CN111983606A - Near-field imaging method of rolling type one-dimensional array radar - Google Patents
Near-field imaging method of rolling type one-dimensional array radar Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The invention discloses a near-field imaging method of a rolling type one-dimensional array radar, which belongs to the technical field of near-field imaging and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the transmitting array and the receiving array move at a constant speed under the drive of a motor; step two: the transmitting array is aligned with a target to be imaged and transmits a microwave signal; step three: a receiving array receives a target echo signal; step four: imaging the received echo signals by using a near-field imaging algorithm; the method adopts a circular rolling method, and utilizes an internal motor to drive the one-dimensional array antenna to circularly scan the object to be imaged, thereby omitting the acceleration and deceleration processes of each scanning, and greatly improving the scanning speed on the basis of ensuring the low-cost advantage of the one-dimensional array. And aiming at the characteristics of the rolling type circular scanning technology, a near-field imaging algorithm which is high in imaging precision, small in calculated amount and suitable for a rolling type circular scanning radar is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of near-field imaging, in particular to a near-field imaging method of a rolling type one-dimensional array radar.
Background
With the gradual improvement of the microwave near-field theory in recent years, the near-field three-dimensional imaging technology has entered the practical engineering application stage, and the requirement of high-resolution imaging for human body security inspection is more and more urgent, so that a plurality of microwave near-field imaging technologies appear. The current near-field imaging technology can be roughly divided into three types according to different systems: real aperture imaging technology, multi-base plane array scanning imaging technology and synthetic aperture imaging technology.
The real aperture imaging technology is based on the beam forming theory of array radar, scanning is carried out through synthesized beams to obtain target echo signals, and then image reconstruction is carried out through a back projection algorithm or an RMA algorithm to obtain a target image. The technology needs extremely large number of antenna elements and system channels to obtain high-resolution images, and the system cost is high.
The multi-base plane array scanning imaging technology is used for thinning the real aperture array based on the MIMO principle, and the number of antenna array elements and channels can be greatly reduced under the condition of ensuring the imaging resolution. The number of antenna array elements and the number of system channels are still tens of times or even hundreds of times of the one-dimensional array.
In the synthetic aperture imaging technology, a motor is generally used to drive a one-dimensional array to scan a target, and then an imaging algorithm is used to perform imaging. The number of antenna elements and the number of system channels are small in this way, and the system cost is low. However, in the current synthetic aperture imaging technology, the motor needs to be accelerated and decelerated during each scanning process, and is limited by the existence of an inertia device, the scanning speed is slow, and the efficiency is low
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a near-field imaging method of a rolling type one-dimensional array radar. And aiming at the characteristics of the rolling type cyclic scanning technology, a near-field imaging algorithm which is high in imaging precision, small in calculated amount and suitable for a rolling type cyclic scanning radar is provided.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a near field imaging method of a rolling type one-dimensional array radar comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the transmitting array and the receiving array move at a constant speed under the drive of a motor;
step two: the transmitting array is aligned with a target to be imaged and transmits a microwave signal;
step three: a receiving array receives a target echo signal;
step four: and imaging the received echo signals by using a near-field imaging algorithm.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in the step two, the transmission signal is:
s(tT)＝exp(j2πft) (1)
in step three, the target echo signal is:
s(tR)＝∫σ(x,y,z)·exp[j2πf(t-τT-τR)]dxdydz (2)
wherein, sigma (x, y, z) is a target scattering function, and the time delays from the transmitting array element and the receiving array element to the scattering point are respectively
The transmitting array and the receiving array are in the same plane, the distance between the two arrays is d, so the distance between the transmitting array element and the receiving array element to the scattering point can be expressed by the same y coordinate, and the array is in motion, so that
yT＝y0+vt＝y0+2πωrt
dtr＝2πrωτ＝2πrω(τT+τR)
In the above formula, y0 is the coordinate position when the transmitting array element transmits signal, dtrIn the period from transmitting array element to receiving array element, the distance of moving receiving array element is d, because the optical speed of microwave signal is propagated, and the propagation time is nanosecond under the condition of near fieldtrThe term is negligible if the phase effect is negligible, so the delay from the transmitting and receiving elements to the scattering point can be changed to
For simplifying the calculation, let the initial position y0 be 0, and the delays from the transmitting array element and the receiving array element to the scattering point are respectively
Let RTFor the distance of the signal from the transmitting array element to the scatterer, RRFor the distance of the signal from the scatterer to the receiving array element, RT0For transmitting the position of the time of transmitting the array element, the formula (2) can be expressed as
s(tR)＝exp(jkRT0)·∫σ(x,y,z)·exp(-jkRT)·exp(-jkRR)dxdydz (3)
In step four, the near field imaging algorithm comprises the following steps:
s1: transforming the target echo signal to a wave number domain to obtain a Fourier transform result of a target scattering function as follows:
F[σ(x,y,z)]＝F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza) (4)
s2: performing inverse Fourier transform on the result obtained in the step S1 to obtain a reflection function, namely an imaging result;
σ(x,y,z)＝F-1{F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza)} (5)
