CN111988763B - Bus-networking position privacy protection method based on bus cache - Google Patents

Bus-networking position privacy protection method based on bus cache Download PDF

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CN111988763B
CN111988763B CN202010883719.XA CN202010883719A CN111988763B CN 111988763 B CN111988763 B CN 111988763B CN 202010883719 A CN202010883719 A CN 202010883719A CN 111988763 B CN111988763 B CN 111988763B
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CN111988763A (en
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崔杰
陈学峰
杨明
仲红
张静
魏璐
许艳
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Anhui University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/42—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for mass transport vehicles, e.g. buses, trains or aircraft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a bus-caching-based location privacy protection method for a vehicle networking, wherein a bus acquires a POI pool from an LBSP according to route information of the bus, selects part of POI data from the POI pool according to the current location of the bus to form a POI list and broadcasts the POI list to surrounding vehicles in the driving process, a private bus stores the POI list into a local cache of the bus after receiving the broadcast and verifying the identity of the bus, when the private bus needs to inquire the POI information, the private bus firstly searches the local cache, and if the private bus does not hit the POI information, an inquiry request is sent to the LBSP in a k-anonymous mode; the method can effectively improve the cache updating efficiency, reduce the communication overhead during cache updating, reduce the communication times between the vehicle and the LBSP, and improve the difficulty of vehicle position tracking of an enemy by utilizing the LBS query request data of the vehicle, thereby effectively improving the position privacy level of the vehicle.

Description

Bus-networking position privacy protection method based on bus cache
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vehicle networking position privacy safety protection, in particular to a bus cache-based vehicle networking position privacy protection method.
Background
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) have been studied for many years since the invention of mobile ad hoc networks. The advent of numerous emerging technologies has fueled the continued growth of the internet of vehicles (IoV). At present, many governments compete to invest in the promotion of 5G. The 5G network supports low latency, high data rate, high bandwidth, high capacity and flexible vehicle-to-all (V2X) communications among other features. As a superset of traditional VANET, internet of vehicles is one of the important applications of 5G networks.
The so-called internet of vehicles (IoV) is an integrated and open network system that includes heterogeneous networks, users, and vehicles, and also includes vehicle continuous awareness, computing, and storage capabilities. Different types of vehicles communicate wirelessly with neighboring vehicles or infrastructure using a unified communication protocol. There are two wireless communication protocols available for use in vehicle networking, referred to as dedicated short range spectrum (DSRC) and cellular vehicle-to-all (C-V2X), respectively. Both protocols support V2X communications, including vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-pedestrian, and vehicle-to-infrastructure, which is transparent to applications. By using the 5G technology, the number of accidents can be reduced and the road use condition can be improved in the Internet of vehicles.
By sharing data between the vehicle and the server, security and entertainment applications may be implemented in the Internet of vehicles environment. The security applications respond in time based on road information, while entertainment applications, such as navigation, music, and video applications, improve the user experience during travel. Location Based Services (LBS) are widely used in the internet of vehicles environment as one of the most critical entertainment applications.
In the LBS application, the vehicle first transmits a query request, which contains the current location of the vehicle and query keywords capable of reflecting the interest of the vehicle, to an LBS provider (LBS p). The LBSP then returns keyword-based response data containing data about points of interest (POIs) near the current location of the vehicle, such as restaurants, gas stations, parking lots, and garages. Just as coins have both sides, while a vehicle user enjoys a good user experience provided by the LBS, the location privacy of the vehicle may be compromised because the LBS p possesses the true location or trajectory data of the vehicle, and the leakage of vehicle location information may have serious consequences, such as personal crime.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a bus cache-based location privacy protection method for the internet of vehicles.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a bus-cache-based car networking location privacy protection method, which sequentially comprises the following steps of:
step S1, initialization process:
(1.1) initialization of the trusted center TA: the credible center TA randomly selects two large prime numbers p, q and a nonsingular elliptic curve y2＝x3+ax+b mod p，a,b∈FpAnd randomly selecting a q-order generator P in the group G; TA selection
Figure BDA0002654916150000021
As a private key and computes a corresponding public key Ppub＝kTAP, the trust center TA then selects a symmetric encryption function E pi (·)/D pi (·) and a secure hash function: h: {0,1}*→Zq(ii) a TA broadcasts the common parameter ψ ═ { P, q, a, b, P, h, KT a, Ppub };
through an initialization process, the public parameters are preloaded into the vehicle by the trusted center TA, and the parameters are used for identity authentication when private cars and buses are registered.
