CN111996217A - Straw bed-lying padding and livestock and poultry manure combined anaerobic fermentation method - Google Patents
Straw bed-lying padding and livestock and poultry manure combined anaerobic fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
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- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of biogas, in particular to a method for preparing biogas by straw bed padding and livestock and poultry manure combined anaerobic fermentation; simultaneously, the utility model also relates to the technical fields of environmental pollution treatment, organic waste recycling and padding in animal husbandry. Hydrolyzing the used straw bedding materials for 2-4 days at the temperature of 37 +/-2 ℃ and the pH of 6.8-7.2, and mixing the straw bedding materials with the livestock and poultry feces to form a fermentation substrate; and conveying the fermentation substrate to an anaerobic fermentation tank for medium-temperature continuous anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 37 +/-2 ℃ and the pH of 6.8-7.2. The method provided by the invention needs to add a microbial agent to start anaerobic fermentation, and simultaneously needs to provide necessary nutrient salts for the microbial agent. Biogas generated by the straw bed padding and livestock and poultry manure combined anaerobic fermentation is used for generating power or producing biogas after dehydration and desulfurization treatment; the biogas slurry is processed to be prepared into liquid organic fertilizer to be returned to the field for use; the generated biogas residues are treated to generate granular organic fertilizer. The straw bed padding and livestock and poultry excrement combined anaerobic fermentation method provided by the invention can solve the problems of idle straw, incineration and the like, solve the problem of utilization of the excrement in the farm and improve the utilization rate of the straw.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of biogas, in particular to a method for preparing biogas by straw bed padding and livestock and poultry manure combined anaerobic fermentation; meanwhile, the method also relates to the technical fields of environmental pollution treatment of animal husbandry, organic waste recycling and padding, and aims to provide a method suitable for anaerobic fermentation combining straw bedding and livestock and poultry manure.
Background
Chinese crops are various in types, and mainly comprise wheat, rice, corn, beans, potatoes, cotton, peanuts, rape, sugarcane and other coarse cereal crops. According to statistics, the total theoretical resource amount of the Chinese straws reaches 10.2 hundred million tons in 2017, wherein the amounts of the corn straws, the rice straws and the wheat straws are respectively 4.3 hundred million tons, 2.4 hundred million tons and 1.8 hundred million tons, and the ratio of the straws of the three crops reaches 83.3 percent. The amount of the collectable resources of the straws in China is 8.4 hundred million tons. The straw can be used for producing padding in a farm after being sterilized and crushed.
The straw bed-lying padding only uses crop straws which are single raw materials, and other processing is not needed to be carried out on the padding, so that the processing steps of the padding are reduced, the operation is simple, and the practicability is high.
The crops are relatively soft after being crushed, the comfort level of the cattle lying in bed is improved, and the cattle lying in bed ruminates are suitable, so that the production capacity of the cattle lying in bed is improved. Microbial agents do not need to be added in the manufacturing process of the straw bed-lying padding, so that the cost is further reduced. The straw bedding material for the bed is clean and environment-friendly, can be recycled, and has high utilization efficiency. The straw bedding material uses crop straws as raw materials, belongs to renewable resources, solves the problems of idle straw, incineration and the like, and solves the problem of recycling the excrement in the farm; the used straw bedding material for bed has wide application, and can be directly returned to the field; can also be used for the production of substrates used for cultivating edible fungi or flowers; as the manure of the straws and the cattle contains more organic matters, the organic matters can be fully utilized to carry out anaerobic fermentation to produce the methane, so that the phenomenon of accumulation of a large amount of manure in a farm is avoided, the condition of incapability of recycling is avoided, and the high-value, high-efficiency and comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes is improved.
With the development of modern agriculture in China, the quantity and the types of agricultural products are greatly enriched, but simultaneously, a plurality of problems to be solved urgently are brought, such as livestock and poultry manureAnd discharging organic wastes. According to statistics, the discharge amount of the excrement of Chinese livestock and poultry in 2017 reaches 3.98 × l09t, but the utilization rate is lower than 60 percent, and the yield of the domestic livestock and poultry manure in 2020 is expected to reach 4.24 xl 09t。
At present, livestock and poultry breeding in China gradually develops towards intensification, scale and specialization, so that the livestock and poultry manure is greatly increased, pollution is in a concentrated trend, a plurality of large pollution sources appear, the livestock and poultry pollution prevention measures are relatively lagged, the livestock and poultry manure cannot be effectively treated, and the soil, the water body and the atmosphere can be seriously influenced. Livestock and poultry manure contains a plurality of pathogenic bacteria, ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, trace elements and heavy metals, and the soil structure can be damaged if the livestock and poultry manure is directly returned to the field for use or is not properly treated. Pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and organic matters in the livestock and poultry manure can cause water body damage and pollute water sources, and after the culture wastewater is discharged, the surrounding water body and soil can be influenced through surface runoff or underground water, so that the surrounding water body is eutrophicated. Mercaptan, ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, skatole and the like in the livestock and poultry manure pollute the atmosphere and influence the air quality, wherein the influence of the ammonia gas is the greatest. The livestock and poultry manure is also a valuable agricultural resource, and the livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of nutrient elements required by plant growth, such as N, P, K, and the like, so that the livestock and poultry manure has high recycling value. The dry matter of cow dung has crude protein content, crude fat content and crude fiber content of 13.74%, 1.65% and 43.60%. With the national emphasis on environmental protection and the stricter environmental regulations, the problem of non-point source pollution caused by the discharge of livestock and poultry feces is widely concerned. Because the livestock and poultry farms are dispersed and have light environmental awareness for a long time, and the necessary guidance and constraint are lacked, the difficulty in preventing and treating the livestock and poultry breeding pollution problem is increased, and the livestock and poultry breeding pollution becomes the most important non-point source pollution source.
The pollution problem caused by the livestock and poultry manure is solved in the aspects of main source reduction, harmless treatment, resource utilization and the like of the government of China, and the technology for resource utilization of the livestock and poultry manure mainly comprises 3 aspects of feed treatment, fertilizer treatment, energy utilization and the like of the livestock and poultry manure. The method for producing the biogas by anaerobic fermentation of the livestock and poultry manure is the most economic and effective livestock and poultry manure treatment mode, the biogas is a clean and efficient renewable energy source, and the livestock and poultry manure biogas gasification technology is mature, the process is simple, and the method becomes a hotspot of current research. The livestock and poultry manure biogas gasification can not only generate clean energy, but also generate biogas slurry and biogas residues after fermentation, and can be used for producing organic fertilizers, so that the crop yield is increased.
According to the analysis, the straw bed padding is subjected to primary fermentation, contains a large amount of organic matters and can be used for methane fermentation, and meanwhile, the livestock and poultry manure is also suitable for producing methane through anaerobic fermentation, so that the straw bed padding and the livestock and poultry manure can be used for producing methane through combined anaerobic fermentation.
With respect to the combined anaerobic fermentation, the following patent documents are disclosed:
in the prior art, the invention patent of 'process technology for producing biogas by using urban domestic organic waste' (application number: 200510044266.4) discloses a method for preparing biogas by using urban domestic organic waste as a raw material.
The invention discloses a biogas production technology (application number: 200510094483.7) using kitchen waste, straws, livestock and poultry manure and activated sludge as raw materials, and discloses a method for preparing biogas by fermenting vegetable waste as raw materials. In the two biogas preparation methods, the organic wastes are mainly straws, and the reaction materials are subjected to medium-temperature anaerobic fermentation after sterilization and disinfection to prepare biogas.
An organic solid waste combined anaerobic fermentation method (application number: CN200810135300.5) discloses an organic solid waste combined anaerobic fermentation method, wherein the organic solid waste subjected to combined fermentation comprises domestic waste, residual sludge, excrement, kitchen waste, straw and the like. And (3) obtaining the homogeneous and homogeneous fermentation substrate through different pretreatment processes. The fermentation substrate is hydrolyzed and acidified under the action of hydrolase, and then is fermented for 15-25 days under the condition of medium-temperature stirring at 37 +/-2 ℃ to produce biogas.
A method for producing biogas by two-stage combined anaerobic fermentation of vegetable tails and straws (application number: CN201711138563.7) provides a method for producing biogas by two-stage combined anaerobic fermentation of vegetable tails and crop straws. In the first-stage anaerobic fermentation, a fermentation liquor is prepared by using a specific microbial inoculum and nutrient salt, and the fermentation liquor is used for treating vegetable tails to produce biogas; in the second-stage anaerobic fermentation, the biogas slurry generated after the vegetable pickle anaerobic fermentation is used for soaking straws to produce biogas, and a method which can simultaneously utilize raw materials with different characteristics to produce biogas and improve the conversion rate of the raw materials is obtained.
A dry-wet combined anaerobic fermentation reactor (application number: CN201310582031.8) is provided, which comprises a wet fermentation reactor, a dry fermentation reactor and a buffer tank, and fully combines the advantages of good mass transfer effect of the wet fermentation process, low water content of fermentation residues of the dry fermentation process and good two-phase anaerobic gas production effect, thereby effectively solving the feeding problem of the dry fermentation reactor.
The community kitchen garbage and excrement combined anaerobic fermentation system (application number: CN201520965383.6) is used for performing biological fermentation on crushed kitchen garbage to generate methane, primary solid garbage and primary liquid garbage; the methane storage bag is used for storing methane.
A process for preparing marsh gas from vinegar dregs and the excrement of fowls and animals through anaerobic fermentation (CN 201910453778.0) features that the vinegar dregs and the excrement of fowls and animals are used for anaerobic fermentation to obtain marsh gas. The method comprises the steps of firstly pretreating vinegar residue waste generated in the industrial vinegar production by using an alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution, and then mixing the pretreated vinegar residue with livestock manure and an inoculum to produce biogas through anaerobic fermentation.
The analysis shows that the existing method and device for producing the biogas by performing combined anaerobic fermentation on straws, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste and municipal sewage have the defects of low biogas production efficiency and the like. Straw bed-lying padding is used as novel padding, and a method for anaerobic fermentation combining straw bed-lying padding and livestock and poultry manure and related facility equipment are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preparing biogas by combining straw bed padding and livestock and poultry manure through anaerobic fermentation.
In order to achieve the above object, the following technical solutions are adopted.
The straw bedding material for bed is mainly made of crop straws. Straw is crushed by a straw crusher to form the cattle straw bed padding, and the particle size of the straw bed padding is required to be 2-5 mm.
The straw bed-lying padding enters a padding storage warehouse for deep treatment and aerobic fermentation sterilization, and can be used when meeting the following requirements: the number of listeria monocytogenes cannot be detected in straw bedding; no aflatoxins can be detected; staphylococcus aureus can not be detected; salmonella cannot be detected; coli: less than or equal to 50 pieces/g.
Cattle can live on straw bedding materials, excrement generated in the growth and production processes of the cattle enters the straw bedding materials, and the excrement does not need to be cleaned, so that the labor input is saved, and the breeding cost is reduced; the manure entering the straw bed-lying padding can be subjected to preliminary aerobic fermentation under the action of relevant microorganisms. The straw bed padding can be recycled after being mixed with excrement, is mainly used for biogas fermentation, and requires that the organic matter content of the straw bed padding is not lower than 95% and the granularity is less than 15-20 mm when the straw bed padding is recycled.
The livestock and poultry feces are collected through manual, feces scraping plates or mechanical feces cleaning, the collected livestock and poultry feces are pretreated, and the particles of the feces are 15-20 mm and used for anaerobic fermentation with straw bedding materials.
Conveying the pretreated straw bed-lying padding to a homogenizing tank, stirring and heating, controlling the temperature at 37 +/-2 ℃ for hydrolysis acidification, and controlling the hydrolysis time to be 2-4 days. Adding livestock and poultry manure into a homogenizing tank, wherein the mass ratio of straw bed-lying padding to the livestock and poultry manure is 1:3, mixing and reacting the fermented materials in the homogenizing tank for 3 hours, and conveying the fermented materials to an anaerobic fermentation tank by a pump. The homogenizing tank is internally provided with a stirrer and a temperature compensation system, materials are further uniformly mixed, part of suspended substances are degraded, complex organic matters are converted into simple organic matters, the granularity of solid materials is reduced to be below 15-20 mm, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the materials is adjusted to be 25: 1-30: 1, and the solid content is 8-12%.
Preferably, the materials enter the homogenizing tank in sequence, and the temperature compensation system in the homogenizing tank controls the temperature of the materials to be 35-39 ℃, so that on one hand, the homogenizing effect is improved, the biochemical performance of the materials is improved, and anaerobic digestion is facilitated; on the other hand, the pressure of temperature increase and temperature supplement of the anaerobic fermentation tank is reduced.
Preferably, the PH of the uniformly mixed materials in the homogenizing tank is controlled to be 6.8-7.2, and the residence time of the mixed materials in the homogenizing tank is about 3 hours.
And conveying the fermentation substrate formed after the treatment of the homogenizing and mixing system into an anaerobic fermentation tank through a conveying pump, and performing anaerobic fermentation by combining medium-temperature anaerobic fermentation and jet stirring to produce biogas, biogas residues and biogas slurry.
Preferably, the fermentation substrate formed after the treatment of the homogeneous mixing system is conveyed to an anaerobic fermentation tank through a conveying pump, the anaerobic fermentation is carried out by combining medium-temperature anaerobic fermentation and jet stirring, and the medium-temperature anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 10-25 days to produce biogas, biogas residues and biogas slurry.
Preferably, the fermentation process periodically extracts part of the anaerobic fermentation residues every day and supplements the same amount of fermentation substrate. The automatic control system feeds and discharges materials regularly and quantitatively.
Preferably, the jet flow circulation stirring is performed to extract liquid from 2/3 at the height of the anaerobic reactor to form high-speed fluid, the high-speed fluid passes through the self-suction jet device to suck biogas compressed by an air compressor at the top of the pool, and the formed mixed liquid is injected into the anaerobic fermentation tank through the synergistic distributor in the fermentation tank, so that the material vertically flows in the fermentation tank.
Preferably, the temperature of the medium-temperature fermentation is controlled to be 37 +/-2 ℃, and the anaerobic fermentation tank ensures the temperature of the medium-temperature fermentation through a heat exchanger. In order to ensure that the anaerobic reaction can still normally operate in winter, the system is subjected to overall heat preservation measures.
Preferably, the pH of the medium-temperature fermentation is controlled to be 6.8-7.2.
After the fermentation substrate enters the fermentation tank, corresponding microbial agents need to be inoculated to start anaerobic fermentation.
Adding nutrient salt into the liquid in the fermentation tank according to the volume ratio of 6 per mill, wherein the nutrient salt is prepared from calcium acetate, calcium propionate, calcium butyrate, urea and calcium superphosphate.
Aging and desalting the biogas slurry, discharging the biogas slurry into an aeration tank for aeration and aging, and desalting the aging liquid into a humus liquid fertilizer through electrodialysis;
adding water-retaining agents such as polyacrylamide sodium and polyacrylamide into the obtained biogas residues, mixing, stirring uniformly, and granulating to obtain the humus granular fertilizer.
The invention is characterized in that:
(1) the invention is characterized in that a method for carrying out combined anaerobic fermentation on straw bed-lying padding and livestock and poultry manure is provided.
(2) This straw bed pad only uses this single kind of raw materials of crop straw, need not carry out other processing again to the pad, has reduced the processing step to the pad, easy operation, and the practicality is strong, helps solving the idle, burning scheduling problem of straw simultaneously.
(3) According to the invention, the livestock and poultry excrement and straw bed padding are combined for anaerobic fermentation, so that the problem of recycling the excrement in a farm is solved, a large amount of excrement accumulation phenomenon cannot be generated in the farm, the condition of incapability of recycling is avoided, and the environment pollution caused by the livestock and poultry excrement is favorably relieved.
(4) Biogas generated after the straw bedding materials and the livestock and poultry manure are subjected to combined anaerobic fermentation can be used as renewable energy for energy supply or output; the biogas slurry is aged and desalted to prepare a liquid organic fertilizer, and the biogas residue is prepared into a humus granular fertilizer.
(5) The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate is proper, the substrate feedback inhibition effect during single material fermentation is avoided, the hydrolysis effect of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and the like can be enhanced, the flow state is easy to control, the energy consumption is low, and high-quality biogas slurry and humus granular fertilizer can be obtained.
(6) The invention produces the biogas by carrying out combined anaerobic fermentation on the straw bed-lying padding and the livestock and poultry manure, so that the agricultural wastes are highly valued, efficient and comprehensive.
The method is scientific and reasonable, and the straw bed-lying padding and the livestock and poultry feces are subjected to combined anaerobic fermentation to produce energy, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer can be produced, so that the comprehensive utilization rate of the livestock and poultry feces and the straw is promoted.
Claims (12)
1. The invention provides a method for preparing biogas by straw bed padding and livestock and poultry manure combined anaerobic fermentation, which aims to solve the problems of straw bed padding and livestock and poultry manure combined anaerobic fermentation, solve the problems of straw burning, livestock and poultry manure accumulation and other environments and the like, improve the utilization rate of straw and livestock and poultry manure, and achieve the aim of ecological recycling.
2. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the raw materials used for anaerobic fermentation are straw bed-lying padding and livestock and poultry feces produced by straws, and the straw bed-lying padding is subjected to primary fermentation in the using process; the livestock and poultry manure is a pollution source which needs to be treated urgently in the processes of ecological civilization construction and beautiful country construction at present.
3. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the straw bed-lying padding for combined anaerobic fermentation is recycled, the organic matter content is not lower than 95%, and the granularity is less than 15-20 mm.
4. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: uniformly stirring the straw bed padding in a homogenizing tank, hydrolyzing and acidifying, controlling the acidifying temperature to be 37 +/-2 ℃, controlling the PH to be 6.8-7.2, and controlling the hydrolyzing time to be 2-4 days.
5. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: adding livestock and poultry manure into a homogenizing tank, wherein the mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to straw bed padding is 3:1, and a fermentation substrate with the granularity of 15-20 mm, the carbon-nitrogen ratio (25: 1-30: 1) and the solid content of 8-12% is formed under the action of a stirrer.
6. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) carrying out medium-temperature continuous anaerobic fermentation on the fermentation substrate in an anaerobic fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation period is 10-25 days.
7. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the temperature of the combined anaerobic fermentation is controlled to be 37 +/-2 ℃, the PH value is controlled to be 6.8-7.2, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation tank is ensured to be at the medium temperature through a heat exchanger.
8. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the combined anaerobic fermentation method needs to add a biological agent consisting of fiber decomposing bacteria, protein decomposing bacteria, fat decomposing bacteria, methane bacteria and the like to start the anaerobic fermentation process.
9. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the combined anaerobic fermentation method is characterized in that nutritive salt is added, and the nutritive salt is prepared from calcium acetate, calcium propionate, calcium butyrate, urea and calcium superphosphate.
10. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the biogas generated by the combined anaerobic fermentation method is dehydrated and desulfurized and then is used for power generation or used as biogas.
11. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the biogas slurry generated by the combined anaerobic fermentation method is aged, desalted, aged and electroosmotic to produce the liquid organic fertilizer.
12. The straw bed-in bedding and livestock manure combined anaerobic fermentation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and adding water retention agents such as polyacrylamide sodium and polyacrylamide into biogas residues generated by the combined anaerobic fermentation method, mixing, stirring uniformly, and granulating to obtain the humus granular fertilizer.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112662527A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-16 | 山西能投生物质能开发利用股份有限公司 | Straw livestock and poultry manure co-production biogas and organic fertilizer system |
| CN112795597A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-05-14 | 南昌大学 | Method for acclimatizing paddy field soil and promoting straw rapid hydrolysis |
| CN112830821A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 国能生物发电集团有限公司 | Biomass and livestock and poultry manure coupling poly-generation method |
| CN112877369A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-06-01 | 国能生物发电集团有限公司 | Method for preparing CNG, LNG and biological dry ice from biomass and livestock and poultry manure |
| CN113767834A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-10 | 安徽农业大学 | Innocent treatment device system and method for poultry excrement |
| CN113999062A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-02-01 | 内蒙古华蒙科创环保科技工程有限公司 | Biogas slurry organic fertilizer formula for promoting efficient and rapid growth of tung trees |
-
2020
- 2020-09-08 CN CN202010937226.XA patent/CN111996217A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112662527A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-16 | 山西能投生物质能开发利用股份有限公司 | Straw livestock and poultry manure co-production biogas and organic fertilizer system |
| CN112830821A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 国能生物发电集团有限公司 | Biomass and livestock and poultry manure coupling poly-generation method |
| CN112877369A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-06-01 | 国能生物发电集团有限公司 | Method for preparing CNG, LNG and biological dry ice from biomass and livestock and poultry manure |
| CN112795597A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-05-14 | 南昌大学 | Method for acclimatizing paddy field soil and promoting straw rapid hydrolysis |
| CN113999062A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-02-01 | 内蒙古华蒙科创环保科技工程有限公司 | Biogas slurry organic fertilizer formula for promoting efficient and rapid growth of tung trees |
| CN113767834A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-10 | 安徽农业大学 | Innocent treatment device system and method for poultry excrement |
| CN113767834B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-10-11 | 安徽农业大学 | Innocent treatment device system and method for poultry excrement |
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