CN112021050A - Green method for preventing and controlling potato scab - Google Patents
Green method for preventing and controlling potato scab Download PDFInfo
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato pathogenic bacteria prevention and control, and particularly relates to a green method for preventing and controlling potato scab, which comprises the following preparation steps: (1) soil preparation; (2) seed cutting: cutting the seed potatoes after germination acceleration, and dressing the seed with a medicament I at the cut; (3) sowing; (4) drip irrigation; (5) root irrigation: irrigating roots of the potatoes with a medicament II at the initial stage of formation of potato tubers; (6) performing conventional field management, and harvesting potatoes; the medicament I is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: chinese mahonia, phellodendron, groundsel, radix sophorae flavescentis, garden burnet, coptis, pomegranate rind and fructus kochiae; the medicament II is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: pericarpium Zanthoxyli, semen Hydnocarpi, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, fructus Kochiae, fructus Cnidii, and cortex Dictamni Radicis. The method can effectively prevent and treat potato scab, does not cause pesticide residue, is green and environment-friendly, and can also obviously improve the yield of potatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato pathogenic bacteria prevention and control, and particularly relates to a method for green prevention and control of potato scab.
Background
The potato is the fourth major food crop in China and has important significance for guaranteeing the food safety in China. Especially in many poor mountainous areas, planting potatoes has become an important way for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. However, due to the potato scab, nearly round suberized light brown scab-shaped plaques appear on the surfaces of tubers, the appearance of the potato blocks is not good, the quality is influenced, the grades of the potato blocks are reduced, and the potato blocks cannot be sold at a good price. The potato scab pathogen can overwinter in soil, takes spores as an infection body, and invades skin pores or wounds to cause diseases by means of the transmission of insect activities and the like. In recent years, potato scab has been increasing from north to south. How to effectively prevent and control potato scab is a great problem facing the potato industry. At present, the potato scab disease is mainly prevented and controlled by soaking seeds in chemical bactericides such as formaldehyde, so that the formaldehyde residue of potato blocks is easy to exceed the standard, pathogenic bacteria generate drug resistance, and side effects are generated on the environment. In order to reduce the use of high-toxicity chemical pesticides and improve the appearance and quality of commercial potatoes, the development of a green cultivation method which has good effect of controlling potato scab and has no pollution to the environment is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for green prevention and control of potato scab, which mainly solves the problems of potato appearance quality reduction, undesirable chemical prevention and control effect, serious pesticide residue and the like caused by potato scab.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for green prevention and control of potato scab comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) land preparation: plowing according to the specification that the ridge width is 70-80cm, the ridge height is 20-25cm and the distance between two ridges is 35-40cm, arranging potato planting ridges according to the specification of 1000-1500 kg/667 m2Applying special fertilizer on the ridge surface, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm;
(2) seed cutting: cutting the seed potatoes after germination acceleration, and dressing the seed with a medicament I at the cut;
(3) sowing: sowing the cut potato blocks on the arranged ridge surface, wherein the planting row spacing is 35-40cm, and the planting row spacing is 20-25 cm;
(4) drip irrigation: the drip irrigation pipes are laid on the surfaces of the planting furrows, and then mulching films are covered, so that water and fertilizer required in the middle and later growth periods of the potatoes can be carried out through the drip irrigation pipes;
(5) root irrigation: during the initial stage of formation of potato tubers, the root irrigation treatment is carried out by mixing the medicament II with 2000 times of water, the root irrigation is carried out once every 5-7 days, and the root irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times continuously;
(6) and (5) performing conventional field management, and harvesting the potatoes.
The special fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-85 parts of compost materials, 3-5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-1.5 parts of quintozene, 20-30 parts of crushed cornstalks and 10-20 parts of crushed bean stalks, uniformly mixing all the raw materials, composting, and composting at room temperature for 30-45 days to obtain the special fertilizer, wherein the compost materials are formed by composting and fermenting animal wastes.
The medicament I is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 34-45 parts of Chinese mahonia, 16-26 parts of golden cypress, 20-30 parts of groundsel, 20-30 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-20 parts of garden burnet, 8-15 parts of coptis chinensis, 15-25 parts of pomegranate rind and 12-22 parts of fructus kochiae.
