CN112006319B - Threshing and redrying processing technology suitable for tobacco leaves mildewed to different degrees - Google Patents
Threshing and redrying processing technology suitable for tobacco leaves mildewed to different degrees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a threshing and redrying processing technology suitable for tobacco leaves mildewed to different degrees, which belongs to the technical field of threshing and redrying processing, wherein the tobacco leaves are classified according to the mildewing degree and comprise non-mildewed tobacco leaves, slightly mildewed tobacco leaves, moderately mildewed tobacco leaves and severely mildewed tobacco leaves, and after the tobacco leaves are thrown and threshed in a threshing and redrying link, different process paths are set for the tobacco leaves with different mildewing degrees, and the moisture content and the temperature of the tobacco leaves in each process are specified corresponding to different processing strengths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of threshing and redrying processes, and particularly relates to a threshing and redrying processing process suitable for tobacco leaves mildewed to different degrees.
Background
At present, the domestic threshing and redrying leaf redrying process generally adopts four working procedures of moistening leaves, separating leaves and stems, redrying and packaging. In the process mode, after the tobacco flakes are dried after leaf and stem separation, the moisture content and the temperature of the tobacco flakes are specified, and the tobacco flakes are stored and alcoholized conveniently.
The moisture content of the primary flue-cured tobacco leaves is different, the moisture content is higher, the tobacco leaves are sorted and stored in a warehouse under the trend of large-module and homogenized formula threshing in a flue-curing plant, the tobacco leaves can be processed after being matched, the storage time of part of the tobacco leaves is longer, the tobacco leaves are careless in management, and the tobacco leaves are easy to rot and deteriorate, so that economic loss is caused. When tobacco leaves are mildewed, the cigarette industry needs to carry out degradation use or waste treatment on the tobacco leaves, and the waste of the tobacco leaves is directly caused.
Therefore, in the threshing and redrying link, the research on a threshing and redrying processing technology suitable for tobacco leaves mildewed to different degrees ensures the internal quality of the tobacco leaves as much as possible, lays a foundation for the reutilization of the mildewed tobacco leaves, and has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a threshing and redrying processing technology suitable for tobacco leaves mildewed to different degrees, which lays a foundation for the reutilization of the mildewed tobacco leaves in the threshing and redrying link for redrying and aroma-keeping and reduces the loss and resource waste caused by the disposal of the mildewed tobacco leaves.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a threshing and redrying process for the tobacco leaves with different degrees of mildew includes such steps as classifying the tobacco leaves into 4 classes (non-mildew tobacco leaf, light-mildew tobacco leaf, medium-mildew tobacco leaf and heavy-mildew tobacco leaf) according to their appearance characteristics and the mildew ratio of tobacco leaf, and determining the optimal process according to their classification results.
(1) Detecting the mildew ratio of the tobacco leaves: detecting the mildew proportion of a single tobacco leaf by adopting an image vision method; randomly sampling 500 tobacco leaves, detecting the mildew proportion of the tobacco leaves in the batch by the same method, and calculating the average value of the mildew proportions of the tobacco leaves in the batch as the mildew proportion of the tobacco leaves to be processed. Wherein the tobacco leaf mildew proportion is the ratio of the mildew area on the leaf surface of the tobacco leaf to the whole tobacco leaf area;
(2) classifying the tobacco leaves into 4 types according to the detection result of the mildew proportion of the tobacco leaves;
