CN112014274A - System and method for measuring overall average scattering characteristics of aerosol particles - Google Patents
System and method for measuring overall average scattering characteristics of aerosol particles Download PDFInfo
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for measuring the overall average scattering property of aerosol particles, wherein the measuring system takes an inner cavity of an outer shell as a measuring area; the inner shell is arranged in the measuring area, the inner cavity is used as a sample pool, the front side wall and the rear side wall are provided with a pair of window sheets, and the air inlets and the air outlets at the front end and the rear end of the bottom are used for aerosol particles to be pumped in and flow out; a laser light source is emitted by a laser in the measuring area, laser beams in at least four polarization states are formed by modulation of a polarizing prism and a first wave plate rotating wheel, the laser beams enter a sample pool through a small-hole diaphragm and a window on the front side of an inner shell, scattered light formed after interaction with aerosol particles pumped in from an air inlet is detected by a scanning polarization detection module to obtain full Stokes parameters, and the transmitted laser beams after interaction with the aerosol particles are discharged from the sample pool through the window on the rear side of the inner shell and are absorbed by a light trap after being reflected by a reflector. The method can meet the requirement of in-situ nondestructive measurement of the whole matrix element of the aerosol particle overall average scattering property matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement of scattering characteristics of aerosol particles, in particular to a system and a method for measuring the overall average scattering characteristics of aerosol particles.
Background
The aerosol particles influence the balance of planet weather, climate and ground-atmosphere heat balance through direct and indirect radiation effects, the visibility is also reduced, the human health is influenced, and the scattering characteristics of the aerosol particles are always hot points of research. The research and detection of the aerosol characteristics can play a positive role in weather forecast, climate simulation prediction, environmental monitoring, remote sensing application and the like.
Particulate matter scattering properties are typically measured with a nephelometer. Existing particle scattering characteristic turbidimeters can be divided into four major categories, array detector forms, such as Brian Barkey[1]The array type detector turbidimeter developed by the people; ellipsoidal reflective forms, e.g. Jean-Luc Castagner[2]The rapid polarimetric turbidimeter developed by et al; forms of imaging cameras, e.g. Gergely Dolgos[3]Imaging camera polarization turbidimeters developed by others; goniometer format, such as O.
In the scanning turbidimeter developed by et al, the detector is moved back and forth on a circular ring for measurement. However, most of these nephelometers can only measure partial matrix elements of the scattering characteristic matrix of the aerosol particles, usually the first and second matrix elements, and the total number of the scattering characteristic matrix elements is 16; albeit O.
The scanning polarization turbidimeter developed by the people can measure a full matrix element, but the device needs to carry out pretreatment such as collection, crushing, aerosol generation and the like on an aerosol sample, and then the aerosol sample is sprayed to a measuring area through a spray pipe, so that the original shape and particle size of the aerosol can be damagedThe newly generated aerosol obviously has larger difference with the aerosol acquisition source area, and the in-situ measurement can not be realized. At present, no nephelometer can simultaneously meet the requirement of in-situ nondestructive measurement of the whole matrix element of the aerosol particle overall average scattering property matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems at least to a certain extent, provides an aerosol particle overall average scattering characteristic measuring system and a measuring method based on the measuring system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an aerosol particulate matter ensemble average scattering characteristic measurement system which the structural feature is:
taking a sealed inner cavity of the outer shell as a measuring area; the sealed inner shell is arranged in the measuring area, the inner cavity of the sealed inner shell is used as a sample pool, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the sealed inner shell are symmetrically provided with a pair of window sheets, an air inlet and an air outlet which are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the bottom are respectively communicated with the outside through an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, aerosol particles are pumped into the sample pool through the air inlet pipe and enter the sample pool through the air inlet, and;
emitting a laser light source by a laser along a light path in the measuring area, sequentially modulating the laser light source by a polarizing prism and a first wave plate rotating wheel to form laser beams in at least four polarization states, sequentially entering the sample pool through a small-hole diaphragm and a window sheet on the front side wall of the inner shell, detecting scattered light formed after interaction with aerosol particles pumped in from an air inlet by a scanning polarization detection module to obtain a full stokes parameter, enabling the laser beams projected after interaction with the aerosol particles to pass through the window sheet on the rear side wall of the inner shell to exit the sample pool, and absorbing the scattered light by a light trap after being reflected by a reflector in the measuring area;
the scanning polarization detection module sequentially comprises a right-angle prism, a second wave plate rotating wheel, a linear polaroid rotating wheel, a focusing lens and a detector, wherein the right-angle prism, the second wave plate rotating wheel and the linear polaroid rotating wheel are arranged in the sample pool from top to bottom, the focusing lens and the detector are arranged outside the inner shell, the scattered light vertically enters towards the vertical surface of the right-angle prism, is modulated by the second wave plate rotating wheel and the linear polaroid rotating wheel which are arranged right below the horizontal surface of the right-angle prism in sequence, is focused on the detector through the focusing lens, and the detector measures the.
The invention also has the structural characteristics that:
the first wave plate rotating wheel comprises four channels corresponding to each laser waveband and can be switched to any one of the channels in a rotating mode; wherein, the two channels are 1/2 wave plates, one channel is 1/4 wave plates, and the other channel is a hole.
The second wave plate rotating wheel comprises two channels corresponding to each laser waveband, wherein one channel is a hole, the other channel is an 1/4 wave plate, and the second wave plate rotating wheel can be switched to any one channel in a rotating mode; the linear polarizer rotating wheel comprises four channels which are linear polarizers and can be switched to any one channel in a rotating mode.
The right-angle prism can rotate around the optical axis of the focusing lens, the height of the center of the vertical surface is equal to the height of the laser beam, and a distance is reserved between the right-angle prism and the laser beam in the horizontal direction; and an included angle between the scattered light and the laser beam is a scattering angle theta, and the scattered light can be vertically incident to a vertical surface of the right-angle prism.
The polarizing prism is a Glan polarizing prism with high extinction ratio from visible light to infrared broadband, and the extinction ratio is more than 105。
The laser is a continuous laser.
And the inner walls of the outer shell and the inner shell are sprayed with matting paint for matting treatment.
The invention also provides a measurement method based on the aerosol particle overall average scattering characteristic measurement system, and the combined measurement mode of the second wave plate rotating wheel and the linear polarizer rotating wheel is as follows corresponding to each laser wave band: the second wave plate rotating wheel is switched to a hole-free channel, and the linear polarizer rotating wheel is sequentially switched to the channels for 1-3 times of measurement; the second wave plate rotating wheel is switched to an 1/4 wave plate channel, the linear polarizer rotating wheel switching channel 4 measures 1 time, and the full Stokes parameters of the scattered light are measured through 4 times of measurement;
the measurement method based on the aerosol particle overall average scattering characteristic measurement system is carried out according to the following steps:
step 6, rotating the second wave plate rotating wheel to the empty hole channel, and sequentially switching the channels 1-3 by the linear polaroid rotating wheel for 3 times; the second wave plate rotating wheel rotates to 1/4 wave plate channels, and the linear polarizer rotating wheel is switched to channel 4 to measure for 1 time; a total of 4 measurements;
step 8, rotating the first wave plate to the channel 3; repeating the step 6;
and 12, switching the wave band of the laser light source, and repeating the steps 4 to 11.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, four polarized light sources are formed in the form of a wave plate rotating wheel for each laser waveband, and a scanning polarization analysis module is utilized to measure the full Stokes parameters of scattered light and reversely solve the full matrix elements of the scattering characteristic matrix of aerosol particles;
2. the invention adopts the form of directly pumping aerosol particles in situ without pretreating the aerosol, realizes the in-situ nondestructive measurement of the aerosol, and the measurement result is the total average scattering characteristic result of the aerosol particles on the laser beam path;
3. the invention makes up the defects of the prior scattering measurement technology, such as incapability of obtaining the full matrix element of the scattering property matrix or in-situ nondestructive measurement, and the like. The measurement method based on the measurement system of the invention plays a good data support role in the analysis of particle size concentration, shape and size, complex refractive index parameters and the like of aerosol particles, can be used for in-situ monitoring of ground atmospheric pollution conditions, monitoring of particles in working environment, identification of aerosol with virus and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the wheel.
