CN111978991A - High-efficient innoxious rubbish schizolysis processing apparatus - Google Patents

High-efficient innoxious rubbish schizolysis processing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111978991A
CN111978991A CN202010690590.0A CN202010690590A CN111978991A CN 111978991 A CN111978991 A CN 111978991A CN 202010690590 A CN202010690590 A CN 202010690590A CN 111978991 A CN111978991 A CN 111978991A
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superconducting
heat
cracker
garbage
cup
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田旭东
胡贵
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Chongqing Henghan Nengtu Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Chongqing Henghan Nengtu Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010690590.0A priority Critical patent/CN111978991A/en
Publication of CN111978991A publication Critical patent/CN111978991A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device comprises a superconducting cracker, a rotary superconducting stirrer, a burner, a reheater, a waste heat recoverer, a power device, a sealed feeder, a slag discharging device and a shell. The device is characterized in that the superconducting cracker is formed by sleeving two arc-shaped bottom metal cup bodies together and forming a closed superconducting garbage cracker with a sealing device, a plurality of heat exchange fins are welded on the circumference of the inner wall of the superconducting cracker and the outer wall of a double-layer arc-shaped circular end socket at the lower end of the inner wall of the superconducting cracker, a rotary superconducting stirrer with a plurality of heat exchange fins arranged on an evaporation end and a heat radiation body is assembled in the middle of the superconducting cracker, and the heating parts of the superconducting cracker, the rotary superconducting stirrer and a reheater are surrounded and supplied with heat in an omnibearing manner by a burner heating field for self-supplying gas, so that. The garbage organic matter treatment device is high in heat utilization efficiency, large in gas production rate and good in quality, avoids the phenomenon that cracking oil of a traditional cracking furnace blocks a gas transmission pipeline, and the garbage is locally overheated in the furnace to form the dangers of adhesion, bulging, blocking and coking, shields the discharge of harmful pollutants, prevents the generation of dioxin, uses cracking waste heat for power generation, uses solid residues as chemical raw materials, and obviously improves comprehensive economic benefits.

Description

High-efficient innoxious rubbish schizolysis processing apparatus
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a household garbage treatment device, in particular to a high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device.
Background
The treatment of municipal domestic waste becomes an important work for the coordinated development of energy, environment and society, and becomes an important and urgent task for governments at all levels in China.
The domestic garbage cracking treatment is an advanced technology for really realizing the reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of garbage, and the garbage treatment by the cracking gasification technology is valued by all countries in the world at present when the 'garbage city' becomes a public hazard.
The garbage cracking gasification is that the domestic garbage is put in a special closed container, under the action of a certain temperature, organic matters in the garbage and gasifying agents (such as water vapor, water and the like) are subjected to a series of chemical reactions to convert the garbage into CO and H2、CH、CNHm and other combustible gases and CO2N2, etc. in the presence of a small amount of a non-flammable gas. The standard garbage cracking and gasifying equipment has to have constant cracking temperature, enough heat supplied according to the requirement of heat load and a proper amount of gasifying agent, and garbage can be quickly gasified and converted into combustible gas through complex physical and chemical processes, so that the ideal purpose of harmless reduction is achieved.
Patent application number CN201710830436.7 discloses a vertical superconductive rubbish schizolysis gasifier, by the double-deck pipe furnace body, superconductive agitator and combustor triplex are constituteed, designs into vertical double-deck pipe superconductive rubbish schizolysis gasifier furnace body to the individual layer heating of traditional pyrolysis furnace, and the furnace body conducts heat with the gas-liquid phase transition of metal working medium, makes the inside rubbish of gyration furnace body is conducted rapidly to the local radiant heat of furnace body external heater. Combustible gas generated by cracking and gasifying the garbage in the furnace is supplied to the cracking furnace to crack the garbage, the cracking furnace shields the release of harmful substances, the pollution of dioxin to the environment is prevented, and waste residues are used as chemical raw materials. However, the biggest structural defect of the garbage cracking gasification furnace is that the utilization rate of the heat energy generated by the combustible gas generated by the cracking furnace in the combustion process of the burner is low (only 38%) by the cracking furnace, and most of the heat energy is discharged out of the furnace along with a chimney, which directly influences the working efficiency, the gas production rate and the garbage cracking speed of the cracking