(1.2) registering a private car and a bus in a trusted center TA respectively, and acquiring corresponding certificates;
step S2, authentication process: the private car uses the id and the certificate of the bus to carry out authentication;
step S3, broadcast procedure, namely: the bus first acquires a pool of POIs from a location based service provider LBSP and stores them in an on-board unit (OBU) of the bus; then, when the bus drives, selecting nearby POI data from the POI pool based on the current position of the bus to generate a POI list and broadcasting the POI list to surrounding private cars; the specific process is as follows:
and (3.1) acquiring a POI pool. In order to utilize the POI cache data to the maximum extent, the POI data frequently visited by the vehicle is selected for caching and broadcasting, and the private car carries out identity authentication after receiving the message broadcasted by the bus; after receiving the POI list broadcasted by the bus, the private bus caches the POI list in the bus;
(3.1.1) before the bus departs, a request message is sent to the LBSP to acquire a point of interest (POI) near the current position, and the format is as follows: { id, routeidThe id represents the identity of the bus, and buses with the same line use the same id when sending requests; routeidRepresenting the route information of the bus, namely the route track of the id bus;
(3.1.2) the LBSP generates a POI pool according to the popularity of POIs around the bus route and other background knowledge (such as additional information of weather conditions, road conditions, the number of remaining parking spaces in a surrounding parking lot and the like), and then sends a response message to the bus, wherein the format of the response message is as follows: { id, PPid,timestamp}；
The POI pool of the bus id request is then represented as:
Figure BDA0002654916150000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002654916150000032
is the geographic location of the kth POI,
Figure BDA0002654916150000033
and
Figure BDA0002654916150000034
name and category of POI, vehicle usage, respectively
Figure BDA0002654916150000035
And
Figure BDA0002654916150000036
using the POI information as a keyword to inquire the POI information;
Figure BDA0002654916150000037
including information related to the POI, such as the address of the POI and additional data; PP (polypropylene)idRepresenting a POI pool generated by the LBSP for the id bus; timestamp represents the timestamp of when the LBSP generates the POI pool;
and (3.2) in order to reduce the broadcast packet loss rate, the bus needs to select some POIs from the POI pool to generate a POI list corresponding to the broadcast.
The bus lines are naturally separated by stations in the middle, and the distance between each station is approximately the same; when the bus stops at the mth station, selecting POI data near the bus route from the mth station to the (m + 1) th station from the POI pool to generate a POI list; the list format of the bus broadcast is defined as { id, PL due to the need for local queries and cache updatesidT }; PL represents a POI list which is generated by selecting a specified number of POI information from a POI pool and is convenient to broadcast by the bus;
Figure BDA0002654916150000038
PLidrepresenting a list of POIs, in the same format as a PP, including location information of the POIs and data related to the POIs, PLidThe POI in (1) is appended with a timestamp T from the POI pool to generate a POI list; the LBSP stores a POI pool corresponding to each route bus in a server buffer area so as to directly respond to POI pool acquisition requests from different buses on the same route;
(3.3) broadcasting POI list, namely, in road driving, bus in TgapPeriodically broadcasting the POI list, T, it generates for an intervalgapSet to 8 to 10 seconds; the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly constructing a set PL ═ { p) by the broadcasted POI dataiN }, if { (current time-last broadcast time) for bus a to broadcast the POI listWorkshop)<Tgap}, starting to broadcast the POI list PL of the bus ididAnd monitoring the broadcast from the surrounding buses, naming the surrounding buses as B, and stopping the broadcast if the id of B is the same as A and Btmestamp is more than or equal to Atimestmap.
Step S4, cache update process:
(4.1) location based service provider LBSP updates only modified or added POI data to reduce communication costs and storage overhead. The LBSP analyzes the query requests sent by most vehicles and checks for updates of POIs, performs operations such as adding, deleting, and modifying data in the POI pool, assuming that the LBSP is in UgapPush update patch (U) at intervalsgapIs determined by the PP during this periodidThe number of POI changes in (c), for example, can be set to 1 to 3 hours); LBSP updates the generated patch Up: { id, sigma, timestamp } is pushed to the bus, and sigma represents the content of the patch file;
(4.2) the bus receives the updated patch file from the LBSP and incorporates the patch into the PP stored on the busidMeanwhile, the timestamp in the POI pool will be replaced by the timestamp in the update patch, so the data in the POI pool is up-to-date;
(4.3) if the private car's local cache already has POI cache data from buses with the same id, then comparing their timestamps; subsequently, the POI list with older timestamp is deleted from the local cache and the POI list with newer timestamp is stored.
