| CN106862198A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-06-20 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of bionical cleaning device of Alternative manifold type pipe inwall and its clean method |
| CN211804822U (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-10-30 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Sliding guide rail with bionic non-smooth surface |
-
2019
- 2019-11-04 CN CN201911064100.XA patent/CN112025328A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050025894A1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-03 | Luquan Ren | Method of improving the wear resistance performance of mechanical component |
| CN1793700A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2006-06-28 | 吉林大学 | Bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel |
| CN104786069A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-07-22 | 长春大学 | Coupling bionic sliding machine tool guide rail and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105480012A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江大学 | High speed train wheel with bionic non-smooth surface |
| CN106862198A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-06-20 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of bionical cleaning device of Alternative manifold type pipe inwall and its clean method |
| CN211804822U (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-10-30 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Sliding guide rail with bionic non-smooth surface |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王政: "仿生表面微结构减阻优化及机理研究综述", 《河北科技大学学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20201204 |