CN112010593B - Radiation-proof concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Radiation-proof concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112010593B CN112010593B CN202010863090.2A CN202010863090A CN112010593B CN 112010593 B CN112010593 B CN 112010593B CN 202010863090 A CN202010863090 A CN 202010863090A CN 112010593 B CN112010593 B CN 112010593B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00862—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for nuclear applications, e.g. ray-absorbing concrete
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
Abstract
The application relates to radiation-proof concrete which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 390 parts of cement 350-containing materials, 150 parts of fly ash 120-containing materials, 10-30 parts of lead powder, 460 parts of coarse aggregate 400-containing materials, 700 parts of fine aggregate 650-containing materials, 40-50 parts of bentonite, 8-9 parts of water reducing agent and 180 parts of water 170-containing materials; the coarse aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: (0.4-0.6): (0.2-0.5): (0.1-0.4) pebbles, barite, hematite and lightweight aggregate; the particle size of the lead powder is 15-45 mu m; the concrete has the effects of improving the radiation resistance and the working performance of the concrete; the preparation method of the radiation-proof concrete comprises the following steps: mixing cement, fly ash, lead powder, fine aggregate, bentonite, a water reducing agent and water uniformly, and adding the coarse aggregate for mixing uniformly.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of concrete, in particular to radiation-proof concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The concrete is prepared by using cement as a cementing material, using sand and stone as aggregates, mixing with water (with or without additives and admixtures) according to a certain proportion, stirring, molding and curing. In order to prevent various rays in the environment from damaging human bodies, when a radiation source building is built, radiation-proof materials are generally required to shield various ionizing radiations: the radiation-proof concrete mainly aims at the gamma rays and the neutron rays, is a basic material for radiation protection of a building main body, and is mainly used for radiation source buildings of education, scientific research and medical institutions and protection of inner and outer shells of nuclear reactors.
In the prior art, the performance of radiation-proof concrete is improved mainly by adding mineral admixtures with heavy metal elements, and in the actual production, aggregates containing heavy metal elements such as serpentine, magnetite (hematite), limonite, ferric oxide powder, barite, gypsum powder, borygenite, chromium ore powder and galena are added to improve the gamma ray and neutron ray shielding capability of the concrete.
In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventors considered that there was a drawback that the above-mentioned mineral material has a large self-weight, which makes the concrete easily segregate to cause deterioration of workability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the radiation protection performance and the working performance of concrete, the application provides radiation protection concrete and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a radiation-proof concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the radiation-proof concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 390 parts of cement 350-containing materials, 150 parts of fly ash 120-containing materials, 10-30 parts of lead powder, 460 parts of coarse aggregate 400-containing materials, 700 parts of fine aggregate 650-containing materials, 40-50 parts of bentonite, 8-9 parts of water reducing agent and 180 parts of water 170-containing materials;
the coarse aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: (0.4-0.6): (0.2-0.5): (0.1-0.4) pebbles, barite, hematite and lightweight aggregate;
the lead powder has a particle size of 15-45 μm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the main component of the barite is barium sulfate, barium ions have good radiation protection capability, and the main component of the hematite is Fe3O4The iron also has better radiation-proof capability, and the light aggregate is added, so that the dead weight of the coarse aggregate is reduced, the lower degree of the coarse aggregate is low and is not easy to separate, and the dead weight of the concrete is also reduced, so that the concrete is not easy to generate settlement;
meanwhile, the bentonite is dispersed into a gelatinous state and a suspended state in water, and has certain viscosity, thixotropy and lubricity, so that the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are not easy to separate in the concrete, and the fluidity of the concrete is also increased;
the nanoscale lead powder can be well dispersed in concrete, so that the density of gelled substances (cement and fly ash) in the concrete is increased, coarse aggregate and the like are not easy to settle, and the nanoscale lead powder is further compounded with bentonite, so that the working performance of the concrete is further improved;
the water reducing agent can be adsorbed on the surface of cement particles, so that water can be fully contacted with the cement particles, the use amount of the water is favorably reduced, the workability and the fluidity of concrete can be effectively improved, and the final strength of the concrete is favorably improved;
in conclusion, the radiation resistance and the working performance of the concrete are improved, and the self weight of the concrete is reduced to a certain extent.
Preferably, the fine aggregate comprises 1: (0.3-0.5): (0.1-0.3) sand, iron ore powder and boron glass powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the density of the cementing material is increased by the iron ore powder and the boron glass powder, so that the coarse aggregate is not easy to settle, and the workability is improved; the iron ore powder can further improve the radiation protection performance of the concrete, the boron glass powder is small in particle size, good in dispersity and good in anti-settling effect, gaps of the concrete can be filled well, the compactness of the concrete is improved, and the boron glass powder contains stable boron elements, so that the shielding effect of the concrete on neutron flow is greatly improved.