The medicament II is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 15-25 parts of chaulmoogratree seed, 18-32 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 27-37 parts of fructus kochiae, 20-30 parts of fructus cnidii and 35-45 parts of cortex dictamni.
The preparation method of the medicament I comprises the following steps: mixing Chinese Mahonia, cortex Phellodendri, Concha Haliotidis, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, radix Sangusorbae, Coptidis rhizoma, pericarpium Granati and Kochiae fructus uniformly, pulverizing, sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve, mixing per gram of total raw materials, adding 2.5-2.8kg of water, boiling for 60-70min, filtering, and cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the medicament II comprises the following steps: mixing fructus Zanthoxyli, semen Hydnocarpi, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Kochiae fructus, fructus Cnidii and cortex Dictamni Radicis uniformly, pulverizing, sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve, adding water 1.2-1.4kg per kg of total mixed medicinal powder, boiling for 110min, filtering, and cooling to room temperature.
The dosage of the medicament I is 200 kg of potato seeds, and 13-16 kg of the medicament I is used. The seed potato is sprayed with the agent I evenly and then added with 7 to 15 kilograms of double flying powder to be stirred evenly.
The dosage of the medicament II is 667m each time218-22 ml of the medicament II is used.
In order to better prevent and control potato scab, the special fertilizer disclosed by the invention preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 82 parts of compost materials, 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.2 parts of quintozene, 26 parts of crushed cornstalks and 15 parts of crushed bean stalks.
In order to obtain better prevention and control effects, the medicament I is preferably prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 39 parts of mahonia fortunei, 21 parts of phellodendron, 26 parts of groundsel, 24 parts of sophora flavescens, 15 parts of garden burnet, 12 parts of coptis chinensis, 19 parts of pomegranate rind and 17 parts of belvedere fruit.
In order to obtain better prevention and control effects, the medicament II is preferably prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 30 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 20 parts of chaulmoogra, 25 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 32 parts of fructus kochiae, 25 parts of fructus cnidii and 40 parts of cortex dictamni.
The traditional Chinese medicine raw materials provided by the invention are as follows:
mahonia is Mahonia aquifolium Mahoniae (Mahonia aquifolium) Fedde of Mahonia of berberidaceae, and its sun-dried leaves are used as medicine. Mahonia angustifolia, has inhibitory effect on Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus A, and Bacillus subtilis.
Cortex Phellodendri is dried bark of Phellodendron chinense Schneid of Rutaceae. Cortex Phellodendri contains berberine, jateorhizine, magnoflorine, phellodendrine, N-methyl hordenine, tetrandrine, dauricine, etc.; and further contains obacunone, obacunlactone, dictamnolide, obacunone acid, green fluorescent acid, 7-dehydrostigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, and campesterol.
Herba Senecionis Scandentis is Senecio scandens Buch-ham of Senecio in Compositae, and is used as the whole herb. It contains fisetin (flavoxanthin), chrysanthemin (chrysanthema xanthin), flavone, tannin, alkaloid, etc.
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis is dried root of Sophora flavescens ait. Its root contains various alkaloids: d-matrine, d-oxymatrine, sophocarpol l-fetida alkali, l-methyl laburnine, l-anabasine and sophocarpine. Also contains flavonoid: xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, 3, 4', 5-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-isopentenyl flavone, 8-isopentenyl kaempferol, etc.
The radix Sangusorbae is root of Sanguisorba officinalis L. It contains sanguisorba glycoside I, gallic acid, sanguisorbain, 1, 2, 6-tri-galloyl-beta-D-glucose, sanguisorbin II, and aglycon 19-alpha-hydroxy ursolic acid. In addition, it contains sanguisorba glycoside, quercetin-3-galactose-7-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, sanguisorbin A, sanguisorbin B, sanguisorbin E, aglycon ursolic acid, and catechin.
The Coptidis rhizoma is dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch of Ranunculaceae. It contains berberine, and contains berberine, methyl berberine, tetrandrine, berberrubine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, jateorhizine, etc.