the first type: the tobacco leaves are not mildewed, have uniform color and good color and luster, and do not have black brown spots; the mildew ratio X of the tobacco leaves meets the following requirements: x is 0;
the second type: slightly mildewed tobacco leaves have normal color, good color and luster degree and slightly dark brown spots; the mildew ratio X of the tobacco leaves meets the following requirements: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 10.0 percent;
in the third category: the moderate mildewed tobacco leaves have dark color, poor color and luster and black brown spots, and the mildewing ratio X of the tobacco leaves meets the following requirements: x is more than 10.0 percent and less than or equal to 25.0 percent;
the fourth type: the tobacco leaves are heavily mildewed, the color of the tobacco leaves is dark, the color degree is poor, large-area black brown spots exist, and the mildewing proportion X of the tobacco leaves meets the following requirements: x is more than 25.0%;
(3) setting a processing technology:
according to the classification result of the mildew proportion of the tobacco leaves, the threshing and redrying processing technologies of the four types of tobacco leaves are respectively set as follows,
the first type: mildew-free tobacco leaf
The second type: slightly mildewed tobacco leaves
In the third category: moderate mildew tobacco leaf
The fourth type: tobacco leaves seriously mildewed
The first type: mildew-free tobacco leaf
Moistening leaves with low strength, hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 90 ℃, and return air temperature is 40 ℃;
separating leaves and stems by soft beating and subdivision;
redrying the leaves at low temperature, setting the temperature of six areas of the drying section at constant temperature by adopting parabolic arcs, setting the highest temperature of a single area of the drying section at A, setting the temperature of the first area to the sixth area at A- (11-13), A- (3-5), A, A- (3-5), A- (7-9) and A- (11-13), setting the temperature of the first area to the sixth area at A not higher than 70 ℃, and setting the total drying temperature of the six areas at not higher than 385 ℃.
The second type: slightly mildewed tobacco leaves
Vacuum moisture regaining, namely a working cycle, namely vacuumizing once, humidifying once, vacuumizing for 30S, maintaining pressure for 10S, and keeping the temperature for 180-240S;
moistening leaves with low strength, wherein the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 100 ℃, and the return air temperature is 45 ℃;
separating leaves and stems by soft beating and subdivision;
redrying the leaves at a low temperature, namely redrying the leaves at a low temperature, setting the temperature of six areas of a drying section to be parabolic arc line constant temperature drying, setting the highest temperature of a single area of the drying section to be B, setting the temperature of the first area to the sixth area to be B- (15-17), B- (6-8), B, B- (6-8), B- (11-13) and B- (15-17), setting the temperature of B not higher than 74 ℃ and the total drying temperature of the six areas not higher than 390 ℃;
in the third category: moderate mildew tobacco leaf
Vacuum moisture regaining, namely two working cycles, namely vacuumizing twice, humidifying twice, vacuumizing for 40S, maintaining pressure for 15S and keeping the temperature for 270-360S;
moistening leaves with medium strength, hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 120 ℃, and return air temperature is 50 ℃;
separating leaves and stems by soft beating and subdivision;
heating the leaves before baking, namely heating the low-strength leaves, wherein the hot air temperature of a roller is 60 ℃, and the return air temperature is 32 ℃;
redrying the leaves at medium temperature, setting the temperature of six areas of the drying section at constant temperature by adopting parabolic arcs, setting the highest temperature of a single area of the drying section at C, setting the temperature of one to six areas of the drying section at C- (21-23), C- (9-11), C, C- (9-11), C- (15-17) and C- (21-23), wherein C is not higher than 80 ℃, and the total drying temperature of the six areas is not higher than 400 ℃.