Step S5, query process:
(5.1) before LBS, the keyword is used by the private car
Figure BDA0002654916150000041
And
Figure BDA0002654916150000042
) Retrieving in a local cache;
(5.2) if the same POI is retrieved in a different POI list, selecting data in the POI list with a newer timestamp;
(5.3) if POI data which is wanted to be inquired cannot be retrieved in the local cache, generating k-1 false positions through a virtual position generator, and then sending k inquiry requests to the LBSP, wherein only one request contains the real position of the vehicle.
Has the advantages that: according to the method, a bus acquires a POI pool from an LBSP according to route information, selects part of POI data from the POI pool according to the current position of the bus to form a POI list and broadcasts the POI list to surrounding vehicles in the driving process, a private bus stores the POI list into a local cache of the bus after receiving the broadcast and verifying the identity of the bus, when the private bus needs to inquire the POI information, the private bus firstly searches the local cache, and if the cache is not hit, an inquiry request is sent to the LBSP in a k anonymous mode. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and disadvantages:
(1) the invention provides a caching scheme with better performance based on an entity of the bus, is not limited by the mandatory assumption that roadside units (RSUs) are fully deployed, and can be realized by only utilizing the existing bus;
(2) the cache strategy and the k anonymous query technology are organically combined, so that the balance between privacy protection and performance overhead is effectively obtained;
(3) the cache updating part of the invention adopts an increment updating technology, so that the communication overhead is lower when the cache data on the bus is updated, and the burden of the cache updating on the network is reduced.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a data flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the system flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the examples.
As shown in fig. 1, five participants are involved in an embodiment of the present invention, namely, a trust center TA, a location based service provider LBSP, a roadside base station BS, and a bus and a private car equipped with an OBU. By means of the OBU equipped wireless communication module, vehicles (buses and private cars) are able to communicate with the trust center TA, the location based service provider LBSP and other vehicles.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the method for protecting privacy of locations in internet of vehicles based on bus caching in the embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) the system initialization process comprises the following steps:
(1.1) initialization of the trusted center TA: the credible center TA randomly selects two large prime numbers p, q and a nonsingular elliptic curve y2＝x3+ax+b mod p，a,b∈FpAnd randomly selecting a q-order generator P in the group G; TA selection
Figure BDA0002654916150000051
As a private key and computes a corresponding public key Ppub＝kTAP, the trust center TA then selects a symmetric encryption function E pi (·)/D pi (·) and a secure hash function: h: {0,1}*→Zq(ii) a TA broadcasts the common parameter ψ ═ { P, q, a, b, P, h, KT a, Ppub };
(1.2) registering private cars and buses in TA and acquiring certificates;
(2) the private car uses the id and the certificate of the bus to carry out authentication;
(3) and (3) broadcasting:
the bus first acquires the POI pools from the LBSP and stores them in the bus's on-board unit (OBU). Then, while the bus is driving, some nearby POI data are picked out from the POI pool based on the current location of the bus to generate a POI list and broadcast them to surrounding private cars. The detailed process is as follows:
and (3.1) acquiring a POI pool. In order to utilize the POI cache data to the maximum extent, POI data frequently visited by the vehicle is selected for caching and broadcasting. After receiving the message broadcast by the bus, the private car performs identity authentication by using the process 2.1. To find such popular POI data, the present embodiment assumes that the LBSP has a history of POIs queried data in a city, and does not involve privacy of individual vehicles.
(3.1.1 before departure, the bus sends a request message to the LBSP to acquire the POI, and the format is as follows: { id, routeidAnd d, wherein id represents the identity of the bus, and the buses with the same line use the same id when sending the request. routeidRepresenting route information for the bus.
(3.1.2) the LBSP generates a POI pool according to the popularity of POI around the bus route and other background knowledge, and then sends a response message to the bus, wherein the format of the response message is as follows: { id, PPidTime estimate }. The POI pool of bus id requests is represented as
Figure BDA0002654916150000061
Wherein
Figure BDA0002654916150000062
Is the geographic location of the kth POI,
Figure BDA0002654916150000063
and
Figure BDA0002654916150000064
respectively the name and the category of the POI,
Figure BDA0002654916150000065
including information related to the POI, such as the address of the POI and additional data;
and (3.2) generating a POI list. In order to reduce the broadcast packet loss rate, the bus needs to select some POIs from the POI pool and generate a POI list suitable for broadcasting. The bus routes are naturally separated by stations in the middle, and the distance between each station is approximately the same. And when the bus stops at the mth station, selecting POI data near the bus route from the mth station to the (m + 1) th station from the POI pool to generate a POI list. The list format of the bus broadcast may be defined as { id, PL, T } due to the need for local queries and cache updates. id is used in procedure 2.1. PL represents a POI list, which is in the same format as PP, including location information of POIs and data related to POIs. These POIs are appended with a timestamp T from the POI pool to generate a POI list. And the LBSP stores the POI pool corresponding to the bus on each route in the server buffer area so as to directly respond to the POI pool acquisition request from different buses on the same route.