The pericarpium Granati is dry pericarp of Punica Granati L. It contains punicalin, tannin, wax, mannitol, mucilage, gallic acid, malic acid, pectin, inulin, punicaline, and isopunicaline.
The Kochia scoparia is dried mature fruit of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. of Chenopodiaceae. It contains kochiae fructus saponin Ic, oleanolic acid 28-O-p-D-glucopyranose ester glycoside, cedrene, 20-hydroxy-24-methyl ecdysone, etc.
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli (also known as Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) is mature pericarp of green pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum L.) belonging to Rutaceae. It contains volatile oil containing limonene, cumic alcohol, geraniol, etc. Also contains 1, 8-cineole, myrcene, vanilline, esculetin, anethole, and thujene. Resisting experimental gastric ulcer, bidirectional action on intestinal smooth muscle movement, resisting diarrhea, protecting liver, tranquilizing, relieving inflammation, local anesthesia, resisting blood coagulation, and killing scabies mite. Pharmacological experiments show that the pericarp injection has the effects of relieving pain and anaesthetizing; geraniol can cause in vitro intestinal tube peristalsis in a small amount and inhibit in a large amount; the decoction has inhibitory effect on Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, pneumococcus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus paratyphi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the contained volatile oil can be used for treating ascariasis and enterobiasis.
The semen Hydnocarpi is dried mature seed of Alangium chinense of Hydnocarpus of Hydnocarpi family. It is rich in oil, and the main components of the oil are chaulmoogra oleic acid, sub-chaulmoogra oleic acid, etc. It can inhibit trichophyton botani and microsporum; reducing blood fat; anti-inflammatory; and (3) resisting tumors.
Fructus Cnidii is dried mature fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. It contains volatile oil, and mainly comprises pinine, isovalerian borneol ester, parsley phenol methyl ether, dihydrocarveol, bergapten, osthole, and isoanisic apigenin. In addition, it contains components such as camphene, isoimperatorin, Columbia lactone, bornyl acetate, limonene, 3-sitosterol, etc.
The cortex Dictamni Radicis is dried root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz of Rutaceae. It contains dictamnine, skimmianine, fraxinellone, phellodendron ketone, psoralen, xanthotoxin, quercetin, isoquercetin, etc.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the soil preparation step, the method of the invention applies the special fertilizer for composting to improve the soil fertility and make the soil more loose, thereby providing sufficient nutrition for the growth of potato tubers; the potato scab prevention and treatment agent I is used for disinfecting the incision in seed cutting, so that the capability of resisting pathogen invasion of the potato is improved; the method is characterized in that at the initial stage of formation of potato tubers, the potato scab prevention and control agent II is added with water to irrigate roots, and the activity of pathogenic bacteria is passivated, so that the genes and cells of the potato scab prevention and control agent II are effectively destroyed, the replication of the pathogenic bacteria is inhibited, the agent is applied before diseases occur, the cost is saved, the potato scab prevention and control agent II can effectively prevent and control the potato scab, pesticide residues are avoided, and the problems of reduced appearance quality, unsatisfactory chemical prevention and control effect, serious pesticide residues and the like of potatoes caused by the potato scab are effectively solved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Land preparation: performing field experiment by establishing scientific research base in waring of Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences, ploughing according to average ridge width of 70cm, average ridge height of 20cm, and average distance between two ridges of 35cm, making into potato planting ridge, and processing into potato planting ridge according to 1000 kg/667 m2The fertilizing amount is that special fertilizer is applied on the surface of the ridge, and then a layer of soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered, wherein the special fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials: 80 kg of compost, 5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1 kg of quintozene, 20 kg of crushed corn stalks and 10 kg of crushed bean stalks are mixed uniformly, and the mixture is composted for 30 days to obtain the special fertilizer, wherein the compost is prepared by composting animal wastesFermenting to obtain the finished product;
(2) seed cutting: cutting the pregerminated Xingjia No. 2 potato seeds, and dressing seeds with 16 kg of a medicament I according to 200 kg of the cut;
(3) sowing: sowing the cut potato blocks on the arranged ridge surface, wherein the average row spacing of the planting is 35cm, and the average plant spacing is 20 cm;
(4) drip irrigation: the drip irrigation pipes are laid on the surfaces of the planting furrows, and then mulching films are covered, so that water and fertilizer required in the middle and later growth periods of the potatoes can be carried out through the drip irrigation pipes;
(5) root irrigation: mixing 1000 times of water with medicine II at the initial stage of potato tuber formation, irrigating root once every 7 days, and irrigating root 2 times continuously, wherein the dosage of each time is 667m2Using 18 ml of the medicament II;
(6) and (5) performing conventional field management, and harvesting the potatoes.