The fourth type: tobacco leaves seriously mildewed
Vacuum moisture regaining, namely two working cycles, namely two times of vacuumizing and two times of humidifying, wherein the vacuumizing time is 45S, the pressure maintaining time is 20S, and the heat preservation time is 360-450S;
in the leaf moistening step, high-strength leaf moistening is adopted, and the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 140 ℃ and the return air temperature is 55 ℃;
separating leaves and stems by soft beating and subdivision;
heating the leaves before baking, namely heating the high-strength leaves, wherein the hot air temperature of a roller is 70 ℃, and the return air temperature is 36 ℃;
the leaf redrying adopts high-temperature redrying, six zones of the drying section adopt parabolic arc line constant-temperature drying, the highest temperature of a single zone of the drying section is D, the temperatures of the first zone to the sixth zone are set to be D- (25-27), D- (13-15), D, D- (13-15), D- (19-21) and D- (25-27), D is not higher than 85 ℃, and the total drying temperature of the six zones is not higher than 410 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, according to different mildewing degrees of the tobacco leaves, different process paths are set for treatment, the processing strength is adjusted, the mildewing flavor is removed, the redrying and aroma preservation of the tobacco flakes are realized, and the waste of the tobacco leaves is reduced. The processing technology paths and the intensity of the tobacco leaves of different categories are set as follows: firstly, the tobacco leaves without mildew are preferably moistened with low strength and redried at low temperature; secondly, the slightly mildewed tobacco leaves are subjected to vacuum moisture regain treatment in one working period, and the tobacco leaves are moistened with low strength and redried at low temperature; moderate mildewed tobacco leaves are preferably subjected to vacuum moisture regain treatment in two working periods, namely moderate-strength moistening, low-strength leaf temperature increasing and moderate-temperature redrying; fourthly, the heavily mildewed tobacco leaves are subjected to vacuum moisture regain treatment in two working periods, the strength is increased, the tobacco leaves are moistened with high strength, the temperature of the tobacco leaves is increased, and the tobacco leaves are redried at high temperature.
The invention provides a threshing and redrying processing technology based on tobacco leaves with different qualities, provides a relatively complete and feasible control method for solving the problem of poor sensory quality of tobacco strips on the premise of meeting processing requirements, and improves the comprehensive quality of finished tobacco strips after threshing and redrying.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The tobacco leaves in the embodiment are the tobacco leaves in the middle of the Fujian production area in 2019 years.
(1) Determination of tobacco leaf mildew ratio
The tobacco leaves are stored in a warehouse, and the tobacco leaves in the batch are detected in the process of throwing, beating and preparing the materials, so that the tobacco leaves in the batch are uniform in color, good in color and luster, free of black brown spots, normal in smell and free of mildew on the leaf surfaces of the tobacco leaves.
(2) Classification of tobacco leaf mildew conditions
According to the detection result of the mildew proportion of the tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves are classified as mildew-free tobacco leaves.
(3) Setting of technological path and processing strength of whole threshing and redrying process
According to the classification result of the tobacco leaf mildew proportion, the processing technological path and the processing strength of the whole tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process are as follows,
the process route is as follows:
processing strength:
and (3) low-strength leaf moistening: the hot air temperature of the leaf moistening roller is 90 ℃, and the return air temperature is 40 ℃;
leaf and stem separation: flexibly grading and subdividing;
redrying the leaves at low temperature, setting the temperature of six areas in a drying section to be constant-temperature drying by adopting parabolic arcs, setting the maximum temperature of a single area in the drying section to be 69 ℃ and the total drying temperature of the six areas to be 380 ℃, wherein the temperature of each drying area is set as follows:
(4) evaluation of the quality of the tobacco sheet
The whole fragrance style is obvious, the fragrance quality is fine and smooth, the fragrance is slightly permeable, the fragrance amount is sufficient, the smoke state is good, the smoke is elegant and fine, has slight irritation, and is good in sweet feeling and good in overall quality grade.
Example 2
The tobacco leaves in the embodiment are the tobacco leaves in the middle of the Fujian production area in 2019 years.
(1) Determination of tobacco leaf mildew ratio
The tobacco leaves are stored in a warehouse, and the tobacco leaves in the batch have normal color, good color and luster, slightly black brown spots and musty taste, and the mildew proportion of the tobacco leaves is 9.0 percent by testing in the process of throwing, beating and preparing the materials.
(2) Classification of tobacco leaf mildew conditions
According to the detection result of the tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves are classified as slightly mildewed tobacco leaves.