further, the step S1 is specifically implemented as follows:
fourier transforming equation (5):
wherein,
solving a phase term in the formula by using a stationary phase positioning principle, and expanding the phase term by using a Taylor formula near a stationary phase point to obtain a calculation result of a formula (7):
substituting the above formula into equation (6) to obtain
Order to
Then, the above equation becomes
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·∫σ(x,y,z)·exp{+j[kz·(za-z)-kxx-kyy]Dxdydz the term for the constant of the above equation is given, resulting in:
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·exp(jkzza)∫σ(x,y,z)·exp{-j[kxx+kyy+kzz]}dxdydz
the integral term of the above equation is the fourier transform of the scattering function, so the above equation can be rewritten as:
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·exp(jkzza)·F[σ(x,y,z)] (8)
the fourier transform of the scattering function is then:
F[σ(x,y,z)]＝F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza) (9)。
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the one-dimensional array radar circular rolling method, utilizes the internal motor to drive the one-dimensional array antenna to circularly scan the object to be imaged, omits the acceleration and deceleration process of each scanning, and greatly improves the scanning speed on the basis of ensuring the low cost advantage of the one-dimensional array; the invention adopts the one-dimensional array, not only has fast scanning speed, but also has low system cost; aiming at the characteristics of the rolling type circular scanning technology, the invention provides the near-field imaging algorithm which is high in imaging precision, small in calculated amount and suitable for the rolling type circular scanning radar.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the arrangement of two imaging devices forming a channel in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a security inspection apparatus according to the present invention, in which a transceiver array scans from top to bottom;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of an imaging algorithm of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, a near-field imaging method for a rolling one-dimensional array radar includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the transmitting array and the receiving array move at a constant speed under the drive of a motor;
step two: the transmitting array is aligned with a target to be imaged and transmits a microwave signal;
step three: a receiving array receives a target echo signal;
step four: and imaging the received echo signals by using a near-field imaging algorithm.
In step two, the transmission signal is:
s(tT)＝exp(j2πft) (1)
in step three, the target echo signal is:
s(tR)＝∫σ(x,y,z)·exp[j2πf(t-τT-τR)]dxdydz (2)
wherein, sigma (x, y, z) is a target scattering function, and the time delays from the transmitting array element and the receiving array element to the scattering point are respectively
As shown in fig. 2, the transmitting array and the receiving array are in the same plane, and the distance between the two arrays is d, so that the distances from the transmitting array element and the receiving array element to the scattering point can be represented by the same y coordinate. Since the array is in motion, there are
yT＝y0+vt＝y0+2πωrt
dtr＝2πrωτ＝2πrω(τT+τR)
In the above formula, y0 is the coordinate position when the transmitting array element transmits signals. dtrIn the period from transmitting array element to receiving array element, the distance of moving receiving array element is d, because the optical speed of microwave signal is propagated, and the propagation time is nanosecond under the condition of near fieldtrThe term is negligible if the phase effect is negligible, so the delay from the transmitting and receiving elements to the scattering point can be changed to
For simplifying the calculation, let the initial position y0 be 0, and the delays from the transmitting array element and the receiving array element to the scattering point are respectively
Let RTFor the distance of the signal from the transmitting array element to the scatterer, RRFor the distance of the signal from the scatterer to the receiving array element, RT0For transmitting the position of the time of transmitting the array element, the formula (2) can be expressed as
s(tR)＝exp(jkRT0)·∫σ(x,y,z)·exp(-jkRT)·exp(-jkRR)dxdydz (3)
As shown in fig. 4, in step four, the near-field imaging algorithm includes the following steps:
s1: transforming the target echo signal to a wave number domain to obtain a Fourier transform result of a target scattering function as follows:
F[σ(x,y,z)]＝F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza) (4)
s2: performing inverse Fourier transform on the result obtained in the step S1 to obtain a reflection function, namely an imaging result;
σ(x,y,z)＝F-1{F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza)} (5)
further, the step S1 is specifically implemented as follows:
fourier transforming equation (5):
wherein,
solving a phase term in the formula by using a stationary phase positioning principle, and expanding the phase term by using a Taylor formula near a stationary phase point to obtain a calculation result of a formula (7):
substituting the above formula into equation (6) to obtain
Order to
Then, the above equation becomes
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·∫σ(x,y,z)·exp{+j[kz·(za-z)-kxx-kyy]Dxdydz the term for the constant of the above equation is given, resulting in:
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·exp(jkzza)∫σ(x,y,z)·exp{-j[kxx+kyy+kzz]}dxdydz
the integral term of the above equation is the fourier transform of the scattering function, so the above equation can be rewritten as:
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·exp(jkzza)·F[σ(x,y,z)] (8)
the fourier transform of the scattering function is then:
F[σ(x,y,z)]＝F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza) (9)
the near-field imaging technology of the rolling type one-dimensional array radar adopts a circular rolling method, and an internal motor is utilized to drive a one-dimensional array antenna to circularly scan an object to be imaged, so that the acceleration and deceleration processes of each scanning are omitted, and the scanning speed is greatly improved; the one-dimensional array is adopted, so that the scanning speed is high, and the system cost is low; aiming at the characteristics of the rolling type circular scanning technology, a near-field imaging algorithm which is high in imaging precision, small in calculated amount and suitable for a rolling type circular scanning radar is provided.
