CN111983190A - Soil erosion monitoring system for depression and use method thereof - Google Patents
Soil erosion monitoring system for depression and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water monitoring, in particular to a soil and water loss monitoring system for a depression and a using method thereof; the system comprises a soil moisture monitoring system, a rainfall monitoring system and a vegetation soil observation system; the soil moisture detection system comprises a soil water content sensor, a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor and a surface runoff and quicksand detection system; the system and the method have important significance for water and soil loss research, and calculate and evaluate the water and soil loss condition of the whole depression through monitoring main contents such as precipitation, evaporation, runoff production, sand production, vegetation interception, water change and the like in the depression, particularly underground leakage parts which are difficult to directly monitor through measurement and calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil monitoring, in particular to a depression water and soil loss monitoring system and a using method thereof.
Background
Underground leakage is a special water and soil loss mode in karst regions, in the traditional water and soil loss monitoring, the main monitoring content is surface water and soil loss, and the specific situation of underground leakage is unknown because of the monitoring difficulty. The depression is used as a controllable landform type of a closed watershed in a karst landform, underground leakage monitoring work is facilitated to be carried out, and rainfall, runoff, sediment and other data which can be monitored can be calculated through the controllable depression area, so that the underground leakage amount is calculated.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a depression water and soil loss monitoring system and a using method thereof, and solves the problems of low data accuracy and high detection difficulty in water and soil loss monitoring.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a depression soil and water loss monitoring system comprises a soil moisture monitoring system, a rainfall monitoring system and a vegetation soil observation system; the soil moisture detection system comprises a soil water content sensor, a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor and a surface runoff and quicksand detection system; the surface runoff and quicksand detection system comprises a triangular weir and a desilting basin which are constructed manually, wherein a water flow measurement full-automatic detection instrument is installed in the triangular weir; the vegetation soil observation system is used for manually observing and recording vegetation types, vegetation coverage, soil exposure proportion and earth surface weathering degree data.
Preferably, the triangular weir and the desilting basin are built beside the downpipe cave.
Preferably, the rainfall monitoring system is any one of a fully automatic weather station and a rainfall facility.
Preferably, the water flow measuring full-automatic detecting instrument is one or more of a water level full-automatic detecting instrument and a flow full-automatic detecting instrument.
Preferably, the triangular weir is any one of a rectangular weir and a circular weir.
Preferably, the rainfall facility is one or more of a rain gauge and a siphon-type rain gauge.
Further, the precipitation monitoring system further comprises a correction rain gauge.
The invention relates to a depression soil and water loss monitoring system, which comprises a using method of:
1) according to the slope length condition around the hollow land, 3-5 sets of soil water content sensors and surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensors in the soil moisture detection system are distributed on each slope between the top of the mountain and the hollow falling water hole of the hollow land;
2) laying instruments according to the size of the depression area, wherein the area is less than 3km22-3 slope lines from the tops of the hills to the downpipe are selected for laying a soil water content sensor and a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor; in an area of 3-5km24-5 hilltops are selected in the depression to be arranged on a slope line from the downpipe hole, and a soil water content sensor and a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor are arranged on the slope line; in an area exceeding 5km2The soil water content sensor and the earth surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensor are arranged on the slope line from more than 6 mountaintops to the downpipe cave in the depression; 1-3 soil water content sensors and surface soil vegetation infiltration sensors are arranged on each slope line;
3) determining the specific installation positions of the soil water content sensor and the surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor according to the height difference between the mountain top and the water falling hole, the vegetation type and the gradient change condition;
4) after the soil moisture detection system is installed, regularly recording the soil water content, the surface evaporation capacity and the soil infiltration capacity;
5) a rainfall monitoring system is installed in the depression;
6) under the condition that no perennial water flow or seasonal water flow exists in the depression, a triangular weir and a grit chamber are built around the downpipe, and surface runoff generated during rainfall is introduced into the grit chamber and the triangular weir for calculating runoff and silt quantity;
7) under the condition that the depression has perennial water flow or seasonal rivers, the number of the grit chambers is increased according to the peripheral gradient or land utilization type of flowing upstream of the rivers except that a triangular weir and the grit chambers are built near the water falling hole;
8) a water flow measuring full-automatic detecting instrument is arranged in the triangular weir, and the change condition of the water flow is recorded;
9) according to the historical surface runoff condition, the local triangular weir with smaller runoff is designed into a rectangular weir, and the local triangular weir with larger runoff is designed into a circular weir;
10) and (4) adopting observers to record vegetation types, vegetation coverage, soil exposure proportion and earth surface weathering degree data.
