CN112004084B - Code rate control optimization method and system by utilizing quantization parameter sequencing - Google Patents
Code rate control optimization method and system by utilizing quantization parameter sequencing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a code rate control optimization method utilizing quantization parameter sequencing, which comprises the following steps: (1) recording the coding information of each frame after the coding is finished; (2) using the previous frame as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction, wherein the quality of the previous frame is determined by a quantization parameter (qp) of the previous frame; (3) sequencing quantization parameters (qp) of at least three continuous frames, wherein the sequencing legality of the quantization parameters (qp) for code rate control is specified to be illegal from large to small, and other sequences are legal; (4) and eliminating quantization parameters in the inter-frame prediction to be illegal so as to optimize code rate control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of video coding/decoding, in particular to a code rate control optimization method and a code rate control optimization system by utilizing quantization parameter sequencing.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Today's society is a highly digital society, and video coding technology has been widely applied to many fields, such as cable television, digital broadcasting, video conferencing, etc. In the application process, the data processing of the computer must be matched with the processing of the video information and the transmission of the network, and the audio-visual quality must be ensured to reach the acceptable range of the general level of people. In order to save transmission bandwidth and storage space, video coding technology has been the focus of scientific research. The method has the advantages that better image quality is obtained under the limits of bandwidth, time delay, cache and the like, the coded data are efficiently transmitted under the code rate, good and stable quality is guaranteed, and the code rate control is a key technology of video coding.
In inter-frame prediction, the quality of a reference frame affects the accuracy of motion search, and thus affects the code rate and quality of a current frame. In video coding, a previous frame is generally used as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction. The quality of the previous frame is determined by the qp of the previous frame. Therefore, the qp alignment order affects the encoding effect. However, the conventional rate control does not consider the influence of qp alignment on coding. Wherein, video code rate: the video code rate is the number of data bits transmitted per unit time during data transmission, and generally, the unit used is kbps, namely kilobits per second. The popular understanding is that the sampling rate is higher, the higher the sampling rate in unit time is, the higher the precision is, and the closer the processed file is to the original file. qp, the abbreviation of quant parameter, controls the quantization step size of the residual coefficients, thus affecting the code rate and quality of the encoding. Rate Control (RC): rate control is actually an optimization algorithm for coding, and is used to realize control of the size of the video stream code stream. In the same video coding format, the code stream is large, the more information the code stream contains, and the clearer the corresponding image is. Two commonly used code stream control methods at present are VBR and CBR, where VBR is a dynamic bit rate and CBR is a fixed bit rate. CBR: abbreviation of Constant Bit Rate. When Motion occurs, the code rate is constant, the size of the code word can be reduced only by increasing QP, the image quality is poor, and when the scene is static, the image quality is good, so the image quality is unstable. This algorithm prioritizes the code rate (bandwidth). VBR: abbreviation of Variable Bit Rate. The dynamic bit rate can change with the complexity of the image, so the coding efficiency is high, and the mosaic is few when the motion occurs. The code rate control algorithm determines the used bit rate according to the image content, if the image content is simpler, less code rate is distributed (the code word seems to be more appropriate), and if the image content is complex, more code words are distributed, so that the quality is ensured, and the bandwidth limitation is also considered. Such algorithms prioritize image quality. Rate Control (RC): when transmitting compression-coded video, two issues have to be considered: video quality and transmission bandwidth, if the bandwidth is large, the video with better quality is certainly transmitted as much as possible; if the bandwidth is low, the compression ratio needs to be improved, and the code stream needs to be reduced; if the bandwidth changes dynamically, the code stream also needs to change dynamically to adapt to the bandwidth, and in any case, the code stream is closely related to the bandwidth. Meanwhile, it is desirable to obtain a high-definition restored image as much as possible, so compressing the video as much as possible within an acceptable video quality range to improve the bandwidth utilization rate is essential to the rate control. The bandwidth utilization rate is improved, and the bandwidth is reduced as much as possible under the condition of keeping the video restoration definition. Inter-frame prediction: the aim of image compression is achieved by utilizing the correlation between video image frames, namely the time correlation. In image transmission technology, video images are the main objects of interest. A video image is a temporal image sequence consisting of successive image frames spaced apart in time by a frame period, which has a greater correlation in time than in space. Most of video images have little detail change between adjacent frames, namely the video images have strong correlation between frames, and the compression ratio higher than that of intra-frame coding can be obtained by using the characteristic of the correlation of the frames to carry out inter-frame coding.