(3) Setting of technological path and processing strength of whole threshing and redrying process
According to the classification result of the tobacco leaf mildew condition, the processing technological path and the processing strength of the whole tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process are as follows,
the process route is as follows:
processing strength:
vacuum moisture regaining: the method comprises the following steps of (1) one working cycle, namely one time of vacuumizing and one time of humidifying, wherein the vacuumizing time is 30S, the pressure maintaining time is 10S, and the heat preservation time is 200S;
moistening the leaves; adopting low-strength leaf moistening, wherein the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 100 ℃, and the return air temperature is 45 ℃;
leaf and stem separation: soft subdivision:
redrying the leaves: adopting low-temperature redrying, setting the temperature of six areas of a drying section to adopt parabolic arc line constant-temperature drying, setting the highest temperature of a single area of the drying section to be 74 ℃ and the total drying temperature of the six areas to be 389 ℃, wherein the temperature of each drying area is set as follows:
(4) evaluation of the quality of the tobacco sheet
Before throwing and processing, the tobacco leaves have a mildew taste, after a series of treatment of each procedure, the mildew taste of the redried tobacco strips is obviously eliminated, and from the perspective of sensory evaluation results, the overall style is basically maintained, the fragrance quality is slightly fine and smooth, the penetrability is slight, the fragrance amount is slightly sufficient, the smoke state is better, the smoke is elegant and fine, the irritation is slight, the sweet feeling is better, and the overall quality grade is medium.
Example 3
The tobacco leaves in the embodiment are the tobacco leaves in the middle of the Fujian production area in 2019 years.
(1) Determination of tobacco leaf mildew
The tobacco leaves are stored in a warehouse, and the proportion of mildew on the leaf surfaces of the tobacco leaves is 22.5 percent as the tobacco leaves in the batch are dark in color, poor in color and luster, and black brown spots are detected in the process of throwing, beating and preparing the materials.
(2) Classification of tobacco leaf mildew conditions
According to the detection result of the tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves are classified as moderate mildew tobacco leaves.
(3) Setting of technological path and processing strength of whole threshing and redrying process
According to the classification result of the tobacco leaf mildew condition, the processing technological path and the processing strength of the whole tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process are as follows,
the process route is as follows:
processing strength:
vacuum moisture regaining: two working cycles, namely vacuumizing twice, humidifying twice, vacuumizing for 40S, maintaining pressure for 15S and keeping temperature for 300S;
moistening leaves: high-strength leaf moistening, wherein the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 120 ℃, and the return air temperature is 50 ℃;
leaf and stem separation: flexibly grading and subdividing;
heating the blade: heating by adopting a high-strength blade, wherein the hot air temperature of a roller is 60 ℃, and the return air temperature is 32 ℃;
redrying the leaves: adopting high-temperature redrying, setting the temperature of six areas of a drying section to adopt parabolic arc line constant-temperature drying, setting the maximum temperature of a single area of the drying section to be 79 ℃ and the total drying temperature of the six areas to be 395 ℃, wherein the temperature of each drying area is set as follows:
(4) sensory quality evaluation of tobacco flakes
The tobacco leaves before throwing and processing are dark in color, poor in color degree and black brown spots, and have a certain degree of mildewed flavor, after a series of high-strength treatments in each process, the mildewed flavor of the redried tobacco strips is obviously eliminated, and the overall quality reduction degree is not obvious from sensory evaluation results, and the main effects are that the overall style is slightly weakened, the aroma quality is slightly fine and smooth, the aroma amount is slightly insufficient, the irritation is slight, the offensive odor is slightly large, the sweet feeling is slightly good, and the overall quality grade is slightly poor.
Example 4
The tobacco leaves in the embodiment are the tobacco leaves in the middle of the Fujian production area in 2019 years.
(1) Determination of tobacco leaf mildew
The tobacco leaves are stored in a warehouse, and the tobacco leaves in the batch are dark in color, poor in color and luster, large-area black brown spots, large in mildewed flavor and high in mildewed proportion of 27.0% when detected in the process of throwing, beating and preparing the materials.
(2) Classification of tobacco leaf mildew conditions
According to the detection result of the tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves are classified as heavily mildewed tobacco leaves.
