CN111980869B - Decoupling method for rotating speed of floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator and floating platform motion control - Google Patents
Decoupling method for rotating speed of floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator and floating platform motion control Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor having a plurality of rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/043—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic
- F03D7/044—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic with PID control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator rotating speed and floating platform motion control decoupling method, which sets thetaaveIs the mean value theta of blade angles of the impeller 1mean1And mean value theta of blade angle of impeller 2mean2Weighted average of (1), WaveFor the impeller 1 generator speed W1And impeller 2 generator speed W2And configuring two sets of PID control parameters for the variable pitch controller, wherein the two sets of PID control parameters are respectively PIDfastParameters and PIDslowParameter, PIDfastThe parameter being for controlling speed fluctuations, PIDslowThe parameter being for damping the motion of the floating platform when thetaaveThe value after filtering by a first-order low-pass filter is greater than 20 DEG or the value after filtering is greater than 10 DEG and WaveAfter the speed is more than 9% of the rated rotating speed, the variable pitch parameter is formed by PIDslowSwitch to PIDfastFrom PID tofastSwitch back to PIDslowThe condition is that when the requirement is not met and the preset time is delayed, the stable transition of the rotating speed control and the floating platform motion control is realized through the switching of two sets of PID control parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of floating platforms of floating type bilobed wheel wind turbine generators, in particular to a decoupling method for controlling the rotating speed of a floating type bilobed wheel wind turbine generator and the motion of a floating platform.
Background
At present, wind turbine generators gradually develop to deep open sea, and offshore floating wind turbine generators are the key research and development direction. For the floating wind turbine generator, the requirement on the running state of the generator is higher than that of a fixed generator, the control is more accurate, and the degree of freedom required to be controlled is more, such as the motion control of a floating platform. The floating platform of the floating wind turbine generator has six-direction motion freedom degrees, and in order to restrain the motion of the floating platform or not to excite the negative damping motion of the floating platform (the pitching direction of the floating platform), a generally adopted simpler method is that the design bandwidth of a variable pitch controller is smaller than the motion frequency of the floating platform, so that the variable pitch motion cannot respond to the motion frequency of the floating platform and cannot excite the negative damping motion of the floating platform; but at the same time this brings new problems, namely: the adoption of such a control strategy for pitch systems above rated wind speed can result in high fluctuations in impeller speed and power, extreme over-speeding or over-powering and increased loading of components driven by the impeller speed. Therefore, a set of control logic needs to be designed to switch the floating platform motion control and the rotating speed control, and for the floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator, the strategy is particularly important, namely, the negative damping motion of the floating platform is not stimulated, and the rotating speed can be well inhibited through variable pitch when the rotating speed fluctuation is overlarge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a decoupling method for the rotating speed of a floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator and the floating platform motion control, which can realize the stable transition of the rotating speed control and the floating platform motion control, ensure that the negative damping motion of the floating platform can not be excited, and effectively control the fluctuation of the rotating speed of an impeller so as to attenuate the low-frequency load at the bottom of a tower caused by the motion of the floating platform.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the floating double-impeller wind turbine generator set is a floating platform shared by two fans through a Y-shaped tower, the two fans are respectively arranged on two end parts of the Y-shaped tower through respective yaw driving systems, the bottom of the Y-shaped tower is fixed on the floating platform, and the rotating directions of impellers of the two fans are opposite to offset the centrifugal force of the two fans; in order to coordinate the actions of blades of two impellers to jointly inhibit the motion of a floating platform, the method sets thetaaveIs the mean value theta of blade angles of the impeller 1mean1And mean value theta of blade angle of impeller 2mean2Is characterized by a weighted average of the wind speeds at the centers of the respective hubs of the two impellers, and W is setaveFor the impeller 1 generator speed W1And impeller 2 generator speed W2And configuring two sets of PID control parameters for a variable pitch controller of the unit, wherein the two sets of PID control parameters are respectively PIDfastParameters and PIDslowParameter, wherein PIDfastThe parameter being for controlling speed fluctuations, PIDslowThe parameters are used for inhibiting the floating platform to enable the bandwidth of the variable pitch controller to be smaller than the moving frequency of the floating platform, and the two sets of PID control parameter switching logics are as follows: when theta isaveThe value after filtering by a first-order low-pass filter is greater than 20 DEG or the value after filtering is greater than 10 DEG and WaveAfter the speed is more than 9% of the rated rotating speed, the variable pitch parameter is formed by PIDslowSwitch to PIDfastI.e. the pitch parameters are switched from floating platform motion control to rotational speed control and from PIDfastSwitch back to PIDslowThe condition is that when the requirement is not met and the preset time is delayed, the rotating speed control is switched back to the floating platform motion control, and the stable transition of the rotating speed control and the floating platform motion control is realized through the switching of two sets of PID control parameters, so that the negative damping motion of the floating platform can be ensured not to be excited, and the fluctuation of the rotating speed of the impeller can be effectively controlled.