In inter-frame prediction, the quality of a reference frame affects the accuracy of motion search, and thus affects the code rate and quality of a current frame. In video coding, a previous frame is generally used as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction. The quality of the previous frame is determined by the qp of the previous frame. Therefore, the qp alignment order affects the encoding effect. However, the conventional rate control does not consider the influence of qp alignment on coding.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to: and considering the influence of qp sequence on coding, adding the characteristics of inter-frame prediction into code rate control, and utilizing quantization parameter sequencing to optimize the existing code rate control method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a method for rate control optimization using quantization parameter ordering, the method comprising:
(1) recording the coding information of each frame after the coding is finished;
(2) using the previous frame as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction, wherein the quality of the previous frame is determined by a quantization parameter (qp) of the previous frame;
(3) sequencing quantization parameters (qp) of at least three continuous frames, wherein the sequencing legality of the quantization parameters (qp) for code rate control is specified to be illegal from large to small, and other sequences are legal;
(4) and eliminating quantization parameters in the inter-frame prediction to be illegal so as to optimize code rate control.
The at least three consecutive frames are preferably three consecutive frames.
The other ordering in the step (3) is legal, and further only the ordering of the quantization parameter (qp) from small to large is legal.
The video file coded by the code rate control optimization method conforms to the video and audio coding and decoding specification of the IPTV service of China telecom.
The invention also aims to: by utilizing the quantization parameter sequencing, a system corresponding to the existing code rate control method is optimized to realize optimization.
The application provides a code rate control optimization system using quantization parameter sequencing, which comprises: the coding information recording module is used for recording the coding information of each frame after the coding is finished;
a reference frame obtaining module in coding, which adopts a previous frame as a reference frame and uses the previous frame as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction, wherein the quality of the previous frame is determined by a quantization parameter (qp) of the previous frame;
the quantization parameter sequencing module is used for sequencing quantization parameters (qp) of at least three continuous frames by utilizing the inter-frame prediction characteristic, wherein the sequencing legality of the quantization parameters (qp) for code rate control is specified to be illegal when the quantization parameters (qp) are sequenced from large to small, and other sequences are legal;
and the coding module is used for eliminating the quantization parameter which is illegal in the interframe prediction so as to optimize the code rate control.
The at least three consecutive frames are preferably three consecutive frames.
The other ordering in the step (3) is legal, and further only the ordering of the quantization parameter (qp) from small to large is legal.
The video file coded by the code rate control optimization method conforms to the video and audio coding and decoding specification of the IPTV service of China telecom.
According to the characteristics of inter prediction: the coding effect of the qp sequence from small to large is better than that of the qp sequence from large to small.
The invention considers the influence of qp sequence on coding, adds the inter-frame prediction characteristic into code rate control, utilizes quantization parameter sequencing and finally eliminates illegal sequencing, thereby optimizing the existing code rate control method.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the relationship between rate control and coding.
Fig. 2 is a graphical illustration of the ordering legitimacy specification of qp for code rate control by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Rate control is an important loop in video coding technology. Video quality and transmission bandwidth are two considerations for rate control. The code rate prioritization algorithm is referred to as cbr and the quality prioritization algorithm is referred to as vbr. The balance between the coding rate and the quality is realized by adjusting qp.
The existing code rate control is adjusted by a single frame, and the qp is adjusted once by one frame. And determining the qp size of the next frame according to the feedback of the code rate of the current frame. As shown in fig. 1, the relationship between rate control and coding is shown.
Furthermore, inter prediction: the aim of image compression is achieved by utilizing the correlation between video image frames, namely the time correlation.
And (3) reconstructing a frame: and decoding the coded code stream to obtain a frame.
Reference frame: in inter-frame prediction, a frame is used as a reference. The reconstructed frame is used as a reference frame in video coding and decoding.
qp _ next is qp of the next rate control unit (next frame) at the time of single frame rate control.
qp _ next0 is qp of the first frame of the next rate control unit in rate control of two frames.
qp _ next1 is qp of the first frame of the next rate control unit in the rate control of two frames.
qp _ current is qp of the current rate control unit.
qp _ delta is the absolute value of the difference between the next rate control unit qp and the current rate control unit qp.
Single frame rate control: the original code rate control algorithm takes a single frame as a control unit.