Preferably, the lightweight aggregate is one or more of pumice, scoria and ceramsite.
Preferably, the lightweight aggregate is pretreated by:
a1: mixing a mixture of 1: (10-13): (16-22) uniformly mixing citric acid, barium nitrate and ferric nitrate, adding distilled water to dissolve and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the total weight of the citric acid, the barium nitrate and the ferric nitrate to the distilled water is 1: (10-30), adjusting the pH value to 7, and stirring in a water bath at 85-95 ℃ for 4-5 hours until the liquid is viscous colloid to obtain sol;
a2: adding the lightweight aggregate into the sol, and uniformly stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the lightweight aggregate to the total weight of the ferric nitrate and the barium nitrate is 1: (1-3), drying at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, heating to 830 ℃ and 870 ℃ in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 60 ℃ per minute, and keeping the temperature for 1.5-2.5 hours.
By adopting the technical scheme, the surface of the lightweight aggregate is coated with a layer of barium ferrite and a shell, only the outer layer of the lightweight aggregate is coated with the shell without influencing the porous part in the lightweight aggregate, the lightweight aggregate can still reduce the dead weight, and the outer shell increases the strength of the lightweight aggregate, thereby being beneficial to increasing the strength of concrete; meanwhile, the radiation resistance of the lightweight aggregate is improved due to the arrangement of the shell, so that the radiation resistance of the concrete is improved, and the electromagnetic radiation absorbing capacity is good.
Preferably, the particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the pebbles, the barite and the hematite are continuously graded between 5 and 31.5 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the light aggregate with light weight and small strength can fill gaps generated by stones, barite and hematite, and the stones, the barite and the hematite with high strength play a main supporting role, so that the strength of concrete is high; and the roundness of the pretreated lightweight aggregate is increased, and the aggregate has a smaller particle size range, so that the fluidity of concrete is favorably increased, and the working performance is improved.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of radiation-proof concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
mixing cement, fly ash, lead powder, fine aggregate, bentonite, a water reducing agent and water uniformly, and adding the coarse aggregate for mixing uniformly.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme for go out other components except the coarse aggregate and mix earlier, add the mixing of coarse aggregate at last, make more fragile barite, hematite not fragile in the coarse aggregate, and easily form the compact structure of thick liquid package stone, be difficult for producing bleeding segregation, help improving working property.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the radiation resistance of the concrete is improved by compounding the coarse aggregate, and meanwhile, the density, viscosity and the like of a cementing substance are integrally added by compounding the lead powder, the bentonite, the cement and the fly ash, so that the concrete is not easy to settle, the fluidity is increased, and the working performance is improved;
2. by compounding fine aggregate, the concrete is further not easy to settle;
3. the light aggregate after pretreatment is compounded in the coarse aggregate, so that the strength of the light aggregate is increased, and the strength of concrete is increased; meanwhile, the radiation resistance of the lightweight aggregate is improved due to the arrangement of the shell, so that the radiation resistance of the concrete is improved, and the electromagnetic radiation absorbing capacity is good.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail in conjunction with the following.
The cement is barium cement, and the manufacturer is Shandongpo Shuo medical science and technology company;
the fly ash is produced in Guohui mineral processing factory in Lingshu county;
lead powder with the particle size of 15-45 mu m is produced by Qinmei metal materials Co., Ltd;
the manufacturer of the pebble is Pucheng county Xinshida building materials Co., Ltd;
barite, manufacturer is processing factory of Jiayuan mineral products in Lingshou county;
the hematite manufacturer is a limited liability company of the Tongling silver mineral products;
the sand is natural sand with apparent density of 1500kg/m3Bulk density 1200kg/m3The manufacturer is Beijing Yulu building engineering Co., Ltd;
the iron ore powder is hematite powder with a cargo number of ct-57, and the manufacturer is a processing plant for flying mineral products in Lingshou county;
boron glass powder, cat 1602, manufactured by Shijiazhan Brilliant mineral trade company;
the bentonite is sodium bentonite, and the manufacturer is Shijiazhuangxi mineral products Co., Ltd;
the water reducing agent is polycarboxylate water reducing agent, and the manufacturer is Jinan Yu Fuyuan Biotech limited company.
Example 1
A radiation-proof concrete comprises the following components: 350 parts of cement, 150 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of lead powder, 460 parts of coarse aggregate, 650 parts of fine aggregate, 50 parts of bentonite, 8 parts of water reducing agent and 180 parts of water.
The coarse aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.5: 0.4: 0.25 of stones, barite, hematite and lightweight aggregate, wherein the lightweight aggregate is pumice and scoria in a weight ratio of 1: 1.