Further, the control logic of the pitch controller is that the difference value between the measured rotating speed and the rotating speed set value is sent to the PID controller after a series of filtering and a pitch instruction value is output.
Further, the thetaaveThe mean value theta of the blade angles of the impellers 1 and 2 is collected by a main control system of the unitmean1、θmean2And carrying out weighted average processing to obtain the average value of the variable pitch angles of the two impellers.
Further, the WaveThe method is a speed average value obtained by carrying out weighted average processing on the measured rotating speed values of the generators of the impellers 1 and 2 collected by a main control system of the unit.
Further, the first order transfer function of the first order low pass filter is:
where T is the filter time constant and s is the Laplace operator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the decoupling method is applied to the floating double-impeller wind turbine generator, so that the control of the rotating speed of the impeller under high wind speed and large turbulence working condition is ensured, and the floating platform is not excited and moves stably.
2. Due to PIDfastThe method is mainly used for inhibiting the floating platform from moving, and the low-frequency load of the tower is reduced on the contrary to the stable pitch variation for the rotating speed control.
3. The decoupling method of the invention gives consideration to both rotating speed control and floating platform motion control, and obviously attenuates low-frequency fatigue load of the mooring system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the decoupling logic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
When the floating wind turbine generator set operates above the rated wind speed, particularly near the rated wind speed, the thrust of an impeller of the floating wind turbine generator set reaches a peak value, the thrust is reduced along with the increase of the wind speed, and the partial derivative of the thrust to the wind speed is negative, namely the aerodynamic damping is negative; the absolute value of the negative damping is the largest near the rated wind speed, and the absolute value of the negative damping is reduced along with the increase of the wind speed, so that the floating platform is easy to be unstable near the rated wind speed, and if the pitch variation action is coupled with the movement of the floating platform at the moment, the fluctuation of the pitching direction of the floating platform is intensified. When the wind speed is increased to be close to the cut-out wind speed, the pneumatic damping is close to a zero value or a positive value, the floating platform moves to be stable, and the variable pitch controller can be mainly used for controlling the fluctuation of the rotating speed of the impeller.
The first-order asymmetric wind speed field can be linearized, the blade angle is closely related to the wind speed change, namely the corresponding blade angle can be found in the pitch action field at any instantaneous wind speed, so the change of the pitch angle can also approximately describe the change of the wind speed.
In this embodiment, the application object is a floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator, as shown in fig. 1, the generator specifically includes two fans sharing a floating platform through a Y-shaped tower, the two fans are respectively installed on two end portions of the Y-shaped tower through respective yaw driving systems, the bottom of the Y-shaped tower is fixed on the floating platform, and the rotating directions of the impellers of the two fans are opposite to each other, so as to offset the centrifugal force of the two fans.
For two fans sharing one floating platform, the decoupling method for controlling the rotating speed of the floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator and the motion of the floating platform provided by the embodiment sets theta for coordinating the actions of the blades of the two impellers to jointly inhibit the motion of the floating platformaveIs the mean value theta of blade angles of the impeller 1mean1And mean value theta of blade angle of impeller 2mean2Is characterized by a weighted average of the wind speeds at the centers of the respective hubs of the two impellers, and W is setaveFor the impeller 1 generator speed W1And impeller 2 generator speed W2And configuring two sets of PID control parameters for a variable pitch controller of the unit, wherein the two sets of PID control parameters are respectively PIDfastParameters and PIDslowParameter, wherein PIDfastThe parameter being for controlling speed fluctuations, PIDslowThe parameters are used for inhibiting the motion of the floating platform so as to ensure that the bandwidth of the variable pitch controller is smaller than the motion frequency of the floating platform, and the two sets of PID control parameter switching logicsThe method comprises the following steps: when theta isaveThe value after filtering by a first-order low-pass filter is greater than 20 DEG or the value after filtering is greater than 10 DEG and WaveAfter the speed is more than 9% of the rated rotating speed, the variable pitch parameter is formed by PIDslowSwitch to PIDfastI.e. the pitch parameters are switched from floating platform motion control to rotational speed control and from PIDfastSwitch back to PIDslowIf the above requirement is not satisfied and the delay is 5s, the control of the rotation speed is switched back to the control of the floating platform movement. Wherein, the first order transfer function of the first order low-pass filter is:
where T is the filter time constant and s is the Laplace operator.
