CN111998983A - Ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and in-service detection method - Google Patents
Ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and in-service detection method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111998983A CN111998983A CN202010957176.1A CN202010957176A CN111998983A CN 111998983 A CN111998983 A CN 111998983A CN 202010957176 A CN202010957176 A CN 202010957176A CN 111998983 A CN111998983 A CN 111998983A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rivet
- ultrasonic
- ring groove
- transit time
- groove rivet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an annular groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and an in-service detection method. The ring groove rivet is composed of a riser, a polished rod, a locking groove and a short tail tooth; the top surface of the rail of the ring groove rivet is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer by bonding, and a reflector is arranged at the junction of the polished rod and the locking groove; the detection method comprises the following steps: calibrating the ring groove rivet, obtaining the polished rod diameter of the calibrated rivet, the riser thickness of the rivet, the distance from the riser end face of the rivet to the reflection hole, the ultrasonic transit time and the temperature in the initial state, calibrating the riveting of the ring groove rivet, obtaining the pre-tightening force after riveting and the ultrasonic transit time, establishing a pre-tightening force-transit time difference model, determining a calibration coefficient, and obtaining the in-service pre-tightening force of the ring groove rivet by using the relation model. The invention can be used for ultrasonic pre-tightening force in-service detection, simplifies the calibration and measurement process by prefabricating the reflection hole, eliminates the influence of the sleeve on the measurement precision and improves the measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic detection, in particular to a ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and an in-service detection method.
Background
The ring groove rivet is widely applied to the field of industrial application as a special fastener. The pretightening force is an important performance index of the ring groove rivet, and in the industrial structural design and test, in order to ensure the reasonable and reliable connection design, the pretightening force of the ring groove rivet needs to be accurately measured in the connection structure. The most common method of the prior art is the strain gauge test method, i.e.: the stress is tested by sticking the strain gauge on the rod part of the annular groove rivet, the measuring result of the method is only the stress on the surface of the rivet, the internal stress of the rivet body cannot be detected, the method is easily influenced by external factors, and the measuring error and the limitation are large.
The ultrasonic bolt pretightening force detection technology is a method which is developed in recent years and has wide application range in practical work, the principle of the ultrasonic bolt pretightening force detection technology utilizes the acoustic elasticity principle of ultrasonic waves, the pretightening force of the ultrasonic bolt pretightening force detection technology is represented by the transit time difference of the ultrasonic waves in a bolt body in a stress-free state, and the ultrasonic bolt pretightening force detection technology has the following advantages: (1) the ultrasonic detection does not damage the sample of the detected piece, and the performance of the bolt can not be reduced. (2) The ultrasonic detection technology can realize the detection and monitoring of the pretightening force of a plurality of bolts in one channel. (3) The ultrasonic penetration force is good, and the detection requirement of the common bolt pretightening force can be met. (4) The ultrasonic pre-tightening force detection speed is high, and the ultrasonic pre-tightening force detection device is suitable for detecting large batches of products of the same type.
Chinese patent application CN108572040B discloses a detection method, a detection system and a detection device for in-service bolt axial force. The detection method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining the bolt diameter, the thread diameter, the sound velocity before stress, the axial length of a nut, the length of a screw, the length of a stress area of a bolt, the actual measured axial force of the bolt sample under different loads, the ultrasonic transit time corresponding to the actual measured axial force and an ultrasonic transit time-axial force model; determining a soft measurement expression according to the diameter of the bolt, the diameter of the thread, the sound velocity before stress, the axial length of the nut, the length of the screw, each measured axial force, the ultrasonic transit time and an ultrasonic transit time-axial force model; and calculating the axial force of the in-service bolt to be measured by adopting a soft measurement expression. The method adopted by the application has complex calibration and measurement processes, cannot meet the requirement for the measurement precision of the annular groove rivet with the lantern ring accessory structure, and cannot be used for more complex measurement of the annular groove rivet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an annular groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and an in-service detection method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention firstly discloses a ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection, which is characterized in that: the ring groove rivet is composed of a riser, a polished rod, a locking groove and a short tail tooth; the top surface of the rail of the ring groove rivet is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer through bonding, and a reflector is arranged at the juncture of the polish rod and the locking groove.
The reflector is a blind hole or a through hole; the shape of the ultrasonic transducer is round hole, elliptical hole, square hole and any structure capable of reflecting ultrasonic wave, and the aperture of the round hole is more than or equal to 1 mm.