The fine aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.4: 0.2 of sand, iron ore powder and boron glass powder.
The particle size of the lead powder is 15-45 mu m, the particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 5-10mm, the particle size of the pebble, the barite and the hematite are continuously graded between 5-31.5mm, and the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
The preparation method of the radiation-proof concrete comprises the following steps: mixing cement, fly ash, lead powder, fine aggregate, bentonite, a water reducing agent and water uniformly, and adding the coarse aggregate for mixing uniformly.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that:
a radiation-proof concrete comprises the following components: 370 parts of cement, 135 parts of fly ash, 22 parts of lead powder, 435 parts of coarse aggregate, 675 parts of fine aggregate, 45 parts of bentonite, 8.5 parts of a water reducing agent and 175 parts of water.
The light aggregate is pumice.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that:
a radiation-proof concrete comprises the following components: 390 parts of cement, 120 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of lead powder, 400 parts of coarse aggregate, 700 parts of fine aggregate, 40 parts of bentonite, 9 parts of water reducing agent and 170 parts of water.
The weight ratio of the lightweight aggregate is 1: pumice, scoria and ceramsite.
Example 4
The difference from example 2 is that:
the lightweight aggregate is pretreated by the following steps:
a1: mixing a mixture of 1: 10: 22, adding distilled water to dissolve and uniformly mix, wherein the weight ratio of the total weight of the citric acid, the barium nitrate and the ferric nitrate to the distilled water is 1: 10, adjusting the pH value to 7, and then stirring in a water bath at 85 ℃ for 4 hours until the liquid is viscous colloid to obtain sol;
a2: adding the lightweight aggregate into the sol, and uniformly stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the lightweight aggregate to the total weight of the ferric nitrate and the barium nitrate is 1:1, drying at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, then heating to 830 ℃ in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 60 ℃ per minute, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours.
Example 5
The difference from example 2 is that:
the lightweight aggregate is pretreated by the following steps:
a1: mixing a mixture of 1: 12: 19, uniformly mixing citric acid, barium nitrate and ferric nitrate, adding distilled water to dissolve and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the total weight of the citric acid, the barium nitrate and the ferric nitrate to the distilled water is 1: 15, adjusting the pH value to 7, and then stirring in a 90-degree water bath for 4.5 hours until the liquid is viscous colloid to obtain sol;
a2: adding the lightweight aggregate into the sol, and uniformly stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the lightweight aggregate to the total weight of the ferric nitrate and the barium nitrate is 1: 2, drying at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, then heating to 850 ℃ in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 60 ℃ per minute, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours.
Example 6
The difference from example 2 is that:
the lightweight aggregate is pretreated by the following steps:
a1: mixing a mixture of 1: 13: 16, adding distilled water to dissolve and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the total weight of the citric acid, the barium nitrate and the ferric nitrate to the distilled water is 1: 30, regulating the pH value to 7, and stirring in a water bath at 95 ℃ for 5 hours until the liquid is viscous colloid to obtain sol;
a2: adding the lightweight aggregate into the sol, and uniformly stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the lightweight aggregate to the total weight of the ferric nitrate and the barium nitrate is 1: 3, drying at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, then heating to 870 ℃ in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 60 ℃ per minute, and keeping the temperature for 2.5 hours.
Example 7
The difference from example 5 is that: the coarse aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.4: 0.5: 0.1 of stones, barite, hematite and lightweight aggregate.
Example 8
The difference from example 5 is that: the coarse aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.6: 0.2: 0.4 of stones, barite, hematite and lightweight aggregate.
Example 9
The difference from example 5 is that: the fine aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.3: 0.3 of sand, iron ore powder and boron glass powder.
Example 10
The difference from example 5 is that: the fine aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.5: 0.1 of sand, iron ore powder and boron glass powder.
Comparative example 1
Commercial barite concrete, brand: jiutai, a Shandongtai radiation protection engineering Co., Ltd.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 5 is that: lead powder is replaced by equal weight of fly ash.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 5 is that: the bentonite is replaced by equal weight of fly ash.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 5 is that: the lightweight aggregate is replaced by barite with equal weight.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 5 is that: replacing the iron ore powder with sand with equal weight.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 5 is that: the boron glass powder is replaced by sand with equal weight.