And (3.3) broadcasting the POI list. When the bus runs on the road, the POI list generated by the bus is periodically broadcast by using the algorithm 1. Suppose a bus uses TgapTypically set to 8 to 10 seconds. The specific broadcast algorithm is as follows:
algorithm 1.POI list broadcasting algorithm
(POI data to be broadcast constitutes a set PL ═ { p ═ pi，i＝1，2，3...N})
Inputting: bus A to be broadcast with POI list
While Current time-last broadcast time<Tgap
Step 1: POI list PL broadcasting bus idid
Step 2: monitoring broadcasts from surrounding buses, named B
If the id of B is the same as A and Btmestamp is more than or equal to Atimestmap, the broadcast is stopped
(4) And (3) cache updating process:
as traffic flow changes, the popularity of different POIs also changes over time, so the LBSP needs to update the POI pool cache in the bus accordingly to maintain a high cache hit rate. For example, when a new gas station is set up at a certain place, surrounding vehicles may visit the POI frequently, which creates a new popular POI. Conventional cache update policies require a user to actively request a server to update invalid cache data. The buses can therefore know to send private car data that has a cache miss, which means that they are aware of the user's interests. Once the bus is attacked, the privacy information of the user may be revealed. Therefore, we have designed a push-based update strategy, rather than requiring knowledge of individual user interests, to better protect user privacy. The detailed strategy is divided into the following three steps:
(4.1) the LBSP updates only the POI data that has been modified or added to reduce communication costs and storage overhead. The LBSP analyzes the query requests sent by most vehicles and checks for updates to the POI.And performing operations of adding, deleting, modifying data and the like in the POI pool. Suppose LBSP is divided into UgapThe update patch is pushed at intervals, typically set to 1 to 3 hours. Depending on the PP during this periodidThe number of POI changes in. And after the LBSP generates the patch, updating the patch Up: { id, σ, timestamp } push to the bus.
(4.2) the bus receives the updated patch file from the LBSP and incorporates the patch into the PP stored on the busidIn (1). Note that the timestamp in the POI pool will be replaced by the timestamp in the update patch, so the data in the POI pool is up-to-date.
(4.3) if the private car's local cache already has POI cache data from buses with the same id, then compare their timestamps. Subsequently, the POI list with older timestamp is deleted from the local cache and the POI list with newer timestamp is stored.
(5) And (3) query process:
(5.1) before the private car uses the LBS, it first uses the key to retrieve in the local cache;
(5.2) if the same POI is retrieved in a different POI list, selecting the data in that POI list with the newer timestamp.
(5.3) if POI data which is wanted to be inquired cannot be retrieved in the local cache, generating k-1 false positions through a virtual position generator, and then sending k inquiry requests to the LBSP, wherein only one request contains the real position of the vehicle.
The cache updating method for incremental updating can effectively improve the cache updating efficiency and reduce the communication overhead during cache updating, can reduce the communication times between a vehicle and an LBS P, and improves the difficulty of tracking the position of the vehicle by an enemy by utilizing the LBS query request data of the vehicle, thereby effectively improving the position privacy level of the vehicle.

