CN112014793B - Two-dimensional direction finding system and method based on directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array - Google Patents
Two-dimensional direction finding system and method based on directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
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Abstract
The application provides a two-dimensional direction finding system and a two-dimensional direction finding method based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, wherein the two-dimensional direction finding system comprises the following steps: the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, a radio frequency switch module, a receiving radio frequency channel module, a signal processing module (8), a control module (9) and a driving module (10); the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is connected with the radio frequency switch module; the radio frequency switch module is connected with the receiving radio frequency channel module; the receiving radio frequency channel module is connected with the signal processing module (8); the control module (9) is respectively connected with the radio frequency switch module and the driving module (10); the driving module (10) is connected with the pattern reconfigurable antenna array. The two-dimensional direction finding is realized by using the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and the complexity and the cost of the system are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to a two-dimensional direction finding system and method based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array.
Background
The direction finding technology is widely applied to the fields of mobile communication, navigation, electronic reconnaissance and the like. Typical direction finding methods include amplitude comparison, phase comparison (coherent direction finding), spatial spectrum estimation methods, and the like. The methods all need to use a plurality of (more than or equal to 3) antenna units to conduct two-dimensional direction finding, and have the advantages of complex hardware structure, large volume and high cost.
The conventional amplitude-comparison direction-finding method can judge the direction of a target by utilizing two identical beams which are partially overlapped with each other and comparing the intensity of signals received by the two beams, and can estimate the angle of the target by using a table look-up method. The method typically uses a pre-constructed one-dimensional table to estimate the azimuth or pitch angle of the incident signal. However, the amplitude differences of the received signals of different antennas are simultaneously related to the azimuth and pitch angles of the incident signals. Therefore, this method has limited direction-finding accuracy and cannot perform two-dimensional high-accuracy direction-finding. From literature search, david Garrido Lopez et al, 2018, article "Wideband Antenna Systems for Millimeter-Wave Amplitude-Only Direction Finding" published in IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation journal, proposed a two-unit contrast direction finding method based on obliquely placed antennas. The disadvantage is that only one-dimensional direction finding can be realized and the antenna array has a large volume.
Patent document CN103439686a discloses a single-channel radio one-dimensional direction finding system based on a two-unit linear array, which uses two antenna units periodically switched controlled by a high-speed radio frequency switch to realize measurement of a target angle by analyzing the frequency spectrum of a received signal. Patent document CN107861095a discloses a single-channel two-dimensional direction finding system based on a four-unit circular array, in which a single-pole four-throw radio frequency switch is used to periodically switch on four antenna units, and the spectrum of a received signal is analyzed to realize measurement of a target angle. The system has the defects that 4 antenna units are needed to realize two-dimensional direction finding, and the complexity, cost and volume of the system are increased. Both patents still leave room for improvement in structure and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the application aims to provide a two-dimensional direction finding system and method based on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array.
According to the application, a two-dimensional direction finding system based on a direction diagram reconfigurable antenna array comprises: the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, a radio frequency switch module, a receiving radio frequency channel module, a signal processing module 8, a control module 9 and a driving module 10; the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is connected with the radio frequency switch module; the radio frequency switch module is connected with the receiving radio frequency channel module; the receiving radio frequency channel module is connected with the signal processing module 8; the control module 9 is respectively connected with the radio frequency switch module and the driving module 10; the drive module 10 is connected to a pattern reconfigurable antenna array.
Preferably, the radio frequency speed of the radio frequency switch module is greater than a set threshold.
Preferably, the pattern reconfigurable antenna array comprises: a two-element pattern reconfigurable antenna; the space between the units of the pattern reconfigurable antenna array is 0.74 lambda 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The antenna element size is 0.74 lambda 0 ×0.7λ 0 Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,for the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental wave component, c is the speed of light, f 0 Is the working frequency;
preferably, the radio frequency switch module includes: a single pole double throw radio frequency switch 2;
the single pole double throw radio frequency switch 2 is capable of periodically selecting different antenna elements to receive signals and feeding into the receive radio frequency channel.