The preparation method of the medicament I comprises the following steps: taking 34 g of Chinese mahonia, 26 g of phellodendron, 20 g of groundsel, 30 g of sophora flavescens, 10 g of sanguisorba, 8 g of coptis, 25 g of pomegranate rind and 12 g of fructus kochiae, crushing, sieving by a 60-mesh sieve, mixing the total raw materials per gram, adding 2.5kg of water, boiling for 60min, filtering and cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the medicament II comprises the following steps: taking 35 g of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 15 g of chaulmoogratree seed, 18 g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 37 g of fructus kochiae, 30 g of fructus cnidii and 35 g of cortex dictamni, crushing, sieving by a 60-mesh sieve, adding 1.2kg of water into each kg of mixed total medicinal powder, boiling for 110min, filtering and cooling to room temperature to obtain the medicament II.
Example 2
(1) Land preparation: performing field experiment by establishing scientific research base in Wuming Rili of Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences, ploughing according to the specification of ridge width of 80cm, ridge height of 25cm and distance between two ridges of 40cm, arranging into potato planting ridge, and processing according to 1300 kg/667 m2The fertilizing amount of the special fertilizer is that the special fertilizer is applied on the surface of the ridge, and then a layer of soil with the thickness of 5cm is covered, wherein the special fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 82 kg of compost materials, 4kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.2kg of quintozene, 26 kg of crushed cornstalks and 15 kg of crushed bean stalks are evenly mixed and piled up for 35 days to obtain special fertilizer, wherein the compost materials are formed by composting and fermenting animal wastes;
(2) seed cutting: cutting the seeds of the Xingjia No. 2 potato after germination acceleration, and dressing seeds of 200 kg of potato seeds by using 15 kg of a medicament I;
(3) sowing: sowing the cut potato blocks on the arranged ridge surface, wherein the planting row spacing is 40cm, and the planting row spacing is 20 cm;
(4) drip irrigation: the drip irrigation pipes are laid on the surfaces of the planting furrows, and then mulching films are covered, so that water and fertilizer required in the middle and later growth periods of the potatoes can be carried out through the drip irrigation pipes;
(5) root irrigation: mixing 1500 times of water with medicine II at the initial stage of potato tuber formation, irrigating root once every 6 days, and irrigating root 2 times continuously, wherein the dosage of each time is 667m220 ml of the medicament II is used;
(6) and (5) performing conventional field management, and harvesting the potatoes.
The preparation method of the medicament I comprises the following steps: taking 39 g of Chinese mahonia, 21 g of golden cypress, 26 g of groundsel, 24 g of lightyellow sophora root, 15 g of garden burnet, 12 g of coptis chinensis, 19 g of pomegranate rind and 17 g of belvedere fruit, crushing, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, mixing the total raw materials according to per gram, adding 2.5kg of water, adding kg of water, boiling for 65min, filtering and cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the medicament II comprises the following steps: 30 g of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 20 g of chaulmoogra, 25 g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 32 g of fructus kochiae, 25 g of fructus cnidii and 40 g of cortex dictamni are taken, crushed, sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, mixed total medicinal powder per kilogram is added with 1.3kg of water, boiled for 130min, filtered and cooled to room temperature to obtain the medicament II.