The decoupling method realizes the stable transition of the rotating speed control and the floating platform motion control by switching two sets of PID control parameters, ensures that the negative damping motion of the floating platform can not be excited, and can effectively control the fluctuation of the rotating speed of the impeller.
FIG. 2 shows a logic block diagram of decoupling of rotational speed control (also called pitch control) and floating platform motion control.
The simple control logic of the pitch controller is that the difference value between the measured rotating speed and the rotating speed set value is sent to the PID controller after a series of filtering and a pitch instruction value is output.
θaveThe mean value theta of the blade angles of the impellers 1 and 2 is collected by a main control system of the unitmean1、θmean2And carrying out weighted average processing to obtain the average value of the variable pitch angles of the two impellers.
WaveThe method is a speed average value obtained by carrying out weighted average processing on the measured rotating speed values of the generators of the impellers 1 and 2 collected by a main control system of the unit.
The master control system of the unit calculates the obtained WaveAnd thetaaveThe decoupling is carried out after the decoupling is sent to the variable pitch controllers of the impeller 1 and the impeller 2 as follows:
when theta isaveWhen the angle is more than 20 degrees, the variable pitch parameter is controlled by the motion of the floating platformSwitching to the rotating speed control, namely: PIDslow→PIDfast(ii) a When theta isaveGreater than 10 DEG and WaveWhen the speed is greater than 9% of the rated speed, the variable pitch parameters are switched to the speed control by the floating platform motion control, namely: PIDslow→PIDfast;
When the above conditions are not met, the time delayed by 5 seconds is switched back to the floating platform motion control by the rotating speed control, namely: PIDfast→PIDslow。
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that the changes in the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The floating double-impeller wind turbine generator set is a floating platform shared by two fans through a Y-shaped tower, the two fans are respectively arranged on two end parts of the Y-shaped tower through respective yaw driving systems, the bottom of the Y-shaped tower is fixed on the floating platform, and the rotating directions of impellers of the two fans are opposite to offset the centrifugal force of the two fans; the method is characterized in that: in order to coordinate the actions of blades of two impellers to jointly inhibit the motion of a floating platform, the method sets thetaaveIs the mean value theta of blade angles of the impeller 1mean1And mean value theta of blade angle of impeller 2mean2Is characterized by a weighted average of the wind speeds at the centers of the respective hubs of the two impellers, and W is setaveFor the impeller 1 generator speed W1And impeller 2 generator speed W2And configuring two sets of PID control parameters for a variable pitch controller of the unit, wherein the two sets of PID control parameters are respectively PIDfastParameters and PIDslowParameter, wherein PIDfastThe parameter being for controlling speed fluctuations, PIDslowThe parameters are used for inhibiting the floating platform to enable the bandwidth of the variable pitch controller to be smaller than the moving frequency of the floating platform, and the two sets of PID control parameter switching logics are as follows: when theta isaveThe value after filtering by a first-order low-pass filter is greater than 20 DEG or the value after filtering is greater than 10 DEG and WaveAfter the speed is more than 9% of the rated speed, the variable pitch parameterBy PIDslowSwitch to PIDfastI.e. the pitch parameters are switched from floating platform motion control to rotational speed control and from PIDfastSwitch back to PIDslowThe condition is that when the requirement is not met and the preset time is delayed, the rotating speed control is switched back to the floating platform motion control, and the stable transition of the rotating speed control and the floating platform motion control is realized through the switching of two sets of PID control parameters, so that the negative damping motion of the floating platform can be ensured not to be excited, and the fluctuation of the rotating speed of the impeller can be effectively controlled.
2. The decoupling method of the rotating speed of the floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator and the floating platform motion control according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the control logic of the variable pitch controller is that the difference value between the measured rotating speed and the rotating speed set value is sent to the PID controller after a series of filtering and a variable pitch instruction value is output.
3. The decoupling method of the rotating speed of the floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator and the floating platform motion control according to claim 1, characterized in that: theta is describedaveThe mean value theta of the blade angles of the impellers 1 and 2 is collected by a main control system of the unitmean1、θmean2And carrying out weighted average processing to obtain the average value of the variable pitch angles of the two impellers.
4. The decoupling method of the rotating speed of the floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator and the floating platform motion control according to claim 1, characterized in that: the W isaveThe method is a speed average value obtained by carrying out weighted average processing on the measured rotating speed values of the generators of the impellers 1 and 2 collected by a main control system of the unit.
5. The decoupling method of the rotating speed of the floating type double-impeller wind turbine generator and the floating platform motion control according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first order transfer function of the first order low pass filter is:
where T is the filter time constant and s is the Laplace operator.
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