Preferably, the receiving radio frequency channel module includes: an amplifier 3, a mixer 4, a low pass filter 5, an analog-to-digital converter 6, and a local oscillator 7;
the amplifier 3 is connected in sequence;
the noise of the amplifier 3 is smaller than a set threshold;
the local oscillator 7 is connected with the mixer 4;
the receiving radio frequency channel module amplifies the intensity of an incident signal, and converts the radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency after down-conversion;
the signal processing module 8 firstly performs spectrum analysis on fundamental wave components and first harmonic components of the received signals in a digital domain when the directional diagram reconstruction antenna array works in an axial mode, and estimates pitch angles of the incident signals;
then, when the directional pattern reconstruction antenna array works in a directional mode, calculating the amplitude difference of signals received by two antenna units, and estimating the azimuth angle of an incident signal by looking up a table;
the control module 9 controls the periodic opening and closing of the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and the output voltage of the driving module 10 through output logic signals;
the driving module 10 outputs different voltages according to different input logic signals of the control module 9, changes the bias voltage of the varactor diode, and further adjusts the working state of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna to realize the switching among different beam directions.
Preferably, the pattern reconfigurable antenna array is disposed along a z-axis;
the antenna array with the reconfigurable directional pattern can reconstruct the directional pattern on the azimuth planeWhen azimuth angle measurement is carried out, the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna works in a directional mode, the beam directions of the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna deviate from the antenna axial directions respectively, and the beam directions are opposite respectivelyAnd->When pitch angle measurement is performed, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna work in an axial mode, and beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are both directed in the axial direction.
Preferably, the signal processing module 8 measures the pitch angle when the pattern reconfigurable antenna works in the axial mode, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein lambda is 0 Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha 0 Is the Fourier coefficient of fundamental wave, alpha 1 Fourier coefficients that are first harmonics;
when the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna works in a directional mode, the azimuth angle is measured, the incident signals received by the two antenna units are sequentially input to the signal processing module 8 through the receiving radio frequency channel by the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch, and the amplitude difference of the received signals of the two antennas is calculatedAcquiring azimuth angle +_corresponding to the amplitude difference delta G according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle theta calculated in the step S1>
The saidCalculated by the following expression:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresents the azimuth and pitch angles of the incident signal, +.>Gain value of reconfigurable antenna in incident signal direction representing first direction diagram, +.>The gain value of the second pattern reconfigurable antenna in the direction of the incident signal is represented.
According to the two-dimensional direction finding method based on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, provided by the application, a two-dimensional direction finding system based on the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is adopted, and the two-dimensional direction finding method comprises the following steps:
step S1, the working state of the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be an axial mode;
the incident signals received by the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are modulated by a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch to generate fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components, and the fundamental wave components and the harmonic wave components are fed into a signal processing module 8 to carry out Fourier transformation through a receiving radio frequency channel so as to obtain Fourier coefficients of fundamental waves and harmonic waves;
finally, the incident signal pitch angle θ is calculated by the following expression:
wherein lambda is 0 Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha 0 Is the Fourier coefficient of fundamental wave, alpha 1 Fourier coefficients that are first harmonics;
the two-element pattern reconfigurable antenna comprises: a first pattern reconfigurable antenna, a second pattern reconfigurable antenna;
step S2: adjusting the working mode of the reconfigurable antenna of the first directional diagram to be a directional mode, and directing the beam to beThe working mode of the second pattern reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be a directional mode, and the beam direction is +.>
At this time, the beams of the first and second directional diagram reconfigurable antennas point to opposite directions, respectively;
the two units of the directional diagram can reconstruct the incident signals received by the antennaAnd->The amplitude difference of the received signals of the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is calculated and obtained by inputting the signals to the signal processing module 8 through the receiving radio frequency channel sequentially through the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch>Acquiring azimuth angle +_corresponding to the amplitude difference delta G according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle theta calculated in the step S1>
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
step S2.1:calculated by the following expression:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresents the azimuth and pitch angles of the incident signal, +.>Gain value of reconfigurable antenna in incident signal direction representing first direction diagram, +.>The gain value of the second pattern reconfigurable antenna in the direction of the incident signal is represented.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the two-dimensional direction finding is realized by using the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and the complexity and the cost of the system are reduced.
2. According to the application, the pitch angle of the incident signal is irrelevant to the azimuth angle of the incident signal when the pitch angle of the incident signal is measured, so that the measurement accuracy of the pitch angle is improved.
