CN111986113B - Optical image shadow elimination method and system - Google Patents

Optical image shadow elimination method and system Download PDF

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CN111986113B
CN111986113B CN202010840972.7A CN202010840972A CN111986113B CN 111986113 B CN111986113 B CN 111986113B CN 202010840972 A CN202010840972 A CN 202010840972A CN 111986113 B CN111986113 B CN 111986113B
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CN111986113A (en
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林琪琪
赵雅
董静毅
钟佳莹
吕文涛
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Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/90Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof
    • G06T5/94Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof based on local image properties, e.g. for local contrast enhancement
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/40Image enhancement or restoration using histogram techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10004Still image; Photographic image
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20021Dividing image into blocks, subimages or windows

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for eliminating optical image shadows. The method comprises the following steps: s1, inputting an original image I with width W and height H, and dividing the original image I into n image small blocks in equal size; s2, calculating the gray level total value of each image small block, and taking the center point coordinate (i, j) of the image small block with the maximum gray level total value as the strongest point of the shadow; s3, taking all point coordinate sets of columns where x=i are located as l on the original image I W Taking the coordinate set of all points of the row where y=j is located as l H The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S4, according to the coordinate set l W 、l H Respectively performing gray value calculation to obtain l W 、l H A respective one-dimensional gray level histogram; s5, according to l W 、l H Respectively carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l W 、l H Respective Gaussian equation y 1 、y 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S6, according to y 1 、y 2 Fitting to obtain a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y; s7, performing degaussing according to the original image I and the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y, and obtaining an image Img after light shadow elimination. The invention fits the light and shadow of the optical image in a two-dimensional Gaussian fitting mode, so that the brightness in the image is more uniform.