The invention also discloses an in-service detection method of the ultrasonic pretightening force of the ring groove rivet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the calibrated ring groove rivet and the ring groove rivet to be detected have structures with the same specification and the same material;
(2) acquiring the diameter of a polished rod of a calibrated ring-groove rivet, the riser thickness of the rivet, the distance from the riser end face of the rivet to a reflection hole, the ultrasonic transit time and the temperature of an initial state;
(3) carrying out riveting calibration test on the ring groove rivet on the pressure sensor at the same temperature to obtain pre-tightening force and ultrasonic transit time after riveting; establishing a relation model of rivet pretightening force-ultrasonic transit time difference, and determining a calibration coefficient through curve fitting; namely: f is A delta s, wherein F is the pretightening force of the rivet, A is a calibration coefficient, and delta s is the transit time difference of the ultrasonic wave from the rail to the reflector in the annular groove rivet before and after riveting;
(4) the pretightening force of the ring groove rivet is measured, the transit time of the ultrasonic wave in the ring groove rivet before and after the in-service ring groove rivet is installed is obtained, and a relation model can be utilized: and F is A delta s, and the in-service pretightening force of the ring groove rivet is obtained.
The relationship model F ═ a Δ s is derived as follows.
According to the acoustic elasticity principle, the rivet is riveted and then is acted by a pre-tightening force, and the sound velocity is as follows: c1＝(1-kσ)C0And simultaneously, the stress section of the rivet is elongated, and the length of the stress section is as follows:
the transit time of the ultrasonic wave in the rivet after riveting is as follows:
the transit time of the ultrasonic wave in the rivet before riveting is as follows:
the ultrasonic transit time difference before and after rivet riveting is as follows:
where k σ<<1, the simplified expression is as follows:
C0the sound velocity of the ultrasonic wave before riveting without pretightening force is shown, L is the distance between a rivet head and a reflection hole, H is the thickness of the rivet head, E is the elastic modulus of the rivet, K is the long time related to materials, and sigma is the stress generated by the pretightening force after riveting the rivet.
F is the pretightening force after riveting of the rivet, and D is the diameter of the rivet polish rod; finally, the product is processed
Order to
Then there are: f ═ a Δ s.
In order to make the measurement result more accurate, the calibration coefficient is corrected by establishing an ultrasonic sound velocity-temperature relation model, and according to the ultrasonic propagation principle, the ultrasonic sound velocity and the temperature are in a first-order linear relation, namely: c (t) ═ C0(1-. alpha.DELTA.t). Wherein C (t) is the ultrasonic sound velocity at the temperature t, and alpha is the coefficient of change of the ultrasonic sound velocity with the temperature. The sound velocity of the rivet under the same specification, the same material and the same stress is measured at different temperatures, the coefficient alpha is determined, the relation between the ultrasonic sound velocity and the temperature is established, and then the detection result is corrected.
The corrected pretightening force-ultrasonic wave transit time difference relation model is as follows: f is A delta s + B delta t, wherein A is a coefficient related to ultrasonic waves and a rivet body, B is a coefficient related to the ultrasonic waves and temperature, and a parameter B is the inherent characteristic of the ultrasonic waves.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention realizes the measurement of the annular groove rivet pretightening force by an ultrasonic method. Aiming at ring groove rivets with the same specification, ultrasonic reflection holes are formed in the ring groove rivets, the ultrasonic detection stress sections of products with the same diameter and length specification are the same, and measurement errors caused by different connection thicknesses in calibration and detection are eliminated; the reflection hole is arranged at the joint of the ring groove rivet polish rod and the locking groove, so that the measurement error caused by plastic deformation of the short tail due to the stretching of a riveting tool when the rivet is extruded and installed by the lantern ring is eliminated.
Compared with the existing ultrasonic measurement method, the method can be used for ultrasonic pre-tightening force in-service detection, simplifies the calibration and measurement processes by prefabricating the reflection hole, eliminates the influence of the sleeve ring on the measurement precision, and improves the measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the connection of the detecting device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a ring groove rivet configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the dimensions of a ring groove rivet of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a ring groove rivet, 101 is a riser, 102 is a polished rod, 103 is a locking groove, 104 is a short tail tooth, 105 is an ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer, 106 is a reflection hole, 2 is an ultrasonic pretightening force measuring instrument, 201 is an ultrasonic data processor, 202 is an ultrasonic probe, 203 is a temperature sensor, D is the diameter of the polished rod, H is the thickness of the riser, and L is the distance from the end face of the riser to the reflection hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following detailed description, which is intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but is equivalent or analogous to the present invention without departing from its scope.
With reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3.
The ring groove rivet 1 for ultrasonic pretightening force detection is composed of a rail 101, a polish rod 102, a locking groove 103 and a short tail tooth 104; the top surface of the ring groove rivet rail 101 is adhered and fixed with an ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer 105, and a reflector is arranged at the junction of the polish rod and the locking groove. The reflector in this example is a reflective aperture 106.