Claims (1)

1. A bus-cache-based car networking location privacy protection method is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
step S1, initializing the system, namely, generating corresponding parameters by the trust center TA and preloading the corresponding parameters into the vehicle; registering a private car and a bus in a trusted center TA and acquiring corresponding certificates;
step S2, an authentication process, namely, the private car authenticates by using the identity id and the certificate of the bus;
step S3, broadcasting process; the method comprises the steps that before a bus starts, a request message is sent to a Location Based Service Provider (LBSP) to obtain a point of interest (POI) near a bus route, and the LBSP generates a corresponding POI pool and sends a response message to the bus; after receiving the POI list, the bus generates the POI list according to the actual situation, and the generated POI list is periodically broadcasted when the bus runs;
step S4, cache updating process; the location service provider LBSP updates the modified or newly added POI data and generates an update patch, the bus merges and stores the received update patch, and the private bus updates a local cached POI list;
step S5, a query process; before the private car uses the location-based service LBS, POI data to be inquired is retrieved by using keywords in a locally cached POI list, and then the POI list is updated;
the specific method initialized in step S1 is as follows: the credible center TA randomly selects two large prime numbers p, q and a nonsingular elliptic curve y2＝x3+ax+b mod p，a,b∈FpAnd randomly selecting a q-order generator P in the group G; TA selection
Figure FDA0003454117270000011
As a private key and computes a corresponding public key Ppub＝kTAP, the trust center TA then selects a symmetric encryption function E pi (·)/D pi (·) and a secure hash function: h: {0,1}*→Zq(ii) a TA generates the common parameter ψ ═ { P, q, a, b, P, h, KT a, Ppub };
the detailed process of step S3 is:
s3.1, obtaining POI pool
S3.1.1, before the bus departure, it sends a request message to LBSP to get POI data of the current position nearbyFormula is { id, routeidAnd the id represents the identity of the bus, and the buses with the same line use the same id and route when sending the requestidRepresenting the route information of the bus, namely the route track of the id bus;
s3.1.2, after receiving the request message, the LBSP generates a POI pool according to the popularity of POIs around the bus route and other background knowledge, and then sends a response message to the bus with the format of { id, PP }id,timestamp}；
The POI pool of the bus id request is then represented as:
Figure FDA0003454117270000021
wherein
Figure FDA0003454117270000022
Is the geographic location of the kth POI,
Figure FDA0003454117270000023
and
Figure FDA0003454117270000024
respectively the name and category of the POI data,
Figure FDA0003454117270000025
including information related to POI data; PP (polypropylene)idRepresenting a POI pool generated by the LBSP for the id bus; timestamp represents the timestamp of when the LBSP generates the POI pool;
s3.2, selecting corresponding POI data from the generated POI pool by the bus, and generating a POI list suitable for broadcasting correspondingly:
s3.2.1, when the bus stops at the mth station, selecting POI data near the bus route from the mth station to the (m + 1) th station from the POI pool to generate a POI list;
s3.2.2, to facilitate local queries and cache updates, the list format of the bus broadcasts is defined as{id,PLid,T}；PLidRepresenting a list of POIs in a format represented as:
Figure FDA0003454117270000026
PLidincluding location information of the POI and data related to the POI; PLidThe POI in (1) is appended with a timestamp T from the POI pool to generate a POI list; LBSP stores the corresponding POI pool of each route bus in a server buffer area, and can directly respond to the POI pool acquisition request from different buses in the same route;
s3.3, broadcasting a POI list; when the bus runs on the road, the bus runs at TgapPeriodically broadcasting its generated list of POIs for the interval;
the specific method for broadcasting the POI list in step 3.3 is as follows: firstly constructing a set PL ═ { p) by the broadcasted POI dataiN }, if { (current time-last broadcast time) for bus a to broadcast the POI list<Tgap}, starting to broadcast the POI list PL of the bus ididMonitoring the broadcast from the surrounding buses, naming the surrounding buses as B, and stopping the broadcast if the id of B is the same as A and Btmestamp is more than or equal to Atimestmap; the specific method of step S4 is as follows:
s4.1, updating the modified or newly added POI data based on the LBSP of the position service provider, then analyzing the query request sent by the vehicle and checking the updating of the POI, executing the operations of adding, deleting and modifying data in the POI pool, and the LBSP uses UgapPushing update patch Up for the interval: { id, sigma, timestamp } is pushed to the bus, and sigma represents the content of the patch file;
s4.2, the bus receives the updated patch file from the location based service provider LBSP and merges the patch into the PP stored on the busidMeanwhile, the timestamp in the POI pool will be replaced by the timestamp in the update patch, so the data in the POI pool is up-to-date;
s4.3, if the local cache of the private car already has POI cache data from the buses with the same id, comparing the timestamps of the local cache of the private car and the POI cache data; subsequently, deleting the POI list with the older timestamp from the local cache, and storing the POI list with the newer timestamp; the specific method of step S5 is as follows:
s5.1, before the LBS based on the location service is used, the private car uses keywords to search in a local cache;
s5.2, if the same POI data are retrieved from different POI lists, selecting the POI data with the newer timestamp in the POI list;
s5.3, if POI data which is wanted to be inquired cannot be retrieved in the local cache, generating k-1 false positions through a virtual position generator, and then sending k inquiry requests to the LBSP (location based service) provider, wherein only one request contains the real position of the vehicle.
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