CN112012817A - 一种复合式内燃机余热梯级利用*** - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,其特征在于,包括:三级回收循环,分别为低温循环、中温循环和高温循环,所述的高温循环用于回收内燃机EGR废气热量,并通过加热高温工质水变为高温蒸气,并推动第一膨胀机工作,所述的高温循环中包括回热器;所述的中温循环用于回收内燃机排气的热量,并且推动第二膨胀机工作;所述的低温循环用于回收缸套冷却水的热量,低温循环与回热器连通回热,并且推动第三膨胀机工作,低温循环和中温循环共用一个冷凝器,本发明价格热能实现了三级回收利用。通过朗肯循环原理和概括性卡诺循环原理实现排气能量的梯级回收利用,提高能量利用率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车的技术领域,具体为一种复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***。
背景技术
目前车用发动机所输出的有效功只占燃料燃烧总能量的30%左右,剩余能量均以尾气废热形式排到大气中,造成极大浪费。若能将这部分能量回收利用,不仅能提高内燃机的热效率,还能改善汽车的燃油经济性。
朗肯循环可以很好的实现汽车尾气的能量回收,高效朗肯循环余热回收装置可以保证多品味余热的梯级回收,所以本发明在两级朗肯循环余热回收装置上进行改进,增大了回收效率,减少了不可逆损失。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于针对上述存在的问题,克服现有技术的不足,提出一种复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,能量实现了三级回收利用。通过朗肯循环原理和概括性卡诺循环原理实现排气能量的梯级回收利用,提高能量利用率。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,包括:三级回收循环,分别为低温循环、中温循环和高温循环,其中:
所述的高温循环用于回收内燃机EGR废气热量,并通过加热高温工质水变为高温蒸气,并推动第一膨胀机工作,所述的高温循环中包括回热器;
所述的中温循环用于回收内燃机排气的热量,并且推动第二膨胀机工作;
所述的低温循环用于回收缸套冷却水的热量,低温循环与回热器连通回热,并且推动第三膨胀机工作,低温循环和中温循环共用一个冷凝器。
进一步的,所述的高温循环包括第一泵、第一蒸发器、第一膨胀机和回热器,内燃机EGR废气热量输入到第一蒸发器内。
进一步的,所述的中温循环包括第二泵、第二蒸发器、第二膨胀机和冷凝器,内燃机排气的热量输入到第二蒸发器内。
进一步的,所述低温循环包括第三泵、第三蒸发器和第三膨胀机,所述的第三蒸发器与回热器,所述的第三膨胀机的出口和第二膨胀机的出口汇流至冷凝器。
进一步的,所述高温循环和低温循环均为亚临界循环,所述的中温循环为超临界循环。
进一步的,所述的高温循环的介质为水,所述的中温循环和低温循环为有机工质R1233zd。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
中温循环的第二膨胀机出口与低温循环的第三膨胀机入口汇流,并且中温循环、低温循环共用一个冷凝器与冷却水换热,而高温循环通过回热器与低温循环耦合,同时高温循环的冷凝器(即回热器)是低温循环的蒸发器(即回热器)。本发明可以实现内燃机多等级余热能的充分利用回收,减少了***的不可逆损失,有效提高了燃油经济性,从而达到节能减排的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的燃机外特性下功率-转速变化图。
其中:第三泵-1、第三蒸发器-2、回热器-3、第三膨胀机-4、冷凝器-5、第二泵-6、第二蒸发器-7、第二膨胀机-8、第一泵-9、第一蒸发器-10、第一膨胀机-11、发动机-12、涡轮机-13、发动机涡后排气-14、EGR废气-15、缸套冷却水-16、冷却水-17。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参照附图,本发明公开了一种复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,包括:三级回收循环,分别为低温循环、中温循环和高温循环,其中:
所述的高温循环用于回收内燃机EGR废气15热量,并通过加热高温工质水变为高温蒸气,并推动第一膨胀机11工作,所述的高温循环中包括回热器3;
所述的中温循环用于回收内燃机排气的热量,并且推动第二膨胀机8工作;
所述的低温循环用于回收缸套冷却水16的热量,低温循环与回热器3连通回热,并且推动第三膨胀机4工作,低温循环和中温循环共用一个冷凝器5。
具体的,所述的高温循环包括第一泵9、第一蒸发器10、第一膨胀机11和回热器3,内燃机EGR废气15热量输入到第一蒸发器10内。
具体的,所述的中温循环包括第二泵6、第二蒸发器7、第二膨胀机8和冷凝器5,内燃机排气的热量输入到第二蒸发器7内。
具体的,所述低温循环包括第三泵1、第三蒸发器2和第三膨胀机4,所述的第三蒸发器2与回热器3,所述的第三膨胀机4的出口和第二膨胀机8的出口汇流至冷凝器5。
具体的,所述高温循环和低温循环均为亚临界循环,所述的中温循环为超临界循环。
具体的,所述的高温循环的介质为水,所述的中温循环和低温循环为有机工质R1233zd。
本发明提出了复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,对能量实现了三级回收利用。通过朗肯循环原理和概括性卡诺循环原理实现排气能量的梯级回收利用,提高能量利用率。
高温循环中,第一蒸发器10实现对内燃机EGR废气15热量回收,废气余热使耐高温工质水相变为高温蒸气,并推动第一膨胀机11工作,对外做功输出,不会有之前的串联式(发动机废气与EGR废气串联回收)EGR废气15余热回收不完全的缺点,同时通过回热器3将剩余热量传递给低温循环。
中温循环中,第二蒸发器7实现对内燃机排气14的热量回收,并推动第二膨胀机8工作,对外做功输出,有机工质R1233zd在中温循环的第二膨胀机8出口与低温循环的第三膨胀机4出口汇流连通,多级膨胀使余热回收干净完全,并且中温级循环与低温循环共用一个冷凝器5,共用一种回收工质,减少了***的复杂性。
低温循环中,缸套冷却水16来作为低温级循环的热源,具有热源稳定、受热均匀等优点,在回收缸套冷却水16余热的基础上,又继续与高温循环在回热器3中回热,提高排气能量回收***的可行性、稳定性、适用范围广。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,其特征在于,包括:三级回收循环,分别为低温循环、中温循环和高温循环,其中:
所述的高温循环用于回收内燃机EGR废气热量,并通过加热高温工质水变为高温蒸气,并推动第一膨胀机工作,所述的高温循环中包括回热器;
所述的中温循环用于回收内燃机排气的热量,并且推动第二膨胀机工作;
所述的低温循环用于回收缸套冷却水的热量,低温循环与回热器连通回热,并且推动第三膨胀机工作,低温循环和中温循环共用一个冷凝器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,其特征在于,所述的高温循环包括第一泵、第一蒸发器、第一膨胀机和回热器,内燃机EGR废气热量输入到第一蒸发器内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,其特征在于,所述的中温循环包括第二泵、第二蒸发器、第二膨胀机和冷凝器,内燃机排气的热量输入到第二蒸发器内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,其特征在于,所述低温循环包括第三泵、第三蒸发器和第三膨胀机,所述的第三蒸发器与回热器,所述的第三膨胀机的出口和第二膨胀机的出口汇流至冷凝器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,其特征在于,所述高温循环和低温循环均为亚临界循环,所述的中温循环为超临界循环。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合式内燃机余热梯级利用***,其特征在于,所述的高温循环的介质为水,所述的中温循环和低温循环为有机工质R1233zd。
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