The reflector can be a blind hole or a through hole; the shape of the ultrasonic transducer is round hole, elliptical hole, square hole and any structure capable of reflecting ultrasonic wave, and the aperture of the round hole is more than or equal to 1 mm.
The ultrasonic pretightening force measuring instrument 2 comprises an ultrasonic data processor 201, an ultrasonic probe 202 and a temperature sensor 203, wherein the ultrasonic probe and the temperature sensor are preferably provided with magnets on the outer sides for fixing the annular groove rivet 1.
During detection, the ultrasonic probe 202 is placed on the ultrasonic piezoelectric ceramic wafer 105, high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer 105 through the ultrasonic probe 202, ultrasonic longitudinal waves are generated and transmitted to the reflection hole 106 through the polish rod 102, ultrasonic echoes reflected by the reflection hole 106 are transmitted to the ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer 105 through the polish rod again, the ultrasonic echoes are converted into electric signals by the ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer 105 and transmitted back to the ultrasonic data processor 201 after being received by the ultrasonic probe 202, the temperature sensor 203 is placed near a rivet and used for temperature compensation, and the pretightening force of the rivet can be obtained through the change of the transit time difference by recording the transit time before riveting and the transit time after riveting.
The ultrasonic in-service detection method for the pretightening force of the ring groove rivet detects the ring groove rivet, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) before the rivet is installed, the diameter D of a polished rod of a ring-groove rivet sample, the riser thickness H of the rivet, the distance L from the riser end face of the rivet to a reflection hole and the ultrasonic transit time before riveting are obtained;
(2) mounting the rivet on a force transducer, and recording the pretightening force and the ultrasonic transit time of the rivet at the moment;
(3) according to the diameter D of the polish rod of the rivet, the thickness H of the riser of the rivet, the distance L from the end face of the riser of the rivet to the reflection hole, the ultrasonic transit time before riveting, the ultrasonic transit time after riveting of the rivet and the pre-tightening force after riveting, a relation model of the pre-tightening force-the ultrasonic transit time difference of the rivet is established, and a calibration coefficient is determined, namely: f is A delta s, wherein F is the pretightening force of the rivet, A is a calibration coefficient, and delta s is the transit time difference of the ultrasonic waves from the rail 101 to the reflection hole 106 in the ring groove rivet before and after riveting;
and (4) using the coefficient K calibrated in the step (3) to detect the in-service pretightening force of the rivet with the same specification.
The detection method of the present invention is described below with a specific example:
(1) and (4) measuring the dimension parameters of the rivet. FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram for measuring the size parameters of the ring groove rivet, which is used for respectively measuring the distance L from a head of the rivet to a reflection hole, the thickness H of the head of the rivet and the diameter D of a polished rod of the rivet. Take 10.9 grade rivet with nominal diameter of 24mm and short tail ring groove with rivet thickness of 75mm as an example: l90 mm, H15.5 mm, D23.8 mm.
(2) And calibrating the coefficient to be measured. Selecting ring groove rivets with the same specification and material as the ring groove rivets to be tested as the calibration of the coefficient to be tested, and respectively recording the ultrasonic transit time s before riveting0Pretightening force F after riveting and transition time s after riveting1In this example, the ultrasonic transit time s before riveting is actually measured033350ns, the ultrasonic transit time after riveting is s133445ns, the measured pretightening force is 278kN, and the measured calibration coefficient A is approximately equal to 2.926.
(3) And (5) testing and verifying. In addition, three ring groove rivets which have the same specification and material as the calibrated ring groove rivet are tested and verified on a pressure sensor, the transit time of ultrasonic waves in the rivets before and after riveting and the actual value of the pretightening force of the ring groove rivets are recorded, the measured value of the ultrasonic pretightening force is calculated according to a formula F which is A delta s, the relative error between the actual value and the measured value of the pretightening force is calculated, and the result is shown in table 1. The relative error of the ultrasonic pre-tightening force measurement value of the three ring groove rivets is 3 percent.
TABLE 1
| Ring groove rivet numbering | Sensor measurement kN | Calculated value kN by ultrasonic wave | Relative error% |
| 1 | 281 | 278.2 | 0.9 |
| 2 | 276 | 273.8 | 0.8 |
| 3 | 278 | 272.3 | 2.1 |
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an annular rivet for ultrasonic wave pretightning force detects which characterized in that: the ring groove rivet is composed of a riser, a polished rod, a locking groove and a short tail tooth; the top surface of the rail of the ring groove rivet is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer through bonding, and a reflector is arranged at the juncture of the polish rod and the locking groove.
2. An annular groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection according to claim 1, wherein: the reflector is a blind hole or a through hole.
3. An annular groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection according to claim 2, wherein: the reflector is a round hole, an elliptical hole, a square hole and a structure capable of reflecting ultrasonic waves at will, and the aperture of the round hole is larger than or equal to 1 mm.