furnace. Due to the low heat utilization efficiency of the cracking furnace, the working temperature in the cracking furnace is unstable, aromatic substances in the produced mixed gas are increased, and finally, the phenomenon that the cracking oil blocks a system gas pipeline is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects of the cracking furnace, the harmless garbage cracking treatment device which is efficient, safe and capable of continuously operating is designed, the heat energy of combustible gas generated by the garbage cracking equipment can be fully utilized, and the closed garbage cracking gasification equipment is heated in an all-around and high-efficiency mode, so that the garbage cracking gasification speed is increased, the gas yield is increased, and the quality of the combustible gas is obviously improved. The specific design scheme is as follows:
a high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device comprises a superconducting cracker, a rotary superconducting stirrer, a burner, a reheater, a waste heat recoverer, a power device, a sealed feeder, a slag discharging device and a shell. The superconducting cracker is characterized in that two metal cup bodies with arc bottoms are sleeved together, a cup-shaped cavity is formed between the two walls of each cup body, the lower end of each cup body is provided with a double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head, each layer of each double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head is respectively welded with the two walls of each cup body, the upper ends of the two walls of each cup body are welded with a cup body flange plate to form a closed vacuum cup-shaped superconducting cavity, the bottom of each cup-shaped superconducting cavity is provided with a phase change working medium, the circumference of the inner wall of each cup body and the outer wall of the double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head at the lower end of each cup body are respectively welded with a plurality of heat exchange fins, a circular hole is formed in the center of each double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head, a circular seal sleeve is welded on each circular hole, a circular hole space is separated from the cup-, the upper part of the high-temperature resistant graphite fiber is pressed with an annular steel ring. The upper edge flange of the shell, the cup flange of the superconducting cracker and the flange of the top cover of the garbage cracking treatment device are sequentially connected into a whole by fastening bolts from bottom to top. The left side of the top cover of the garbage cracking treatment device is provided with a sealing feeder, and a feed inlet of the sealing feeder is communicated with the inside of the superconducting cracker. The rotary superconducting stirrer is composed of a hollow closed superconducting heat conducting rod, a plurality of radiating poking knives are welded on the superconducting heat conducting rod, a plurality of heat absorbing sheets are welded on the periphery of an evaporation end of the superconducting heat conducting rod, and a phase change working medium is filled in the superconducting heat conducting rod. And a plurality of heat dissipation poking knives are welded on the superconducting heat conducting rod to poke the garbage in the superconducting cracker and transfer latent heat obtained by the superconducting heat conducting rod to the surrounding garbage. The upper end of the superconductive heat conducting rod passes through the center of a high-temperature sealing bearing fixed in a circular sealing sleeve in the middle of a top cover of the garbage cracking treatment device, and a fixed chain disc of the superconductive heat conducting rod is meshed with a chain disc of an upper power device through a chain. The evaporation end of the superconducting heat conducting rod penetrates through the center of the high-temperature sealing bearing of the superconducting cracker, the evaporation end is positioned in the middle of the heating field of the burner, and heat energy obtained by the evaporation end from the heating field of the burner is conducted to garbage stirred by the superconducting cracker through the superconducting heat conducting rod and a plurality of heat dissipation stirring knives. The evaporating end of the superconductive heat conducting rod and the lower side of the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure are provided with a combustion chamber, and a combustor in the combustion chamber is communicated with a flame retardant device outside the furnace body and a water-sealed gas storage tank through pipelines. The combustion chamber is connected with a cup-shaped hot flue formed by the cup body and the shell into a whole and surrounds the superconductive cracker, and the outlet of the hot flue is communicated with the waste heat recoverer. The lower side of the combustion chamber is provided with a water seal groove, a slag outlet below the superconducting cracker is connected with a slag outlet pipe, and cracked garbage residues fall on a transmission belt of a slag outlet device through the slag outlet pipe sealed in the water seal groove and are conveyed to a residue separator. The superconductive cracker, the top cover of the garbage cracking treatment device, the sealing feeder, two circular sealing sleeves of the rotary superconductive stirrer and the slag discharging pipe sealed in the water sealing tank form a sealed space, and the static sealing vacuum degree of the space is-0.06 MPa.