And (3) double-frame code rate control: the invention relates to an optimized code rate control algorithm which takes double frames as a control unit.
In combination with the characteristics of inter-frame prediction, as shown in fig. 2, the ordering validity of qp controlled by the code rate of the present invention is defined as: it is not legal to order qp of three consecutive frames from large to small.
The original code rate control is to take a single frame as a control unit, and in order to eliminate the above-mentioned illegal qp arrangement order.
As shown in fig. 3, the present application provides a method for rate control optimization using quantization parameter sorting, which removes illegal qp sorting, i.e. removes illegal sorting from large to small, so as to optimize rate control, comprising the steps of:
(1) recording the coding information of each frame after the coding is finished;
(2) using the previous frame as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction, wherein the quality of the previous frame is determined by a quantization parameter (qp) of the previous frame;
(3) sequencing quantization parameters (qp) of at least three continuous frames, wherein the sequencing legality of the quantization parameters (qp) for code rate control is specified to be illegal from large to small, and other sequences are legal;
(4) and eliminating quantization parameters in the inter-frame prediction to be illegal so as to optimize code rate control.
The at least three consecutive frames are preferably three consecutive frames.
The other ordering in the step (3) is legal, and further only the ordering of the quantization parameter (qp) from small to large is legal.
The video file coded by the code rate control optimization method conforms to the video and audio coding and decoding specification of the IPTV service of China telecom.
As shown in fig. 4, the present application further provides a rate control optimization system using quantization parameter sorting, which includes:
the coding information recording module is used for recording the coding information of each frame after the coding is finished;
a reference frame obtaining module in coding, which adopts a previous frame as a reference frame and uses the previous frame as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction, wherein the quality of the previous frame is determined by a quantization parameter (qp) of the previous frame;
the quantization parameter sequencing module is used for sequencing quantization parameters (qp) of at least three continuous frames by utilizing the inter-frame prediction characteristic, wherein the sequencing legality of the quantization parameters (qp) for code rate control is specified to be illegal when the quantization parameters (qp) are sequenced from large to small, and other sequences are legal;
and the coding module is used for eliminating the quantization parameter which is illegal in the interframe prediction so as to optimize the code rate control.
The at least three consecutive frames are preferably three consecutive frames.
The other ordering in the step (3) is legal, and further only the ordering of the quantization parameter (qp) from small to large is legal.
The video file coded by the code rate control optimization method conforms to the video and audio coding and decoding specification of the IPTV service of China telecom.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rate control with quantization parameter ordering, the method comprising:
(1) recording the coding information of each frame after the coding is finished;
(2) using the previous frame as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction, wherein the quality of the previous frame is determined by a quantization parameter (qp) of the previous frame;
(3) sequencing quantization parameters (qp) of at least three continuous frames, wherein the sequencing legality of the quantization parameters (qp) for code rate control is specified to be illegal from large to small, and other sequences are legal;
(4) the quantization parameter (qp) is rejected as illegal in inter prediction in order to optimize rate control.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least three consecutive frames are three consecutive frames.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the other ordering in step (3) is legal, and further only the ordering of quantization parameters (qp) from small to large is legal.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the video file encoded by the method complies with the video and audio encoding and decoding specification of the IPTV service in China.
5. A rate control system using quantization parameter ordering, comprising:
the coding information recording module is used for recording the coding information of each frame after the coding is finished;
a reference frame obtaining module in coding, which adopts a previous frame as a reference frame and uses the previous frame as a reference frame for inter-frame prediction, wherein the quality of the previous frame is determined by a quantization parameter (qp) of the previous frame;
the quantization parameter sequencing module is used for sequencing quantization parameters (qp) of at least three continuous frames by utilizing the inter-frame prediction characteristic, wherein the sequencing legality of the quantization parameters (qp) for code rate control is specified to be illegal when the quantization parameters (qp) are sequenced from large to small, and other sequences are legal;
and the coding module is used for eliminating the quantization parameter which is illegal in the interframe prediction so as to optimize the code rate control.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least three consecutive frames are three consecutive frames.
7. The system for rate control with quantization parameter ordering according to claim 5, wherein said other ordering in step (3) is legal further only ordering of quantization parameters (qp) from small to large is legal.
8. The system of claim 5, wherein the video file encoded by the system conforms to the China telecom IPTV service video/audio coding/decoding specification.
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