4. An ultrasonic pre-tightening force in-service detection method of a ring groove rivet is characterized in that: in-service testing is performed on the ring groove rivet of claim 1, 2 or 3; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the calibrated ring groove rivet and the ring groove rivet to be detected have structures with the same specification and the same material;
(2) acquiring the diameter of a polished rod of a calibrated ring-groove rivet, the riser thickness of the rivet, the distance from the riser end face of the rivet to a reflection hole, the ultrasonic transit time and the temperature of an initial state;
(3) carrying out riveting calibration test on the ring groove rivet on the pressure sensor at the same temperature to obtain pre-tightening force and ultrasonic transit time after riveting; establishing a relation model of rivet pretightening force-ultrasonic transit time difference, and determining a calibration coefficient through curve fitting; namely: f is A delta s, wherein F is the pretightening force of the rivet, A is a calibration coefficient, and delta s is the transit time difference of the ultrasonic wave from the rail to the reflector in the annular groove rivet before and after riveting;
(4) the pretightening force of the ring groove rivet is measured, the transit time of the ultrasonic wave in the ring groove rivet before and after the in-service ring groove rivet is installed is obtained, and a relation model can be utilized: and F is A delta s, and the in-service pretightening force of the ring groove rivet is obtained.
5. The ring groove rivet detecting method usable for ultrasonic fastening force detection according to claim 4, characterized in that: and the calibration coefficient F ═ A Δ s is corrected by establishing an ultrasonic sound velocity-temperature relation model, and the corrected pretightening force-ultrasonic transit time difference relation model is as follows: f is a Δ s + B Δ t, where a is the calibration coefficient, B is the ultrasonic temperature-dependent calibration coefficient, and B Δ t is the temperature difference of the rivet from the initial state.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010957176.1A CN111998983A (en) | 2020-09-12 | 2020-09-12 | Ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and in-service detection method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010957176.1A CN111998983A (en) | 2020-09-12 | 2020-09-12 | Ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and in-service detection method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111998983A true CN111998983A (en) | 2020-11-27 |
Family
ID=73469692
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010957176.1A Pending CN111998983A (en) | 2020-09-12 | 2020-09-12 | Ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and in-service detection method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111998983A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113865762A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-31 | 上海天乘实业有限公司 | Ultrasonic testing device and method for axial force of blind rivet |
-
2020
- 2020-09-12 CN CN202010957176.1A patent/CN111998983A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113865762A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-31 | 上海天乘实业有限公司 | Ultrasonic testing device and method for axial force of blind rivet |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108387338B (en) | Real-time high-precision detection method and system for bolt pretightening force based on piezoelectric ultrasonic wafer | |
| US11131579B2 (en) | Piezoelectric patch-based real-time and high-precision bolt preload detection method and system | |
| CN109781332B (en) | Method for controlling bolt pre-tightening force based on axial force and elongation | |
| US5029480A (en) | Ultrasonic load indicating member | |
| CA1319972C (en) | Ultrasonic load indicating member, apparatus and method | |
| CN111208207A (en) | Bolt stress detection method | |
| CN110530571B (en) | Method for calibrating pretightening force of sensor-equipped external thread fastener | |
| CN110231116B (en) | Ultrasonic measurement method for surface stress of composite material | |
| CN114034420B (en) | Linkage device with synchronously adjustable distance and angle, transceiving module, plane stress field detection device and plane stress field detection method | |
| CN111998983A (en) | Ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection and in-service detection method | |
| CN110658129A (en) | Device for testing total friction coefficient of threaded fastener | |
| CN114001848A (en) | Method for measuring shearing force of bolt by utilizing ultrasound | |
| CN109341912B (en) | A kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces | |
| CN111238702A (en) | Bolt axial stress testing device and testing method based on ultrasonic measurement | |
| CN212482768U (en) | Ring groove rivet for ultrasonic pretightening force detection | |
| CN207946294U (en) | Cylindrical structure transversely deforming measuring device | |
| CN113624395A (en) | Bolt axial force detection coefficient calibration method based on ultrasound | |
| CN109724727B (en) | Method and device for measuring residual stress of curved surface blade of gas turbine | |
| CN113820214B (en) | Method and system for measuring Poisson's ratio of solid propellant | |
| WO2021057288A1 (en) | Pipe creep measurement system and method | |
| CN209946078U (en) | Calibration device of ultrasonic detection probe | |
| CN208902317U (en) | A kind of Axle Surface residual stress detection device | |
| CN113551824B (en) | Bolt connection interface pressure detection method and device based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient | |
| CN115389087A (en) | Method for measuring bolt pretension force based on different modal echo signals | |
| CN213933032U (en) | Device for measuring rigidity of bolt-to-connector |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |