CN111994966A - Method for recycling waste ternary positive electrode under high-temperature condition of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere - Google Patents
Method for recycling waste ternary positive electrode under high-temperature condition of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere Download PDFInfo
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- CN111994966A CN111994966A CN202010700163.6A CN202010700163A CN111994966A CN 111994966 A CN111994966 A CN 111994966A CN 202010700163 A CN202010700163 A CN 202010700163A CN 111994966 A CN111994966 A CN 111994966A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/08—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention designs a method for recycling a waste ternary positive electrode under a high-temperature condition of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere. A method for recycling waste ternary anodes under the high-temperature condition of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery material recycling. The method comprises the following steps: in argon-hydrogen atmosphere, adding proper amount of sulfur powder to produce H2S atmosphere; by means of H2S and roasting the waste ternary cathode material under a high-temperature condition; after the roasted product is subjected to acid washing by a citric acid solution, residual lithium and impurity aluminum in the waste anode material can be effectively separated from nickel, cobalt and manganese; the primary liquid phase (residual lithium and impurity aluminum) is recovered by sodium carbonate lithium precipitation, and the primary solid phase (sulfide of nickel, cobalt and manganese) needs secondary acid washing and redissolving and is used for regenerating the ternary cathode material. The invention provides the recovery of the waste lithium ion batteryA new approach is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery material recovery, and particularly relates to a method for selectively recovering valuable metals in a ternary positive electrode material of a waste lithium ion battery and regenerating a precursor by high-temperature roasting.
Background
The excellent performance of the lithium ion battery brings a very wide application market for the lithium ion battery, so that the output of the lithium ion battery is increasing day by day, but a problem exists at the same time, namely a large amount of waste lithium ion batteries are urgently needed to be recycled. The waste lithium ion battery is called as an urban mine because of being rich in various valuable metals, and the economic value of the recovery of the waste lithium ion battery is also ensured. Taking ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese cathode materials as an example, how to simply and efficiently recover organic metals in the ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese cathode materials is researched. Wet acid leaching, which is the most industrialized recovery process, has the advantages of large and fast treatment capacity, low requirement on treatment objects and the like, but various impurities are inevitably introduced into the leaching solution, so that the subsequent metal separation is difficult, and the whole process flow is long and complicated. In addition, in addition to the impurity effects, significant lithium remains in the end-of-life or damaged failed battery positive electrode material and accompanies the leaching process into the leachate, hindering the possibility of using the leachate directly for material regeneration.
At present, a great deal of related research reports are provided for recycling ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese cathode materials of waste lithium ion batteries. For example, the Chinese patent CN108103323A is used for discharging and splitting waste batteries, soaking in an organic solvent and calcining in an oxygen atmosphere, so that the obtained material retains the activity of a positive electrode material and achieves the purposes of recovery and regeneration; for another example, chinese patent CN107699692A utilizes organic acid leaching, and obtains gel or precipitate by adjusting the pH value of the leaching solution, and then calcines, grinds and regenerates to obtain a lithium ion battery material; and Chinese patent CN105789726A obtains the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor by acid washing, sodium hydroxide deironing, nickel-cobalt-manganese concentration adjustment and sodium carbonate coprecipitation. It is easy to find that the above research reports do not consider the influence of the residual lithium or impurities (aluminum impurities introduced by aluminum foil) on the recycled material, so a more complete process is needed to solve the influence of the residual lithium and aluminum impurities and obtain the recycled material with excellent performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that residual lithium and impurity aluminum which are not contacted in the traditional recovery and regeneration process are solved, and the invention provides a selective separation and recovery method. Aim atOver-production H2And (3) high-temperature roasting and citric acid pickling in the S atmosphere are carried out, so that residual lithium and impurity aluminum in the waste anode material are effectively separated from a main recovery object (nickel, cobalt and manganese), and the nickel, cobalt and manganese are recycled to regenerate 523 ternary precursor. The process flow of recovery and regeneration is simplified, and meanwhile, the structural performance of the regenerated ternary precursor material is not influenced by residual lithium and impurity aluminum.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the method for recycling the waste ternary positive electrode under the high-temperature condition of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere comprises the following steps:
step (1): waste ternary positive electrode material is placed in argon-hydrogen atmosphere, and is supplemented with sulfur powder to generate H in high-temperature environment2S atmosphere, and converting the metal oxide in the waste into sulfide;
step (2): performing primary acid washing on the roasted product obtained in the step (1) by using a citric acid solution, and achieving the effect of separating impurities by using the solubility difference of substances, namely a liquid phase (residual lithium and impurity aluminum) and a solid phase (sulfide of nickel, cobalt and manganese);
and (3): lithium ions in the primary liquid phase in the step (2) can be recovered by adding sodium carbonate to obtain lithium carbonate precipitate, and nickel, cobalt and manganese in the primary solid phase can enter the liquid phase again through secondary acid leaching to obtain a ternary precursor solution;
and (4): and (3) adding soluble metal salt to adjust the metal ratio of the precursor solution to Ni, Co and Mn, namely 5:2:3, adjusting the pH value by adopting concentrated ammonia water and concentrated NaOH solution, and carrying out coprecipitation to obtain the ternary precursor.
Further, the using amount mass ratio of the waste anode material and the sulfur powder in the step (1) is 1: 2-5, the hydrogen content in the argon-hydrogen atmosphere is 5-10%, the calcining temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-3 h.
Further, the concentration of the citric acid solution in the step (2) is 1-8 mol/L, the reaction temperature is 20-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 h.
Further, the acid adopted in the secondary acid washing process in the step (3) is one of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, the concentration is 1-6 mol/L, the reaction temperature is 20-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 h.
Further, the pH value in the step (4) is regulated to 10-14.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) h generated by utilizing sulfur powder and argon-hydrogen protective gas to control2The content of S atmosphere can efficiently convert metal oxides in the waste ternary material into sulfide.
(2) The Ni-Co-Mn sulfide can not be dissolved in the citric acid solution, and the acidity of the citric acid can accelerate the dissolution process of lithium sulfide and aluminum sulfide (H is generated by reaction)2The S gas enables the dissolving process to be carried out positively), and the negative influence of residual lithium and impurity aluminum in the waste on the subsequent regenerated ternary material is greatly reduced. Further utilizing the difference of carbonate properties, lithium metal can be precipitated and recovered from a liquid phase containing aluminum as an impurity.
(3) The separation of impurities and the preparation of the precursor solution both shorten the whole process flow, avoid the lengthy process of multi-metal step recovery, and the practical value of the regenerated material ensures the recovery benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a recovery flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of a product prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of a product prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of a product prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Waste ternary positive electrode material is placed in argon-hydrogen atmosphere (5% H)2Content), sulfur powder is supplemented, wherein the mass ratio of the positive electrode to the sulfur powder is 1:2, calcining in a tubular furnace at the calcining temperature of 800 ℃ for 2 hours;
(2) cooling the obtained roasted product, allowing the cooled roasted product to pass through 1mol/L citric acid solution at 25 ℃, reacting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain a liquid phase and a solid phase;
(3) adding the obtained solid phase2mol/L H2SO4Reacting in the solution at 25 ℃ for 1h to obtain a ternary precursor solution;
(4) adding corresponding sulfate to regulate the ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the solution to 5:2:3, then adopting concentrated ammonia water and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution to regulate and control the pH value to 10, and carrying out coprecipitation to form a nickel, cobalt and manganese ternary precursor.
Example 2
(1) Waste ternary positive electrode material is placed in argon-hydrogen atmosphere (5% H)2Content), sulfur powder is supplemented, wherein the mass ratio of the positive electrode to the sulfur powder is 1: 3, calcining in a tubular furnace at the calcining temperature of 900 ℃ for 3 hours;
(2) cooling the obtained roasted product, allowing the cooled roasted product to pass through 2mol/L citric acid solution at 40 ℃, reacting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain a liquid phase and a solid phase;
(3) the solid phase obtained is added to 2mol/L H2SO4Reacting in the solution at 40 ℃ for 1h to obtain a ternary precursor solution;
(4) adding corresponding sulfate to regulate the ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the solution to 5:2:3, then adopting concentrated ammonia water and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution to regulate and control the pH value to 10, and carrying out coprecipitation to form a nickel, cobalt and manganese ternary precursor.
Example 3
(1) Waste ternary positive electrode material is placed in argon-hydrogen atmosphere (5% H)2Content), sulfur powder is supplemented, wherein the mass ratio of the positive electrode to the sulfur powder is 1: 4, calcining in a tube furnace at the calcining temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 hours;
(2) cooling the obtained roasted product, allowing the cooled roasted product to pass through 1mol/L citric acid solution at the temperature of 60 ℃, reacting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain a liquid phase and a solid phase;
(3) the solid phase obtained is added to 2mol/L H2SO4Reacting in the solution at 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain a ternary precursor solution;
(4) adding corresponding sulfate to regulate the ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the solution to 5:2:3, then adopting concentrated ammonia water and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution to regulate and control the pH value to 10, and carrying out coprecipitation to form a nickel, cobalt and manganese ternary precursor.
The above description is only a basic description of the present invention, and any equivalent changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for recycling a waste ternary positive electrode under a high-temperature condition in a hydrogen sulfide atmosphere is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): waste ternary positive electrode material is placed in argon-hydrogen atmosphere, and is supplemented with sulfur powder to generate H in high-temperature environment2S atmosphere, and converting the metal oxide in the waste into sulfide;
step (2): performing primary acid washing on the roasted product obtained in the step (1) by using a citric acid solution, and achieving the effect of separating impurities by using the solubility difference of substances, namely a liquid phase (residual lithium and impurity aluminum) and a solid phase (sulfide of nickel, cobalt and manganese);
and (3): lithium ions in the primary liquid phase in the step (2) can be recovered by adding sodium carbonate to obtain lithium carbonate precipitate, and nickel, cobalt and manganese in the primary solid phase can enter the liquid phase again through secondary acid leaching to obtain a ternary precursor solution;
and (4): and (3) adding soluble metal salt to adjust the metal ratio of the precursor solution to Ni, Co and Mn, namely 5:2:3, adjusting the pH value by adopting concentrated ammonia water and concentrated NaOH solution, and carrying out coprecipitation to obtain the ternary precursor.
2. The method for manufacturing the waste ternary positive electrode under the high-temperature hydrogen sulfide atmosphere condition is characterized in that the using amount mass ratio of the waste positive electrode material and the sulfur powder in the step (1) is 1: 2-5, the proportion of hydrogen in the argon-hydrogen atmosphere is 5-10%, the calcining temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-3 h.
3. The method for manufacturing the waste ternary positive electrode under the high-temperature hydrogen sulfide atmosphere condition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the citric acid solution in the step (2) is 1-8 mol/L, the reaction temperature is 20-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 hours.
4. The method for manufacturing the waste ternary positive electrode under the high-temperature condition of the hydrogen sulfide atmosphere according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the acid adopted in the secondary acid leaching process in the step (3) is one of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, the concentration of the acid is 1-6 mol/L, the reaction temperature is 20-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 hours.
5. The method for manufacturing the waste ternary positive electrode under the high-temperature hydrogen sulfide atmosphere according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH in the step (4) is controlled to be 10 to 14.
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| CN202010700163.6A CN111994966A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Method for recycling waste ternary positive electrode under high-temperature condition of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115747494A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-03-07 | 中南大学 | Method for extracting metallic lithium from anode material of waste lithium ion battery |
| WO2023156448A1 (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2023-08-24 | Umicore | Process for the recovery of li, ni and co |
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2020
- 2020-07-20 CN CN202010700163.6A patent/CN111994966A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107046154A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-15 | 中科过程（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of method that useless ternary lithium battery strengthens reducing leaching |
| CN108220607A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of method that lithium is recycled from waste material containing lithium electrode |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023156448A1 (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2023-08-24 | Umicore | Process for the recovery of li, ni and co |
| CN115747494A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-03-07 | 中南大学 | Method for extracting metallic lithium from anode material of waste lithium ion battery |
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Application publication date: 20201127 |