In the figure, 1 laser; 2, polarizing prism; 3 a first wave plate wheel; 4, a small-hole diaphragm; 5 an inner shell; 6 window sheets; 7, a sample cell; 8, an air inlet; 9, air inlet pipe; 10, an air outlet; 11, an air outlet pipe; 12 right-angle prisms; 13 a second wave plate wheel; 14 linear polarizer rotating wheels; 15 a focusing lens; 16 detectors; 17 a mirror; 18 light traps; 19 a laser beam; 20 scattering light; 21 an outer shell; 22 a measurement zone; 23 optical axis; 24 rotating wheels; 25 mounting holes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the aerosol particle overall average scattering property measurement system of the present embodiment uses a sealed inner cavity of an outer shell 21 as a measurement area 22, and the whole measurement system is installed inside the outer shell, so that the requirement on the environment is greatly reduced; the inner shell 5 is arranged in the measuring area, the inner cavity is used as a sample cell 7, the front side wall and the rear side wall are symmetrically provided with a pair of window sheets 6, an air inlet 8 and an air outlet 10 which are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the bottom are respectively communicated with the outside through an air inlet pipe 9 and an air outlet pipe 11, aerosol particles are pumped in through the air inlet pipe 9 and enter the sample cell 7 through the air inlet 8, and flow out of the sample cell 7 through the air outlet pipe 11 at the air outlet 10, and the sample cell 7 is designed in a sealing;
a laser light source emitted by a laser 1 is sequentially modulated by a polarizing prism 2 and a first wave plate rotating wheel 3 to form laser beams 19 in at least four polarization states in a measuring area along a light path, the laser beams 19 sequentially enter a sample pool 7 through an aperture 4 and a window 6 on the front side wall of an inner shell 5, scattered light 20 formed after interaction with aerosol particles pumped from an air inlet 8 is detected by a scanning polarization detection module to obtain a full stokes parameter, the laser beams 19 transmitted after interaction with the aerosol particles are discharged from the sample pool 7 through the window 6 on the rear side wall of the inner shell 5 and are reflected by a reflector 17 in the measuring area and absorbed by a light trap 18;
the scanning polarization analyzing module comprises a right-angle prism 12, a second wave plate rotating wheel 13, a linear polarizer rotating wheel 14, a focusing lens 15 and a detector 16 from top to bottom, wherein the right-angle prism 12, the second wave plate rotating wheel 13 and the linear polarizer rotating wheel 14 are arranged in the sample cell 7, the focusing lens 15 and the detector 16 are arranged outside the inner shell 5, scattered light 20 vertically enters towards the vertical surface of the right-angle prism 12, is modulated by the second wave plate rotating wheel 13 and the linear polarizer rotating wheel 14 which are arranged right below the horizontal surface of the right-angle prism 12, and then is focused on the detector 16 through the focusing lens 15, and the detector. The right angle prism 12, the second wave plate wheel 13, the linearly polarizing plate wheel 14 and the focusing lens 15 outside the inner housing 5 are coaxially mounted and can be swiveled about the central axis.
In specific implementation, the corresponding structural arrangement also includes:
the first wave plate rotating wheel 3 comprises four channels corresponding to each laser waveband and can be switched to any one channel in a rotating mode; wherein, the two channels are 1/2 wave plates, one channel is 1/4 wave plates, and the other channel is a hole. In this embodiment, the laser polarization direction is 0 ° for each laser band, the azimuth angles of the two 1/2 wave plate channels of the first wave plate wheel 3 are 30 °, 60 °, and the azimuth angle of the 1/4 wave plate channel is 45 °.
The second wave plate rotating wheel 13 comprises two channels corresponding to each laser waveband, wherein one channel is a hole, the other channel is an 1/4 wave plate, and the second wave plate rotating wheel can be rotationally switched to any one channel; the linear polarizer wheel 14 includes four channels in total, all of which are linear polarizers, and can be rotationally switched to any one of the channels. In this embodiment, the azimuth angle of the 1/4 wave plate channel wave plate of the second wave plate wheel 13 is 0 °, and the azimuth angles of the 4 channel linear polarizers of the linear polarizer wheel 14 are-60 °, 0 °, 60 °, and 45 °.
Fig. 2 shows one of the structural forms of the rotating wheel 24 for receiving the wave plate in the wave plate rotating wheel, the rotating wheel 24 with the illustrated structure can rotate around the central axis, a plurality of mounting holes 25 for mounting the wave plate are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, and the size and the number of the mounting holes 25 are set as required. If the first wave plate rotating wheel comprises four channels per laser wave band and the second wave plate rotating wheel comprises two channels per laser wave band, 4n or 2n matched mounting holes uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction can be selected for mounting the required wave plates or serving as empty holes. n is the number of laser bands, 2 in this embodiment.
The right-angle prism 12 can rotate around an optical axis 23 of the focusing lens 15, the height of the center of the vertical surface is equal to the height of the laser beam 19, and a distance is reserved between the vertical surface and the laser beam 19 in the horizontal direction; the scattered light 20 and the laser beam 19 form a scattering angle θ, and can be vertically incident on the vertical surface of the right-angle prism 12. In this embodiment, the side length of the right-angle prism 12 is 30mm, the path direction of the laser beam 19 is taken as the front and back directions, the distance between the vertical surface of the right-angle prism 12 and the laser beam 19 in the horizontal plane along the left and right directions is 35mm, and the field angle of the scanning and polarization analyzing module is ± 0.17 °.
The polarizing prism 2 is a Glan polarizing prism 2 with high extinction ratio from visible light to infrared broadband, and the extinction ratio is more than 105。
The laser 1 is a continuous laser 1, the laser light source is the laser emitted by the continuous laser 1, and more than one laser 1 can be used for beam combination and time-sharing switching. In this embodiment, 445 + -5 nm and 633 + -5 nm semiconductor continuous lasers 1 are selected as the laser 1.
The detector 16 is a photon counter.
The inner walls of the outer shell 21 and the inner shell 5 are sprayed with matting paint for matting treatment. The double-layer light-tight structure is formed by the inner shell 5 and the outer shell 21, external stray light is effectively restrained, and universal wheels are installed at the bottom of the outer shell, so that the whole transportation and transition of instruments are facilitated.
The measurement method based on the aerosol particle overall average scattering characteristic measurement system corresponds to each laser waveband, and the combined measurement mode of the second wave plate rotating wheel 13 and the linear polarizer rotating wheel 14 is as follows: the second wave plate rotating wheel 13 is switched into a hollow hole channel, and the linear polaroid rotating wheel 14 is sequentially switched into channels 1-3 for 3 times of measurement; the second wave plate rotating wheel 13 is switched to 1/4 wave plate channels, the linear polarizer rotating wheel 14 switches to the channel 4 to measure for 1 time, and the full Stokes parameters of the scattered light 20 are measured through 4 times of measurement;
specifically, the measurement method comprises the following steps:
step 6, the second wave plate rotating wheel 13 is rotated to the empty hole channel, and the linear polaroid rotating wheel 14 is sequentially switched to the channels for 1-3 times for measurement; the second wave plate rotating wheel 13 is switched to 1/4 wave plate channels, and the linear polarizer rotating wheel 14 is switched to the channel 4 to measure for 1 time; a total of 4 measurements;
step 8, the first wave plate rotating wheel 3 is rotated to the channel 3; repeating the step 6;
and 12, switching the wave band of the laser light source, and repeating the steps 4 to 11.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
4 polarized light sources are formed by switching the first wave plate rotating wheel 3, and the Stokes parameters of the 4 polarized light sources form a light source matrix which is as follows:
where superscript 0 denotes the light source and subscripts 1-4 denote 4 polarized light sources. Each polarized light source and aerosol particles interact with each other, the stokes parameter of the formed scattered light 20 is measured by a scanning polarization analysis module, and a scattered light 20 matrix formed by 4 kinds of scattered light 20 is as follows:
the aerosol particle population average scattering matrix is:
while embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. An aerosol particle overall average scattering characteristic measurement system is characterized in that:
taking a sealed inner cavity of the outer shell as a measuring area; the sealed inner shell is arranged in the measuring area, the inner cavity of the sealed inner shell is used as a sample pool, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the sealed inner shell are symmetrically provided with a pair of window sheets, an air inlet and an air outlet which are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the bottom are respectively communicated with the outside through an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, aerosol particles are pumped into the sample pool through the air inlet pipe and enter the sample pool through the air inlet, and;
emitting a laser light source by a laser along a light path in the measuring area, sequentially modulating the laser light source by a polarizing prism and a first wave plate rotating wheel to form laser beams in at least four polarization states, sequentially entering the sample pool through a small-hole diaphragm and a window sheet on the front side wall of the inner shell, detecting scattered light formed after interaction with aerosol particles pumped in from an air inlet by a scanning polarization detection module to obtain a full stokes parameter, enabling the laser beams projected after interaction with the aerosol particles to pass through the window sheet on the rear side wall of the inner shell to exit the sample pool, and absorbing the scattered light by a light trap after being reflected by a reflector in the measuring area;
the scanning polarization detection module sequentially comprises a right-angle prism, a second wave plate rotating wheel, a linear polaroid rotating wheel, a focusing lens and a detector, wherein the right-angle prism, the second wave plate rotating wheel and the linear polaroid rotating wheel are arranged in the sample pool from top to bottom, the focusing lens and the detector are arranged outside the inner shell, the scattered light vertically enters towards the vertical surface of the right-angle prism, is modulated by the second wave plate rotating wheel and the linear polaroid rotating wheel which are arranged right below the horizontal surface of the right-angle prism in sequence, is focused on the detector through the focusing lens, and the detector measures the.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: the first wave plate rotating wheel comprises four channels corresponding to each laser waveband and can be switched to any one of the channels in a rotating mode; wherein, the two channels are 1/2 wave plates, one channel is 1/4 wave plates, and the other channel is a hole.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: the second wave plate rotating wheel comprises two channels corresponding to each laser waveband, wherein one channel is a hole, the other channel is an 1/4 wave plate, and the second wave plate rotating wheel can be switched to any one channel in a rotating mode; the linear polarizer rotating wheel comprises four channels which are linear polarizers and can be switched to any one channel in a rotating mode.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein: the right-angle prism can rotate around the optical axis of the focusing lens, the height of the center of the vertical surface is equal to the height of the laser beam, and a distance is reserved between the right-angle prism and the laser beam in the horizontal direction; and an included angle between the scattered light and the laser beam is a scattering angle theta, and the scattered light can be vertically incident to a vertical surface of the right-angle prism.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein: the polarizing prism is a Glan polarizing prism with high extinction ratio from visible light to infrared broadband, and the extinction ratio is more than 105。
6. The system of claim 1, wherein: the laser is a continuous laser.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein: and the inner walls of the outer shell and the inner shell are sprayed with matting paint for matting treatment.
8. A measurement method based on the system for measuring the overall average scattering property of aerosol particles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second wave plate rotating wheel and the linear polarizer rotating wheel are combined to measure the total average scattering property of the aerosol particles in a manner corresponding to each laser band: the second wave plate rotating wheel is switched to a hole-free channel, and the linear polarizer rotating wheel is sequentially switched to the channels for 1-3 times of measurement; the second wave plate rotating wheel is switched to an 1/4 wave plate channel, the linear polarizer rotating wheel switching channel 4 measures 1 time, and the full Stokes parameters of the scattered light are measured through 4 times of measurement;
the measurement method based on the aerosol particle overall average scattering characteristic measurement system is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, moving a measuring system to an aerosol area to be measured;
step 2, directly pumping aerosol particle samples from an air inlet in situ, turning on a laser light source, and rotating a first wave plate rotating wheel, a second wave plate rotating wheel, a linear polarizer rotating wheel and a right-angle prism to a target position;
step 3, observing the reading of the detector, and starting measurement after the reading is stabilized;
step 4, rotating the right-angle prism to a target scattering angle position;
step 5, rotating the first wave plate to the channel 1;
step 6, rotating the second wave plate rotating wheel to the empty hole channel, and sequentially switching the channels 1-3 by the linear polaroid rotating wheel for 3 times; the second wave plate rotating wheel rotates to 1/4 wave plate channels, and the linear polarizer rotating wheel is switched to channel 4 to measure for 1 time; a total of 4 measurements;
step 7, rotating the first wave plate to the channel 2; repeating the step 6;
step 8, rotating the first wave plate to the channel 3; repeating the step 6;
step 9, rotating the first wave plate to the channel 4; repeating the step 6;
step 10, measuring each scattering angle position for 16 times, and solving a matrix equation to obtain a whole matrix element of the aerosol total average scattering matrix at the scattering angle;
step 11, switching the scanning polarization analysis module to the next scattering angle, repeating the steps 5 to 10, and measuring the next scattering angle scattering matrix;
and 12, switching the wave band of the laser light source, and repeating the steps 4 to 11.
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| CN114609093A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-10 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for calculating scattering phase function of imaging turbidimeter based on fisheye lens |
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