The basic model for processing the measurement data of the system comprises the following steps: rainfall-interception amount-evaporation amount is equal to surface runoff and infiltration amount; in the depression, the surface runoff and the infiltration amount are the underground leakage water amount; the sand at the water falling hole and the sand leaked from the cracks of the depression slope are underground lost sand; the underground leakage sediment and the underground leakage water amount are the underground leakage amount.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a depression soil and water loss monitoring system and a using method thereof, and the depression soil and water loss monitoring system has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the system has abundant data quantity, fully considers the influence of vegetation, topography, climate, soil and lithology on the data in the actual environment, gives consideration to various factors, ensures that the measured data is visual and has obvious actual value, can fully process the result to obtain the result close to the actual environment, can provide the result with high reference value for predicting water and soil loss, and is suitable for karst regions.
(2) The method has important significance for research on water loss and soil erosion, calculates and evaluates the water loss and soil erosion condition of the whole depression through monitoring main contents such as precipitation, evaporation, runoff production, sand production, vegetation interception, water change and the like in the depression, and particularly calculates and evaluates underground leakage parts which are difficult to directly monitor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a depression soil and water loss monitoring system comprises a soil moisture monitoring system, a rainfall monitoring system and a vegetation soil observation system; the soil moisture detection system comprises a soil water content sensor, a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor and a surface runoff and quicksand detection system; the surface runoff and quicksand detection system comprises a triangular weir and a desilting basin which are constructed manually, wherein a water flow measurement full-automatic detection instrument is installed in the triangular weir; the vegetation soil observation system is used for manually observing and recording vegetation types, vegetation coverage, soil exposure proportion and earth surface weathering degree data; the triangular weir and the desilting basin are built beside the water falling hole; the rainfall monitoring system is a full-automatic meteorological station; the water flow measuring full-automatic detection instrument is a water level full-automatic detection instrument; the triangular weir is a rectangular weir; the precipitation monitoring system further comprises a correction rain gauge.
The system for monitoring water and soil loss of the depression comprises the following steps:
1) according to the slope length condition around the hollow land, 3-5 sets of soil water content sensors and surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensors in the soil moisture detection system are distributed on each slope between the top of the mountain and the hollow falling water hole of the hollow land;
2) laying instruments according to the size of the depression area, wherein the area is less than 3km22 hilltops are selected in the depression to be arranged on a slope line from the downpipe to be provided with a soil water content sensor and a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor; in an area of 3-5km24 hilltops are selected in the depression to be arranged on a slope line from the downpipe to be provided with a soil water content sensor and a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor; in an area exceeding 5km27 hilltops are selected in the depression to be arranged on a slope line from the water falling hole, a soil water content sensor is arranged,A surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor; 1 soil water content sensor and 1 earth surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensor are arranged on each slope line;
3) determining the specific installation positions of the soil water content sensor and the surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor according to the height difference between the mountain top and the water falling hole, the vegetation type and the gradient change condition;
4) after the soil moisture detection system is installed, regularly recording the soil water content, the surface evaporation capacity and the soil infiltration capacity;
5) a rainfall monitoring system is installed in the depression;
6) under the condition that no perennial water flow or seasonal water flow exists in the depression, a triangular weir and a grit chamber are built around the downpipe, and surface runoff generated during rainfall is introduced into the grit chamber and the triangular weir for calculating runoff and silt quantity;
7) under the condition that the depression has perennial water flow or seasonal rivers, the number of the grit chambers is increased according to the peripheral gradient or land utilization type of flowing upstream of the rivers except that a triangular weir and the grit chambers are built near the water falling hole;
8) a water flow measuring full-automatic detecting instrument is arranged in the triangular weir, and the change condition of the water flow is recorded;
9) according to the historical surface runoff condition, the local triangular weir with smaller runoff is designed into a rectangular weir, and the local triangular weir with larger runoff is designed into a circular weir;
10) and (4) adopting observers to record vegetation types, vegetation coverage, soil exposure proportion and earth surface weathering degree data.