(3) Setting of technological path and processing strength of whole threshing and redrying process
According to the classification result of the tobacco leaf mildew condition, the processing technological path and the processing strength of the whole tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process are as follows,
the process route is as follows:
processing strength:
vacuum moisture regaining: two working cycles, namely vacuumizing twice, humidifying twice, vacuumizing for 45S, maintaining pressure for 20S and keeping temperature for 420S;
moistening leaves: high-strength leaf moistening, wherein the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 140 ℃, and the return air temperature is 55 ℃;
leaf and stem separation: flexibly grading and subdividing;
heating the blade: adopting high-strength blades to increase the temperature, wherein the hot air temperature of a roller is 70 ℃, and the return air temperature is 36 ℃;
redrying the leaves: adopting high-temperature redrying, setting the temperature of six areas of a drying section to be constant-temperature drying by adopting parabolic arcs, setting the maximum temperature of a single area of the drying section to be 84 ℃ and the total drying temperature of the six areas to be 409 ℃, wherein the temperature of each drying area is set as follows:
(4) sensory quality evaluation of tobacco flakes
The tobacco leaves before throwing and processing have large-area black brown spots and large mildewed flavor, after a series of high-strength treatments in each process, the mildewed flavor of the redried tobacco strips is basically eliminated, and the overall quality reduction degree is not obvious from sensory evaluation results, which is mainly reflected in that the overall style is slightly weakened, the aroma quality is slightly low, the aroma quantity is slightly insufficient, the smoke is elegant and delicate, the smoke is slightly irritant, the miscellaneous gas is increased, the sweet feeling is weakened, the taste characteristic is integrally poor, and the overall quality grade is moderate and lower.
Claims (4)
1. A threshing and redrying processing technology suitable for tobacco leaves mildewed in different degrees is characterized in that: according to the measured tobacco leaf mildew proportion result, dividing the tobacco leaves into 4 types, namely non-mildew tobacco leaves, slightly-mildew tobacco leaves, moderately-mildew tobacco leaves and heavily-mildew tobacco leaves, and then respectively determining four types of tobacco leaf processing technologies according to the classification result;
the tobacco leaf mildew proportion is the ratio of the mildew area on the leaf surface of the tobacco leaf to the whole tobacco leaf area; the detection method of the tobacco leaf mildew ratio comprises the following steps: detecting the mildew proportion of a single tobacco leaf by adopting an image vision method; randomly sampling 500 tobacco leaves, detecting the mildew proportion of the 500 tobacco leaves by the same method, and calculating the average value of the tobacco leaf mildew proportion to be used as the mildew proportion of the tobacco leaves to be processed;
the mildew ratio X of the mildew-free tobacco leaves meets the following requirements: x = 0;
the mildew ratio X of the slightly mildewed tobacco leaves meets the following requirements: x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 10.0 percent;
the mildew ratio X of the moderate mildew tobacco leaves meets the following requirements: x is more than 10.0 percent and less than or equal to 25.0 percent;
the mildew ratio X of the heavily mildewed tobacco leaves meets the following requirements: x is more than 25.0%;
the threshing and redrying processing technology of the mildew-free tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: moistening leaves, separating leaf stalks, and redrying leaves;
the threshing and redrying processing technology of the slightly moldy tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: vacuum moisture regain, leaf moistening, leaf and stem separation and leaf redrying in one working period;
the threshing and redrying processing technology of the moderate mildew tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: vacuum moisture regain, leaf moistening, leaf and stalk separation, leaf temperature increase before baking, and leaf redrying in two working periods;
the threshing and redrying processing technology of the heavily mildewed tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: vacuum moisture regain, leaf moistening, leaf and stalk separation, leaf temperature increase before baking, and leaf redrying in two working periods;
the threshing and redrying processing technology of the mildew-free tobacco leaves comprises the following specific steps:
moistening leaves: adopting low-strength leaf moistening, wherein the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 90 ℃, and the return air temperature is 40 ℃;
leaf and stem separation: soft-breaking and subdividing;
redrying the leaves: redrying the leaves at low temperature, setting the temperature of six areas of the drying section to be constant-temperature drying by adopting parabolic arcs, setting the maximum temperature of a single area of the drying section to be 69 ℃, setting the temperature of the first area to the sixth area of the drying section to be 58 ℃, 66 ℃, 69 ℃, 67 ℃, 62 ℃ and 58 ℃, and setting the total drying temperature of the six areas to be not higher than 385 ℃.