Example 3
(1) Land preparation: performing field experiment by establishing scientific research base in waring of Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences, ploughing according to the specification of ridge width of 80cm, ridge height of 25cm and distance between two ridges of 35cm, arranging into potato planting ridge, and planting potato at a speed of 1500 kg/667 m2The fertilizing amount of the special fertilizer is that the special fertilizer is applied on the surface of the ridge, and then a layer of soil with the thickness of 5cm is covered, wherein the special fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 85 kg of compost materials, 3kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1 kg of quintozene, 30 kg of crushed cornstalks and 20 kg of crushed bean stalks, uniformly mixing all the raw materials, and composting for 45 days to obtain special fertilizer, wherein the compost materials are formed by composting and fermenting animal wastes;
(2) seed cutting: cutting the seeds of the Xingjia No. 2 potato after germination acceleration, and dressing the seeds with 13 kg of the medicament I according to 200 kg of the cut;
(3) sowing: sowing the cut potato blocks on the arranged ridge surface, wherein the planting row spacing is 40cm, and the planting row spacing is 20 cm;
(4) drip irrigation: the drip irrigation pipes are laid on the surfaces of the planting furrows, and then mulching films are covered, so that water and fertilizer required in the middle and later growth periods of the potatoes can be carried out through the drip irrigation pipes;
(5) root irrigation: mixing the powder II with 2000 times of water at the initial stage of potato tuber formation, irrigating root once every 5 days, and irrigating root 3 times continuously, wherein the dosage of each time is 667m222 ml of the medicament II;
(6) and (4) performing conventional field management, and harvesting the potatoes.
The preparation method of the medicament I comprises the following steps: taking 45 g of Chinese mahonia, 16 g of golden cypress, 30 g of groundsel, 20 g of lightyellow sophora root, 20 g of garden burnet, 15 g of coptis chinensis, 15 g of pomegranate rind and 22 g of belvedere fruit, crushing, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, mixing the total raw materials per gram, adding 2.5kg of water, boiling for 70min, filtering and cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the medicament II comprises the following steps: taking 25 g of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 25 g of chaulmoogratree seed, 32 g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 27 g of fructus kochiae, 20 g of fructus cnidii and 45 g of cortex dictamni, crushing, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, adding 1.4kg of water into each kg of mixed total medicinal powder, boiling for 150min, filtering and cooling to room temperature to obtain the medicament II.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 2 is: in the step (2), the seeds are mixed without using the medicament I, and are mixed with plant ash. The remaining steps and parameters were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is: step (5) was not included, and the remaining steps and parameters were the same as those of example 2.
The parts not mentioned in the above examples and comparative examples were managed according to the conventional art.
Test example: prevention and treatment effect on potato scab
1. Adopting block design, each example and comparative example respectively and correspondingly selects 3 cells as field test areas, and the area of each cell is15m2And planting and processing according to the methods of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2, and counting the number of harvested tubers and the number of diseased tubers in each cell after harvesting.
2. Grading standard of scab incidence:
level 0: the potato peel is healthy and has no disease spots;
level 1: the potato peel is basically healthy, has 1-2 sporadic lesions, and occupies 1/4 the area of which is not more than the surface area of the potato peel;
and 2, stage: 3-5 disease spots are formed on the surface of the potato peel, and the occupied area of the disease spots is 1/4-1/3 of the surface area of the potato peel;
and 3, level: 5-10 disease spots are formed on the surface of the potato skin, and the occupied area of the disease spots accounts for 1/3-1/2 of the area of the potato skin;
4, level: the disease is seriously affected, more than 10 disease spots are formed, or the area of the disease spots exceeds 1/2 of the surface area of the potato peels.
3. The statistical method comprises the following steps:
the incidence rate is the number of tubers with diseases per cell/the number of tubers harvested per cell multiplied by 100 percent;
the disease index ═ (number of diseased tubers × representative value of the number of diseased tubers)/(number of tubers harvested per cell × representative value of the highest number of diseased tubers) × 100%.
4. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different examples and comparative examples on the prevention and treatment of potato scab
As can be seen from Table 1, the incidence and disease index of potato scab were many times higher than those of examples 1-3 in comparative example 1 in which the treatment of agent I was changed to the treatment of plant ash and comparative example 2 in which no treatment of agent II was carried out at the early stage of potato tuber formation, and 667m was used2The yield is much lower than that of the examples 1 to 3, which shows that the medicament I and the medicament II used in the method for green prevention and control of potato scab not only can effectively prevent and control the potato scab, but also can obviously improve the yield of potatoes.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for green prevention and control of potato scab is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(1) land preparation: plowing according to the specification that the ridge width is 70-80cm, the ridge height is 20-25cm and the distance between two ridges is 35-40cm, arranging potato planting ridges according to the specification of 1000-1500 kg/667 m2Applying special fertilizer on the ridge surface, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm;
(2) seed cutting: cutting the seed potatoes after germination acceleration, and dressing the seed with a medicament I at the cut;
(3) sowing: sowing the cut potato blocks on the arranged ridge surface, wherein the planting row spacing is 35-40cm, and the planting row spacing is 20-25 cm;
(4) drip irrigation: the drip irrigation pipes are laid on the surfaces of the planting furrows, and then mulching films are covered, so that water and fertilizer required in the middle and later growth periods of the potatoes can be carried out through the drip irrigation pipes;
(5) root irrigation: during the initial stage of formation of potato tubers, the root irrigation treatment is carried out by mixing the medicament II with 2000 times of water, the root irrigation is carried out once every 5-7 days, and the root irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times continuously;
(6) performing conventional field management, and harvesting potatoes;
the special fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-85 parts of compost materials, 3-5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-1.5 parts of quintozene, 20-30 parts of crushed cornstalks and 10-20 parts of crushed bean stalks, uniformly mixing all the raw materials, and composting to obtain a special fertilizer, wherein the compost materials are formed by composting and fermenting animal wastes;
the medicament I is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 34-45 parts of Chinese mahonia, 16-26 parts of golden cypress, 20-30 parts of groundsel, 20-30 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-20 parts of garden burnet, 8-15 parts of coptis chinensis, 15-25 parts of pomegranate rind and 12-22 parts of belvedere fruit;
the medicament II is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 15-25 parts of chaulmoogratree seed, 18-32 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 27-37 parts of fructus kochiae, 20-30 parts of fructus cnidii and 35-45 parts of cortex dictamni.
2. The method for green prevention and control of potato scab as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the medicament I comprises the following steps: mixing Chinese Mahonia, cortex Phellodendri, Concha Haliotidis, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, radix Sangusorbae, Coptidis rhizoma, pericarpium Granati and Kochiae fructus uniformly, pulverizing, sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve, mixing per gram of total raw materials, adding 2.5-2.8kg of water, boiling for 60-70min, filtering, and cooling to room temperature.
3. The method for green prevention and control of potato scab as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the medicament II comprises the following steps: mixing fructus Zanthoxyli, semen Hydnocarpi, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Kochiae fructus, fructus Cnidii and cortex Dictamni Radicis uniformly, pulverizing, sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve, adding water 1.2-1.4kg per kg of total mixed medicinal powder, boiling for 110min, filtering, and cooling to room temperature.
4. The method for green prevention and control of potato scab as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dosage of the medicament I is 200 kg of potato seeds, and 13-16 kg of the medicament I is used.
5. The method for green prevention and control of potato scab as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dosage of the medicament II is 667m each time218-22 ml of the medicament II is used.
6. The method for green prevention and control of potato scab as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the special fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 82 parts of compost materials, 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.2 parts of quintozene, 26 parts of crushed cornstalks and 15 parts of crushed bean stalks.
7. The method for green prevention and control of potato scab as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the medicament I is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 39 parts of mahonia fortunei, 21 parts of phellodendron, 26 parts of groundsel, 24 parts of sophora flavescens, 15 parts of garden burnet, 12 parts of coptis chinensis, 19 parts of pomegranate rind and 17 parts of belvedere fruit.
8. The method for green prevention and control of potato scab as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the medicament II is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 30 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 20 parts of chaulmoogra, 25 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 32 parts of fructus kochiae, 25 parts of fructus cnidii and 40 parts of cortex dictamni.
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