The basic model for processing the measurement data of the system in the embodiment is as follows: rainfall-interception amount-evaporation amount is equal to surface runoff and infiltration amount; in the depression, the surface runoff and the infiltration amount are the underground leakage water amount; the sand at the water falling hole and the sand leaked from the cracks of the depression slope are underground lost sand; the underground leakage sediment and the underground leakage water amount are the underground leakage amount.
Example 2
A depression soil and water loss monitoring system comprises a soil moisture monitoring system, a rainfall monitoring system and a vegetation soil observation system; the soil moisture detection system comprises a soil water content sensor, a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor and a surface runoff and quicksand detection system; the surface runoff and quicksand detection system comprises a triangular weir and a desilting basin which are constructed manually, wherein a water flow measurement full-automatic detection instrument is installed in the triangular weir; the vegetation soil observation system is used for manually observing and recording vegetation types, vegetation coverage, soil exposure proportion and earth surface weathering degree data; the triangular weir and the desilting basin are built beside the water falling hole; the rainfall monitoring system is in a rainfall facility; the water flow measuring full-automatic detecting instrument is a water level full-automatic detecting instrument and a flow full-automatic detecting instrument; the triangular weir is arranged in the circular weir; the rainfall facilities are rain measuring cylinders and siphon type rain gauges; the precipitation monitoring system further comprises a correction rain gauge.
The system for monitoring water and soil loss of the depression comprises the following steps:
1) according to the slope length condition around the hollow land, 5 sets of soil water content sensors and earth surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensors in the soil moisture detection system are distributed on each slope between the top of the mountain peak and the hollow falling water;
2) laying instruments according to the size of the depression area, wherein the area is less than 3km2In the depression, 3 hill tops are selected to be arranged on a slope line from a water falling hole, and a soil water content sensor and a surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensor are arranged; in an area of 3-5km2In the depression, 5 hill tops are selected to a slope line from a water falling hole, and a soil water content sensor and a surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensor are arranged; in an area exceeding 5km2In the depression, 6 hill tops are selected to the slope line of the downpipe cave, and soil water content sensors and surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensors are arranged; 1 soil water content sensor and 1 earth surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensor are arranged on each slope line;
3) determining the specific installation positions of the soil water content sensor and the surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor according to the height difference between the mountain top and the water falling hole, the vegetation type and the gradient change condition;
4) after the soil moisture detection system is installed, regularly recording the soil water content, the surface evaporation capacity and the soil infiltration capacity;
5) a rainfall monitoring system is installed in the depression;
6) under the condition that no perennial water flow or seasonal water flow exists in the depression, a triangular weir and a grit chamber are built around the downpipe, and surface runoff generated during rainfall is introduced into the grit chamber and the triangular weir for calculating runoff and silt quantity;
7) under the condition that the depression has perennial water flow or seasonal rivers, the number of the grit chambers is increased according to the peripheral gradient or land utilization type of flowing upstream of the rivers except that a triangular weir and the grit chambers are built near the water falling hole;
8) a water flow measuring full-automatic detecting instrument is arranged in the triangular weir, and the change condition of the water flow is recorded;
9) according to the historical surface runoff condition, the local triangular weir with smaller runoff is designed into a rectangular weir, and the local triangular weir with larger runoff is designed into a circular weir;
10) and (4) adopting observers to record vegetation types, vegetation coverage, soil exposure proportion and earth surface weathering degree data.