The near-field imaging technology of the rolling type one-dimensional array radar adopts a circular rolling method, and an internal motor is utilized to drive a one-dimensional array antenna to circularly scan an object to be imaged, so that the acceleration and deceleration processes of each scanning are omitted, and the scanning speed is greatly improved; the one-dimensional array is adopted, so that the scanning speed is high, and the system cost is low; aiming at the characteristics of the rolling type circular scanning technology, a near-field imaging algorithm which is high in imaging precision, small in calculated amount and suitable for a rolling type circular scanning radar is provided.
The invention adopts the one-dimensional array radar circular rolling method, utilizes the internal motor to drive the one-dimensional array antenna to circularly scan the object to be imaged, omits the acceleration and deceleration process of each scanning, and greatly improves the scanning speed on the basis of ensuring the low cost advantage of the one-dimensional array; the invention adopts the one-dimensional array, not only has fast scanning speed, but also has low system cost; aiming at the characteristics of the rolling type circular scanning technology, the invention provides the near-field imaging algorithm which is high in imaging precision, small in calculated amount and suitable for the rolling type circular scanning radar.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, a schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A near field imaging method of a rolling type one-dimensional array radar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the transmitting array and the receiving array move at a constant speed under the drive of a motor;
step two: the transmitting array is aligned with a target to be imaged and transmits a microwave signal;
step three: a receiving array receives a target echo signal;
step four: and imaging the received echo signals by using a near-field imaging algorithm.
2. The near field imaging method of the rolling one-dimensional array radar according to claim 1, wherein: in step two, the transmission signal is:
s(tT)＝exp(j2πft) (1)
in step three, the target echo signal is:
s(tR)＝∫σ(x,y,z)·exp[j2πf(t-τT-τR)]dxdydz (2)
wherein, sigma (x, y, z) is a target scattering function, and the time delays from the transmitting array element and the receiving array element to the scattering point are respectively
The transmitting array and the receiving array are in the same plane, the distance between the two arrays is d, so the distance between the transmitting array element and the receiving array element to the scattering point can be expressed by the same y coordinate, and the array is in motion, so that
yT＝y0+vt＝y0+2πωrt
dtr＝2πrωτ＝2πrω(τT+τR)
In the above formula, y0 is the coordinate position when the transmitting array element transmits signal, dtrIn the period from transmitting array element to receiving array element, the distance of moving receiving array element is d, because the optical speed of microwave signal is propagated, and the propagation time is nanosecond under the condition of near fieldtrThe term is negligible if the phase effect is negligible, so the delay from the transmitting and receiving elements to the scattering point can be changed to
For simplicity of calculation, let initial position y0 be 0, and the delays from the transmitting and receiving elements to the scattering point are respectively
Let RTFor the distance of the signal from the transmitting array element to the scatterer, RRFor the distance of the signal from the scatterer to the receiving array element, RT0For transmitting the position of the time of transmitting the array element, the formula (2) can be expressed as
s(tR)＝exp(jkRT0)·∫σ(x,y,z)·exp(-jkRT)·exp(-jkRR)dxdydz (3)
In step four, the near field imaging algorithm comprises the following steps:
s1: transforming the target echo signal to a wave number domain to obtain a Fourier transform result of a target scattering function as follows:
F[σ(x,y,z)]＝F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza) (4)
s2: performing inverse Fourier transform on the result obtained in the step S1 to obtain a reflection function, namely an imaging result;
σ(x,y,z)＝F-1{F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza)} (5)
further, the step S1 is specifically implemented as follows:
fourier transforming equation (5):
wherein,
solving a phase term in the formula by using a stationary phase positioning principle, and expanding the phase term by using a Taylor formula near a stationary phase point to obtain a calculation result of the formula (7):
substituting the above formula into equation (6) to obtain
Order to
Then, the above equation becomes
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·∫σ(x,y,z)·exp{+j[kz·(za-z)-kxx-kyy]Dxdydz the term for the constant of the above equation is given, resulting in:
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·exp(jkzza)∫σ(x,y,z)·exp{-j[kxx+kyy+kzz]the integral term of the above equation dxdydz is the fourier transform of the scattering function, so the above equation can be rewritten as:
F[s(tR)]＝exp(jkRT0)·exp(jkzza)·F[σ(x,y,z)] (8)
the fourier transform of the scattering function is then:
F[σ(x,y,z)]＝F[s(tR)]·exp(-jkRT0)·exp(-jkzza) (9)。
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