2. The threshing and redrying process for tobacco leaves with different degrees of mildew according to claim 1, characterized in that: the threshing and redrying processing technology of the slightly moldy tobacco leaves comprises the following specific steps:
vacuum moisture regaining: a working period is defined, namely, vacuumizing once, humidifying once, vacuumizing time 30S, pressure maintaining time 10S and heat preservation time 180S-240S;
moistening leaves: adopting low-strength leaf moistening, wherein the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 100 ℃, and the return air temperature is 45 ℃;
leaf and stem separation: soft-breaking and subdividing;
redrying the leaves: redrying with low-temperature leaves, setting the temperature of six zones in the drying section to be constant-temperature drying with parabolic arcs, setting the highest temperature of a single zone in the drying section to be B ℃, setting the temperature of the first zone to the sixth zone to be B ℃ minus 16 ℃, B ℃ minus 8 ℃, B ℃ minus 11 ℃, B ℃ minus 16 ℃, B ℃ is not higher than 74 ℃, and the total drying temperature of the six zones is not higher than 390 ℃.
3. The threshing and redrying process for tobacco leaves with different degrees of mildew according to claim 1, characterized in that: the processing technology for threshing and redrying the moderate mildewed tobacco leaves comprises the following specific steps:
vacuum moisture regaining: two working cycles, namely vacuumizing twice, humidifying twice, vacuumizing for 40S, maintaining pressure for 15S and keeping temperature for 270-360S;
moistening leaves: adopting medium-strength leaf moistening, wherein the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 120 ℃, and the return air temperature is 50 ℃;
leaf and stem separation: soft-breaking and subdividing;
warming leaves before baking: heating by adopting low-strength blades, wherein the hot air temperature of a roller is 60 ℃, and the return air temperature is 32 ℃;
redrying the leaves: the method comprises the steps of adopting medium-temperature redrying, setting the temperature of six zones of a drying section to be constant-temperature drying by adopting parabolic arcs, setting the highest temperature of a single zone of the drying section to be C ℃, setting the temperature of first to sixth zones of drying to be C ℃ minus 22 ℃, C ℃ minus 10 ℃, C ℃ minus 9 ℃, C ℃ minus 16 ℃, C ℃ minus 22 ℃, and C ℃ minus 80 ℃ with the C ℃ not higher than 80 ℃, and setting the total drying temperature of the six zones to be not higher than 400 ℃.
4. The threshing and redrying process for tobacco leaves with different degrees of mildew according to claim 1, characterized in that: the processing technology for threshing and redrying the heavily mildewed tobacco leaves comprises the following specific steps:
vacuum moisture regaining: two working cycles are adopted, namely vacuumizing twice and humidifying twice, wherein the vacuumizing time is 45S, the pressure maintaining time is 20S, and the heat preservation time is 360-450S;
in the leaf moistening step, high-strength leaf moistening is adopted, and the hot air temperature of a leaf moistening roller is 140 ℃ and the return air temperature is 55 ℃;
separating leaves and stems by soft beating and subdivision;
warming leaves before baking: adopting high-strength blades to increase the temperature, wherein the hot air temperature of a roller is 70 ℃, and the return air temperature is 36 ℃;
redrying the leaves: adopting high-temperature redrying, setting the temperature of six zones of the drying section to be constant-temperature drying by adopting parabolic arcs, setting the highest temperature of a single zone of the drying section to be D ℃, setting the temperature of first to sixth zones of the drying to be D ℃ minus 25 ℃, D ℃ minus 13 ℃, D ℃ minus 19 ℃, D ℃ minus 25 ℃, D ℃ is not higher than 85 ℃, and the total drying temperature of the six zones is not higher than 410 ℃.
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