Description

Optical image shadow elimination method and system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of image processing, and particularly relates to an optical image shadow elimination method and system.
Background
In image analysis, the quality of the image directly affects the accuracy of the design and effect of the recognition algorithm, so that preprocessing is required before image analysis (feature extraction, segmentation, matching, recognition, etc.). The main purpose of image preprocessing is to eliminate irrelevant information in the image, recover useful real information, enhance the detectability of relevant information, simplify data to the maximum extent, and thereby improve the reliability of feature extraction, image segmentation, matching and recognition.
For some images with uneven brightness distribution caused by light and shadow influence, the effective pretreatment is more beneficial to the subsequent treatment, so that the image with higher quality can be obtained by an image pretreatment method, thereby improving the effect of the subsequent experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides an optical image shadow eliminating method and system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optical image shadow elimination method, comprising the steps of:
s1, inputting an original image I with width W and height H, and dividing the original image I into n image small blocks in equal size;
s2, calculating the gray level total value of each image small block, and taking the center point coordinate (i, j) of the image small block with the maximum gray level total value as the strongest point of the shadow;
s3, taking all point coordinate sets of columns where x=i are located as l on the original image I W Taking the coordinate set of all points of the row where y=j is located as l H
S4, according to the coordinate set l W Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l W According to the coordinate set l H Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray level histogram of (a);
s5, according to l W Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 According to l H Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
S6, according to y 1 And y 2 Fitting to obtain a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y;
s7, performing degaussing according to the original image I and the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y, and obtaining an image Img after light shadow elimination.
Preferably, in step S4, the method is performed according to the coordinate set l W Calculated to obtain (x) W ,y W ) Wherein x is W ∈(1,2,3......H),y W E (f (1), f (2), f (3.. Fw.. F (H)), f function is a calculated gray value function, y W For being based on the coordinate set l W Calculating the corresponding gray value to obtain l W Is a one-dimensional gray scale histogram of (a).
Preferably, in step S4, the method is performed according to the coordinate set l H Calculated to obtain (x) H ,y H ) Wherein x is H ∈(1,2,3......W),y H ∈(f(1),f(2),f(3)......f(W)),y H For being based on the coordinate set l H Calculating the corresponding gray value to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray scale histogram of (a).
Preferably, in step S5, for l W Data (x) in one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) W ,y W ) Performing Gaussian fitting calculation to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1
Preferably, in step S5, the method is carried out by comparing l H Data (x) in one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) H ,y H ) Performing Gaussian fitting calculation to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
Preferably, in step S6, equation y is performed 1 Taking x 1 =[1,...H]Obtaining y' 1 Column vector, equation y 2 Taking x 2 =[1,...W]Obtaining y' 2 Line vector according to y=y' 1 ×y' 2 ObtainingA two-dimensional gaussian profile y.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S7, the original image I is divided by the corresponding pixels on the two-dimensional gaussian distribution diagram y to perform degussion, thereby obtaining an image Img after the light shadow is removed.
Preferably, in step S1, all of the n image tiles are rectangular.
Preferably, w=1600 px and h=1200 px of the original image I.
The invention also provides an optical image shadow elimination system, which comprises:
the input module is used for inputting an original image I with width W and height H;
the segmentation module is used for segmenting the original image I into n image small blocks with the same size;
the calculation module is used for calculating the gray level total value of each image small block;
the coordinate set acquisition module is used for acquiring the center point coordinates (I, j) of the image small block with the highest gray level total value, and taking all point coordinate sets of the column where x=i is located as l on the original image I W Taking the coordinate set of all points of the row where y=j is located as l H
A one-dimensional gray histogram acquisition module for acquiring a gray histogram according to the coordinate set l W Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l W According to the coordinate set l H Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray level histogram of (a);
a Gaussian equation acquisition module for acquiring the Gaussian equation according to the L W Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 According to l H Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
Fitting module for according to y 1 And y 2 Fitting to obtain a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y;
and the Gaussian elimination module is used for carrying out Gaussian elimination according to the original image I and the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y so as to obtain an image Img after the light shadow elimination.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: for some images with uneven brightness distribution caused by the light and shadow effect, a two-dimensional Gaussian fitting mode is adopted to fit the light and shadow of the optical image, so that an effective pretreatment effect is obtained, the brightness in the image is more uniform, the subsequent experimental treatment of the image is facilitated, and the experimental effect is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of optical image shadow elimination;
FIG. 2 is an unprocessed raw image I;
fig. 3 is an image Img obtained by performing deghosting on the original image I;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical image shadow eliminating system.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are presented to illustrate the present invention, and those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the additional advantages and capabilities of the present invention as disclosed herein. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Embodiment one:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an optical image light and shadow eliminating method, which includes the steps of:
s1, inputting an original image I with width W and height H, and dividing the original image I into n image small blocks in equal size;
s2, calculating the gray level total value of each image small block, and taking the center point coordinate (i, j) of the image small block with the maximum gray level total value as the strongest point of the shadow;
s3, taking all point coordinate sets of columns where x=i are located as l on the original image I W Taking the coordinate set of all points of the row where y=j is located as l H
S4, according to the coordinate set l W Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l W According to the coordinate set l H Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray level histogram of (a);
s5, according to l W Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 According to l H Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
S6, according to y 1 And y 2 Fitting to obtain a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y;
s7, performing degaussing according to the original image I and the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y, and obtaining an image Img after light shadow elimination.
Specific:
referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment is described taking w=1600 px, h=1200 px of the input original image I, and dividing the original image I into 4 segments on average in both width and length, i.e., dividing the original image I into 16 rectangles of equal size as an example.
After the gray level total value is calculated in step S2, the coordinates of the center point of the image patch with the maximum gray level total value is (915,463), i.e. the center point is the strongest point of the shadow, and the coordinate set of all points in the column where x=915 is located is taken as l on the original image I W Taking all point coordinate sets of the row where y=463 is located as l H
In step S4, according to the coordinate set l W Calculated to obtain (x) W ,y W ) Wherein x is W ∈(1,...1200),y W E (f (1),...f (1200)), the f function is a calculated gray value function, y W For being based on the coordinate set l W Calculating the corresponding gray value to obtain l W Is a one-dimensional gray level histogram of (a); according to the coordinatesCollection l H Calculated to obtain (x) H ,y H ) Wherein x is H ∈(1,...1600),y H ∈(f(1),...f(1600)),y H For being based on the coordinate set l H Calculating the corresponding gray value to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray scale histogram of (a).