The basic model for processing the measurement data of the system comprises the following steps: rainfall-interception amount-evaporation amount is equal to surface runoff and infiltration amount; in the depression, the surface runoff and the infiltration amount are the underground leakage water amount; the sand at the water falling hole and the sand leaked from the cracks of the depression slope are underground lost sand; the underground leakage sediment and the underground leakage water amount are the underground leakage amount.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A depression soil and water loss monitoring system is characterized by comprising a soil moisture monitoring system, a rainfall monitoring system and a vegetation soil observation system; the soil moisture detection system comprises a soil water content sensor, a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor and a surface runoff and quicksand detection system; the surface runoff and quicksand detection system comprises a triangular weir and a desilting basin which are constructed manually, wherein a water flow measurement full-automatic detection instrument is installed in the triangular weir; the vegetation soil observation system is used for manually observing and recording vegetation types, vegetation coverage, soil exposure proportion and earth surface weathering degree data.
2. The depression soil and water loss monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the triangular weir and the grit chamber are built alongside a downpipe.
3. The depression soil and water loss monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the precipitation monitoring system is any one of a fully automated weather station and a rainfall facility.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the water flow measurement fully automated instrumentation is one or more of water level fully automated instrumentation, flow fully automated instrumentation.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the triangular weir is any one of a rectangular weir and a circular weir.
6. The system of claim 3, wherein the rainfall facilities are one or more of a rain cylinder, a siphon-type rain gauge.
7. The depression water and soil loss monitoring system of claim 3, further comprising a calibration rain gauge.
8. The depression water and soil loss monitoring system of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the method of use comprises:
1) according to the slope length condition around the hollow land, 3-5 sets of soil water content sensors and surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensors in the soil moisture detection system are distributed on each slope between the top of the mountain and the hollow falling water hole of the hollow land;
2) laying instruments according to the size of the depression area, wherein the area is less than 3km22-3 slope lines from the tops of the hills to the downpipe are selected for laying a soil water content sensor and a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor; in an area of 3-5km24-5 hilltops are selected in the depression to be arranged on a slope line from the downpipe hole, and a soil water content sensor and a surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor are arranged on the slope line; in an area exceeding 5km2The soil water content sensor and the earth surface soil vegetation evaporation and infiltration sensor are arranged on the slope line from more than 6 mountaintops to the downpipe cave in the depression; 1-3 soil water content sensors and surface soil vegetation infiltration sensors are arranged on each slope line;
3) determining the specific installation positions of the soil water content sensor and the surface soil vegetation evapotranspiration sensor according to the height difference between the mountain top and the water falling hole, the vegetation type and the gradient change condition;
4) after the soil moisture detection system is installed, regularly recording the soil water content, the surface evaporation capacity and the soil infiltration capacity;
5) a rainfall monitoring system is installed in the depression;
6) under the condition that no perennial water flow or seasonal water flow exists in the depression, a triangular weir and a grit chamber are built around the downpipe, and surface runoff generated during rainfall is introduced into the grit chamber and the triangular weir for calculating runoff and silt quantity;
7) under the condition that the depression has perennial water flow or seasonal rivers, the number of the grit chambers is increased according to the peripheral gradient or land utilization type of flowing upstream of the rivers except that a triangular weir and the grit chambers are built near the water falling hole;
8) a water flow measuring full-automatic detecting instrument is arranged in the triangular weir, and the change condition of the water flow is recorded;
9) according to the historical surface runoff condition, the local triangular weir with smaller runoff is designed into a rectangular weir, and the local triangular weir with larger runoff is designed into a circular weir;
10) and (4) adopting observers to record vegetation types, vegetation coverage, soil exposure proportion and earth surface weathering degree data.
9. The system for monitoring soil and water loss from the hollow of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the basic model of the processing of the system's measured data is: rainfall-interception amount-evaporation amount is equal to surface runoff and infiltration amount; in the depression, the surface runoff and the infiltration amount are the underground leakage water amount; the sand at the water falling hole and the sand leaked from the cracks of the depression slope are underground lost sand; the underground leakage sediment and the underground leakage water amount are the underground leakage amount.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113075753A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-06 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Mountain torrent protection method and monitoring system based on terraced fields for intercepting surface runoff |
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