3. According to the application, the azimuth angle corresponding to the measured amplitude difference can be accurately obtained by using the measured pitch angle and the pre-constructed two-dimensional amplitude comparison table, so that the accuracy of the amplitude comparison method direction finding is improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a basic block diagram of a two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the spatial location and coordinate system definition of a reconfigurable antenna array according to the present application;
fig. 3 shows the elevation of two antenna elements operating in axial mode (beam pointing 0) according to an embodiment of the applicationGain pattern;
fig. 4 is a gain pattern of the azimuth plane (θ=0°) of the two antenna elements operating in the directional mode (beam pointing ±30°) according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a graph showing gain difference between different elevation planes (θ= -40 °,0 °,40 °) when two antenna units are operated in a directional mode (beam pointing ±30);
fig. 6 shows the direction finding error when two antenna units of the embodiment of the application are operated in the directional mode (beam direction ±30) to perform two-dimensional measurement on pitch angle and azimuth angle;
in the figure: the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array 1, a single-pole double-throw high-speed radio frequency switch 2, a low-noise amplifier 3, a mixer 4, a low-pass filter 5, an analog-to-digital converter 6, a local oscillator 7, a signal processing module 8, a control module 9 and a driving module 10.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present application, but are not intended to limit the application in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array includes a pattern reconfigurable antenna array, a high-speed radio frequency switch module, a receiving radio frequency channel module, a signal processing module, a control module, and a driving module. The receiving radio frequency channel module comprises a low noise amplifier 3, a mixer 4, a low pass filter 5, an analog-to-digital converter 6 and a local oscillator 7 connected with the mixer 4. The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array 1 is connected with a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2, the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2 is connected with a low noise amplifier 3, the low noise amplifier 3 is connected with a mixer 4, the mixer 4 is simultaneously connected with a low-pass filter 5 and a local oscillator 7, the low-pass filter 5 is connected with an analog-to-digital converter 6, the analog-to-digital converter 6 is connected with a signal processing module 8, the control module 9 is simultaneously connected with a high-speed radio frequency switch module 2 and a driving module 10, and the driving module 10 is connected with the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array 1;
further, the pattern reconfigurable antenna array includes a two-element pattern reconfigurable antenna array 1. The antenna unit is a directional diagram reconstruction antenna loaded with a varactor diode, and the size is 0.74 lambda 0 ×0.7λ 0 The scanning of beam pointing and pattern zero can be achieved by adjusting the capacitance of the varactors. The antenna element spacing is 0.74 lambda 0 And the direction diagram can be reconstructed on the azimuth plane by placing along the z axis. When azimuth angle measurement is carried out, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are both operated in a directional mode, the beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are respectively deviated from the axial directions of the antennas, and the beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are respectively oppositeAndwhen pitch angle measurement is performed, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna work in an axial mode, and beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are both directed in the axial direction.
Further, when pitch angle measurement is performed, the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2 periodically selects different antenna units to receive signals and feeds the signals into the receiving radio frequency channel. The signal fed into the receiving radio frequency channel not only comprises the original frequency spectrum component, but also comprises the frequency f switched by the radio frequency switch p Each subharmonic component generated for a period; when azimuth angle measurement is carried out, the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 2 sequentially sends signals received by the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna into the signal processing module 8 through a receiving radio frequency channel;
further, the signal processing module 8 performs spectrum analysis on the fundamental component and the first harmonic component of the received signal when the directional diagram reconstruction antenna array works in the axial mode, and estimates the pitch angle of the incident signal; then, when the directional pattern reconstruction antenna array works in a directional mode, calculating the amplitude difference of signals received by two antenna units, and estimating the azimuth angle of an incident signal by looking up a table;
further, the control module 9 controls the periodic opening and closing of the single pole double throw radio frequency switch and the output voltage of the driving module through the output logic signal. The driving module 10 outputs different voltages according to different logic signals input by the control module, changes the bias voltage of the varactor diode, further adjusts the working state of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and realizes the switching among different beam orientations.
The two-dimensional direction finding system based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the working states of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna to be an axial mode. The incident signals received by the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are modulated by a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch to generate fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components, and the fundamental wave and harmonic wave components are fed into a signal processing module through a receiving radio frequency channel to carry out Fourier transformation, so that Fourier coefficients of fundamental waves and harmonic waves can be obtained. Finally, the incident signal pitch angle (θ) is calculated by the following expression:
wherein lambda is 0 Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha 0 Is the Fourier coefficient of fundamental wave, alpha 1 Is the fourier coefficient of the first harmonic.
Step S2, the working mode of the directional pattern reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be a directional mode, and the beam is directed to beThe working mode of the directional pattern reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be a directional mode, and the beam direction is +.>At this time, the beams of the two antenna elements are respectively directed in opposite directions. Incident signals received by the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antennaAnd->The signal is sequentially input to a signal processing module through a receiving radio frequency channel by a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch, and the amplitude difference of the received signals of the two antennas is calculated>Acquiring azimuth angle +_corresponding to the amplitude difference delta G according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle (theta) calculated in the step S1> Calculated by the following expression:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresents the azimuth and pitch angles of the incident signal, +.>Gain value of reconfigurable antenna in incident signal direction representing first direction diagram, +.>The gain value of the second pattern reconfigurable antenna in the direction of the incident signal is represented.
Examples of implementation of the present embodiment are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the two-dimensional direction finding system based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array is composed of a pattern reconfigurable antenna array 1, a single pole double throw radio frequency switch 2, a radio frequency receiving channel module (including a low noise amplifier 3, a mixer 4, a low pass filter 5, an analog-to-digital converter 6 and a local oscillator 7), a signal processing module 8, a control module 9 and a driving module 10.
As shown in fig. 2, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are placed along the z-axis, the array element spacing is 87mm, the radiation port surface of the antenna is perpendicular to the x-axis, and directional diagram reconstruction can be performed in the azimuth plane.
As shown in fig. 3, the directivity diagram reconfigurable antenna loaded with the varactor diode and the directivity diagram reconfigurable antenna simulated by the second directivity diagram reconfigurable antenna of the embodiment show pitching surfaces when the 2.55GHz frequency point works in the axial modeIs an active gain pattern of (a). From the figure, the patterns of the two antenna units are basically consistent, and the requirement on the consistency of the patterns when the pitching surface is used for direction finding can be met.
Fig. 4 shows an active gain pattern of an azimuth plane (θ=0°) of the 2.55GHz frequency point obtained by simulating the loading varactor-loaded pattern reconfigurable antenna and the second pattern reconfigurable antenna of the implementation example when the implementation example works in the directional mode. As can be seen from the figure, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna beam is pointed at +30°, and the null point is pointed at-30 °; the second pattern reconfigurable antenna beam is directed at-30 deg., and the null is directed at +30 deg.. Both antennas are monotonic over the range of the pattern curve + -30 deg..
As shown in fig. 5, gain interpolation of different azimuth planes (θ= -40 °,0 °, +40°) of the 2.55GHz frequency point obtained by simulating the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna loading the varactor and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna of the implementation example when the frequency point works in the directional modeA curve. As can be seen from the figure, +.>Not only the azimuth but also the pitch angle. The gain difference value is changed within + -16.18 dB within the azimuth angle of + -30 DEG, the linearity is better, and eachThe corresponding gain differences are all unique.
The angle measurement errors obtained by performing the example simulation when two-dimensional direction measurement is performed on the azimuth angle and the pitch angle are shown in fig. 6. The signal source is a single-frequency signal, the carrier frequency is 2.55GHz, the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel is 10dB, and the angular resolution is 0.5 degree. As can be seen from the figure, the angle error is within 1.14 degrees when the pitch angle is measured.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the application. The embodiments of the application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (9)
1. A two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array, comprising: the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array, a radio frequency switch module, a receiving radio frequency channel module, a signal processing module (8), a control module (9) and a driving module (10);
the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna array is connected with the radio frequency switch module;
the radio frequency switch module is connected with the receiving radio frequency channel module;
the receiving radio frequency channel module is connected with the signal processing module (8);
the control module (9) is respectively connected with the radio frequency switch module and the driving module (10);
the driving module (10) is connected with the pattern reconfigurable antenna array.
2. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency speed of the radio frequency switch module is greater than a set threshold.
3. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the pattern reconfigurable antenna array comprises: a two-element pattern reconfigurable antenna (1);
the two-element pattern reconfigurable antenna (1) comprises: a first pattern reconfigurable antenna, a second pattern reconfigurable antenna;
the space between the units of the pattern reconfigurable antenna array is 0.74 lambda 0 ；
The antenna element size is 0.74 lambda 0 ×0.7λ 0 Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,for the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental wave component, c is the speed of light, f 0 Is the operating frequency.
4. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency switch module comprises: a single pole double throw radio frequency switch (2);
the single pole double throw radio frequency switch (2) is capable of periodically selecting different antenna elements to receive signals and feeding into a receiving radio frequency channel.