In step S5, for l W Data (x) in one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) W ,y W ) Performing Gaussian fitting calculation to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 By the method of l H Data (x) in one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) H ,y H ) Performing Gaussian fitting calculation to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
The principle of Gaussian fitting is as follows:
is provided with a set of test data (x i ,y i ) (i=1, 2,3,) can be described by a gaussian function:
in the parameters to be estimated y max 、x max And S is peak value, peak position, and half width information of the gaussian curve, respectively. Taking natural logarithms from two sides of the formula (1), and obtaining the natural logarithms as follows:
and (3) making:
and considering all test data, the formula (3) is expressed in a matrix form as:
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Z=XB (5)
according to the least square principle, the generalized least square solution of the matrix B is:
B=(X T X) -1 X T Z (6)
then according to (3), the parameter y to be estimated is obtained max 、x max S, to-be-estimated parameter y max 、x max And S is substituted into the Gaussian function of (1) to obtain the test data (x) i ,y i ) (i=1, 2,3,) gaussian equation.
From the above Gaussian fitting principle, we can see that when we need to do so W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 In this case, only the test data (x i ,y i ) (i=1, 2,3,) is replaced with (x W ,y W ) The subsequent calculation is performed when we need to ask for l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2 In this case, only the test data (x i ,y i ) (i=1, 2,3,) is replaced with (x H ,y H ) And performing subsequent calculation.
After obtaining l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 L H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2 Then, go to equation y 1 Taking x 1 =[1,...H]Obtaining y' 1 Column vector, equation y 2 Taking x 2 =[1,...W]Obtaining y' 2 Line vector according to y=y' 1 ×y' 2 A two-dimensional gaussian distribution diagram y is obtained.
Finally, the original image I and the corresponding point pixels on the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y are divided to remove Gaussian, so that an image Img after light shadow elimination is obtained, and the image Img after light shadow elimination is obtained by referring to FIG. 3, and the brightness of the image is more uniform than that of the original image I, so that the subsequent experimental treatment of the image is facilitated, and the experimental effect is improved.
Embodiment two:
referring to fig. 4, the present invention also provides an optical image light shadow eliminating system, comprising:
the input module is used for inputting an original image I with width W and height H;
the segmentation module is used for segmenting the original image I into n image small blocks with the same size;
the calculation module is used for calculating the gray level total value of each image small block;
the coordinate set acquisition module is used for acquiring the center point coordinates (I, j) of the image small block with the highest gray level total value, and taking all point coordinate sets of the column where x=i is located as l on the original image I W Taking the coordinate set of all points of the row where y=j is located as l H
A one-dimensional gray histogram acquisition module for acquiring a gray histogram according to the coordinate set l W Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l W According to the coordinate set l H Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray level histogram of (a);
a Gaussian equation acquisition module for acquiring the Gaussian equation according to the L W Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 According to l H Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
Fitting module for according to y 1 And y 2 Fitting to obtain a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y;
and the Gaussian elimination module is used for carrying out Gaussian elimination according to the original image I and the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y so as to obtain an image Img after the light shadow elimination.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An optical image shadow elimination method, comprising the steps of:
s1, inputting an original image I with width W and height H, and dividing the original image I into n image small blocks in equal size;
s2, calculating the gray level total value of each image small block, and taking the center point coordinate (i, j) of the image small block with the maximum gray level total value as the strongest point of the shadow;
s3, taking all point coordinate sets of columns where x=i are located as l on the original image I W Taking the coordinate set of all points of the row where y=j is located as l H
S4, according to the coordinate set l W Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l W According to the coordinate set l H Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray level histogram of (a);
s5, according to l W Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 According to l H Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
S6, according to y 1 And y 2 Fitting to obtain a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y;
s7, performing degaussing according to the original image I and the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y, and obtaining an image Img after light shadow elimination.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S4, according to the coordinate set l W Calculated to obtain (x) W ,y W ) Wherein x is W ∈(1,2,3......H),y W E (f (1), f (2), f (3.. Fw.. F (H)), f function is a calculated gray value function, y W For being based on the coordinate set l W Calculating the corresponding gray value to obtain l W Is a one-dimensional gray scale histogram of (a).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: in step S4, according to the coordinate set l H Calculated to obtain (x) H ,y H ) Wherein x is H ∈(1,2,3......W),y H ∈(f(1),f(2),f(3)......f(W)),y H For being based on the coordinate set l H Calculating the corresponding gray value to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray scale histogram of (a).
4. A method of optical image light shadow elimination according to claim 3, wherein: in step S5, for l W Data (x) in one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) W ,y W ) Performing Gaussian fitting calculation to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in step S5, by the method of the pair l H Data (x) in one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) H ,y H ) Performing Gaussian fitting calculation to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S6, the algorithm y is 1 Taking x 1 =[1,...H]Obtaining y' 1 Column vector, equation y 2 Taking x 2 =[1,...W]Obtaining y' 2 Line vector according to y=y' 1 ×y′ 2 A two-dimensional gaussian distribution diagram y is obtained.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the original image I is divided by the pixels of the corresponding points on the two-dimensional gaussian distribution diagram y to perform degaussing, so as to obtain the image Img after the light shadow is removed.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the n image patches are rectangular.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the original image I has w=1600 px and h=1200 px.
10. An optical image shadow elimination system, comprising:
the input module is used for inputting an original image I with width W and height H;
the segmentation module is used for segmenting the original image I into n image small blocks with the same size;
the calculation module is used for calculating the gray level total value of each image small block;
the coordinate set acquisition module is used for acquiring the center point coordinates (I, j) of the image small block with the highest gray level total value, and taking all point coordinate sets of the column where x=i is located as l on the original image I W Taking the coordinate set of all points of the row where y=j is located as l H
A one-dimensional gray histogram acquisition module for acquiring a gray histogram according to the coordinate set l W Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l W According to the coordinate set l H Gray value calculation is performed to obtain l H Is a one-dimensional gray level histogram of (a);
a Gaussian equation acquisition module for acquiring the Gaussian equation according to the L W Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l W Is of the Gaussian equation y 1 According to l H Carrying out Gaussian fitting calculation on the one-dimensional gray level histogram of (1) to obtain l H Is of the Gaussian equation y 2
Fitting module for according to y 1 And y 2 Fitting to obtain a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y;
and the Gaussian elimination module is used for carrying out Gaussian elimination according to the original image I and the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution diagram y so as to obtain an image Img after the light shadow elimination.
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