Performance detection
The following tests were carried out on the concretes of examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 6, respectively:
detecting the compressive strength (28 days, MPa) according to GB/T50081-2002 standard of Experimental methods for mechanical properties of ordinary concrete, wherein the larger the compressive strength is, the better the compressive property of the concrete is;
detecting slump (mm) and expansion (mm) according to GB/T50080-2016 Standard test method for Performance of common concrete mixtures, wherein the better the fluidity is, the larger the slump is, the larger the expansion is;
the radiation protection performance of the concrete is detected according to GB 18871-2002 'basic standard for ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety', and the linear attenuation coefficients (cm) of the gamma rays and the neutron rays of the concrete-1) The larger the linear attenuation coefficient is, the better the radiation-proof performance of the concrete is; gamma ray measurement apparatus: a nuclear radiation detector; neutron ray measurement apparatus: a neutron source; irradiation energy 4 MeV;
the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results
As can be seen from Table 1, in examples 1-10 and comparative example 1, the radiation resistance and the fluidity of examples 1-10 are significantly better than those of comparative example 1, which shows that the components, the mixture ratio and the process of examples 1-10 are better.
In examples 1 to 3, the radiation resistance and the fluidity of example 2 are better, and the components and the mixture ratio of example 2 are better.
In examples 2 and 4 to 6, the radiation resistance and the fluidity of the concrete of examples 4 to 6 were superior to those of example 2, so that the radiation resistance and the fluidity of the concrete of the pretreated lightweight aggregate were superior, and in examples 4 to 6, the radiation resistance and the fluidity of the concrete of example 5 were superior, indicating that the pretreatment conditions of the lightweight aggregate of example 5 were superior.
In examples 5 and 7 to 8, the ratio of coarse aggregate was different, but the radiation resistance and the fluidity of example 5 were more excellent, indicating that the ratio of coarse aggregate in example 5 was more excellent.
In examples 5 and 9 to 10, the proportion of the fine aggregate was different, whereas the radiation resistance and the fluidity of example 5 were more excellent, indicating that the proportion of the coarse aggregate in example 5 was more excellent.
In example 5 and comparative example 2, the concrete of comparative example 2 has lead powder replaced by fly ash, and the radiation resistance and the fluidity are reduced, so that example 5 is better.
In example 5 and comparative example 3, the concrete of comparative example 3 has bentonite replaced by fly ash, and the fluidity is greatly reduced, so that example 5 is better.
In example 5 and comparative example 4, the flowability and the radiation resistance of example 5 are better than those of comparative example 4, which shows that the components and the mixture ratio of example 5 are better.
In example 5 and comparative examples 5 to 6, the types and proportions of the fine aggregate were different, and the fluidity and radiation resistance of example 5 were the best, and the types and proportions of the fine aggregate of example 5 were the best. The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The radiation-proof concrete is characterized in that: the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 390 parts of cement 350-containing materials, 150 parts of fly ash 120-containing materials, 10-30 parts of lead powder, 460 parts of coarse aggregate 400-containing materials, 700 parts of fine aggregate 650-containing materials, 40-50 parts of bentonite, 8-9 parts of water reducing agent and 180 parts of water 170-containing materials;
the coarse aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.5: 0.4: 0.25 of stones, barite, hematite and lightweight aggregate;
the particle size of the lead powder is 15-45 mu m;
the fine aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.4: 0.2 of sand, iron ore powder and boron glass powder;
the lightweight aggregate is pretreated by the following steps:
a1: mixing a mixture of 1: (10-13): (16-22) uniformly mixing citric acid, barium nitrate and ferric nitrate, adding distilled water to dissolve and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the total weight of the citric acid, the barium nitrate and the ferric nitrate to the distilled water is 1: (10-30), adjusting the pH value to 7, and stirring in a water bath at 85-95 ℃ for 4-5 hours until the liquid is viscous colloid to obtain sol;
a2: adding the lightweight aggregate into the sol, and uniformly stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the lightweight aggregate to the total weight of the ferric nitrate and the barium nitrate is 1: (1-3), drying at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, heating to 830 ℃ and 870 ℃ in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 60 ℃ per minute, and keeping the temperature for 1.5-2.5 hours.
2. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lightweight aggregate is one or more of pumice, scoria and ceramsite.
3. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 5-10 mm.
4. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cobblestone, barite and hematite are in continuous gradation between 5mm and 31.5 mm.
5. The radiation protective concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
6. The method for preparing radiation-proof concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: mixing cement, fly ash, lead powder, fine aggregate, bentonite, a water reducing agent and water uniformly, and adding the coarse aggregate for mixing uniformly.
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| CN112979247A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-18 | 杭州华杰商品混凝土有限公司 | Anti-radiation concrete based on barite |
| CN113666685B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-02-03 | 武汉源锦商品混凝土有限公司 | Low-hydration-heat high-heat-conductivity radiation-proof concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN115286321A (en) * | 2022-08-21 | 2022-11-04 | 广东派安建材有限公司 | C35 radiation-proof concrete and preparation method thereof |
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