5. The two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array of claim 1, wherein the receiving radio frequency channel module comprises: an amplifier (3), a mixer (4), a low-pass filter (5), an analog-to-digital converter (6), and a local oscillator (7);
the amplifiers (3) are connected in sequence;
the noise of the amplifier (3) is smaller than a set threshold;
the local oscillator (7) is connected with the mixer (4);
the receiving radio frequency channel module amplifies the intensity of an incident signal, and converts the radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency after down-conversion;
the signal processing module (8) firstly performs frequency spectrum analysis on fundamental wave components and first harmonic wave components of the received signals in a digital domain when the directional diagram reconstruction antenna array works in an axial mode, and obtains a pitch angle estimated value of the incident signals;
then, when the directional pattern reconstruction antenna array works in a directional mode, calculating the amplitude difference of signals received by two antenna units, and obtaining an estimated value of the azimuth angle of an incident signal;
the control module (9) controls the periodic opening and closing of the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and the output voltage of the driving module (10) through output logic signals;
the driving module (10) outputs different voltages according to different input logic signals of the control module (9), and changes the bias voltage of the varactor diode so as to adjust the working state of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna.
6. A two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 3, wherein the pattern reconfigurable antenna array is positioned along the z-axis;
the pattern reconfigurable antenna array can perform pattern reconfiguration on an azimuth plane, and when azimuth angle measurement is performed, the pattern reconfigurable antennas (1) of two units are both usedThe two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna (1) works in a directional mode, the beam directions of the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are respectively deviated from the axial directions of the antenna, and the beam directions are respectively oppositeAnd->When pitch angle measurement is performed, the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna work in an axial mode, and beam directions of the first directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and the second directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are both directed in the axial direction.
7. A two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 3, wherein the signal processing module (8) measures pitch angle when the pattern reconfigurable antenna operates in an axial mode, and the specific calculation formula is:
wherein lambda is 0 Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha 0 Is the Fourier coefficient of fundamental wave, alpha 1 Fourier coefficients that are first harmonics;
when the directional pattern reconfigurable antenna works in a directional mode, the azimuth angle is measured, incident signals received by the two antenna units are sequentially input to the signal processing module (8) through the receiving radio frequency channel by the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch, and the amplitude difference of the received signals of the two antennas is calculatedAcquiring azimuth angle +_corresponding to the amplitude difference delta G according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle (theta) calculated in the step S1>
The saidCalculated by the following expression:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresents the azimuth and pitch angles of the incident signal, +.>Gain value of reconfigurable antenna in incident signal direction representing first direction diagram, +.>The gain value of the second pattern reconfigurable antenna in the direction of the incident signal is represented.
8. A two-dimensional direction finding method based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array, characterized in that the two-dimensional direction finding system based on a pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, comprising:
step S1, the working state of the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna (1) is adjusted to be an axial mode;
the incident signals received by the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna (1) are modulated by a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch to generate fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components, and the fundamental wave components and the harmonic wave components are fed into a signal processing module (8) to perform Fourier transformation through a receiving radio frequency channel to obtain Fourier coefficients of fundamental waves and harmonic waves;
finally, the incident signal pitch angle (θ) is calculated by the following expression:
wherein lambda is 0 Is the free space wavelength value corresponding to the fundamental component, d is the distance between the antenna elements, alpha 0 Is the Fourier coefficient of fundamental wave, alpha 1 Fourier coefficients that are first harmonics;
the two-element pattern reconfigurable antenna (1) comprises: a first pattern reconfigurable antenna, a second pattern reconfigurable antenna;
step S2: adjusting the working mode of the reconfigurable antenna of the first directional diagram to be a directional mode, and directing the beam to beThe working mode of the second pattern reconfigurable antenna is adjusted to be a directional mode, and the beam direction is +.>
At this time, the beams of the first and second directional diagram reconfigurable antennas point to opposite directions, respectively;
the two units of the directional diagram can reconstruct the incident signal received by the antenna (1)And->The signal is sequentially input to a signal processing module (8) through a receiving radio frequency channel by a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch, and the amplitude difference of the signals received by the two-unit directional diagram reconfigurable antenna (1) is calculated>Acquiring azimuth angle +_corresponding to the amplitude difference delta G according to a pre-established two-dimensional amplitude comparison table and the pitch angle (theta) calculated in the step S1>
9. The two-dimensional direction finding method based on the pattern reconfigurable antenna array according to claim 8, wherein the step S2 comprises:
step S2.1:calculated by the following expression:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresents the azimuth and pitch angles of the incident signal, +.>Gain value of reconfigurable antenna in incident signal direction representing first direction diagram, +.>The gain value of the second pattern reconfigurable antenna in the direction of the incident signal is represented.
Priority Applications (1)
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