The phase change working medium added on the arc-shaped circular end socket at the bottom of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity of the superconducting cracker and the phase change working medium added in the evaporation end of the rotary superconducting stirrer are activated liquid metal sodium-potassium alloy with the working temperature of 450-800 ℃, and the weight ratio of sodium to potassium is 2: 5. The static internal pressures of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity of the superconducting cracker and the superconducting heat conducting rod of the rotary superconducting stirrer are both 1.5X10-3Pa。
The combustor in the combustion chamber is an arc-shaped porous heating device, the evaporation end of the superconducting heat conducting rod and the center of the combustion chamber below the double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head are arranged, a heating field of the combustor enables the evaporation end of the superconducting heat conducting rod, the double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head, a plurality of heat exchange fins welded on the outer wall of the arc-shaped circular seal head and the periphery of the superconducting cracker to be covered in all directions, radiant heat generated by the work of the combustor is heated through a phase change working medium in the double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head and is gasified through the phase change working medium in the evaporation end of the superconducting heat conducting rod, the radiant heat is uniformly conducted to garbage stirred and rolled in the superconducting cracker through a cup-shaped superconducting cavity of the superconducting heat conducting rod, a plurality of heat exchange fins welded on the inner wall of a cup body, the superconducting heat conducting rod and a plurality of. After the latent heat is uniformly transmitted to the garbage by the phase change working medium through the cup-shaped superconducting cavity and the superconducting heat conducting rod, the phase change working medium for unloading the latent heat is changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state, and respectively flows back to the double-layer arc-shaped circular end socket and the evaporation end at the lower end of the superconducting heat conducting rod from the inside of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity and the inside of the superconducting heat conducting rod under the action of gravity to be continuously gasified by heat, so that the radiant heat of the combustor is continuously supplied to the superconducting cracker for continuously cracking and gasifying the garbage.
The said burner and double-deck arc round head between be the reheater, the reheater is a tubular heat exchanger, use the metal pipeline to connect between superconductive cracker gas outlet and the reheater import, the export of reheater communicates with condenser, separator, clarifier, centrifuge, water seal gas holder in proper order through the metal pipeline. The reheater can reheat the mixed gas from the superconductive cracker at high temperature to make it continue cracking, and decompose the aromatic hydrocarbon gas into combustible gas and store the combustible gas in the water-sealed gas storage tank, so as to continuously provide a garbage cracking gas source for the burner.
A heat flue is arranged between the outer wall of the cup body of the superconducting cracker and the shell, the heat flue is communicated with the combustion chamber and is separated from the inner space of the superconducting cracker, the waste heat of an epitaxial heating field of the combustion chamber wraps the outer wall of the cup body of the superconducting cracker, and the outer wall of the shell around the heat flue wraps a high-temperature-resistant insulating layer. Meanwhile, the waste heat of the heating field of the combustor is communicated with a waste heat recoverer through a hot flue outlet, and a small amount of waste heat overflowing from the hot flue is continuously utilized. The waste heat recoverer is composed of a box body, a middle partition plate and a plurality of superconducting fin heat exchange tubes, and is characterized in that the middle partition plate divides the superconducting fin heat exchange tubes into an upper box body and a lower box body in the box body, an air inlet of the lower box body is communicated with an air outlet of a hot flue through a pipeline, and a preheated air outlet of the upper box body is communicated with a combustion chamber through a pipeline. Waste heat flue gas from the air outlet of the hot flue enters the waste heat recoverer through the air inlet of the waste heat recoverer and then is discharged from the air outlet, heat of the waste heat flue gas is conducted to the upper box body through the plurality of superconductive finned heat exchange tubes, cold air entering from a cold air inlet on the left side of the upper box body is preheated and then enters the combustion chamber through the preheated air outlet and the pipeline to be used by the combustor, and therefore the combustion efficiency of the combustor is improved.
The sealed feeder consists of a feeding barrel, a feeding screw inside the feeding barrel, a feeding hopper, a motor and a speed reducer, wherein the feeding screw shaft is connected with the speed reducer of the motor, the feeding hopper is arranged at the upper part of the feeding barrel, a gasifying agent tank is arranged on the side surface of the feeding hopper, and garbage is fed into the superconducting cracker through the feeding hopper under the rotating action of the feeding screw. The left-to-right 2/3-length feeding screw of the feeding cylinder is arranged, and the rest 1/3-length space of the feeding cylinder is a garbage cavity blocking section. When the sealed feeder works, the garbage cavity blocking section can prevent air from entering the garbage cracking treatment device through the sealed feeder so as to avoid generating harmful substances such as dioxin, furan and the like when garbage is cracked and treated.
The power device is composed of a variable frequency driving motor and a speed reducer connected with the variable frequency driving motor, and an output chain disc 35 of the speed reducer is connected with a fixed chain disc at the upper end of the superconducting heat conducting rod through a chain. The driving motor drives the superconducting heat conducting rod to stir the garbage in the superconducting cracker to turn over at 5-7 revolutions per minute through the speed reducer, so that the garbage is cracked thoroughly.
The pipeline connecting the combustor and the water-sealed gas storage tank is provided with the flame arrester, the flame arrester is formed by arranging a metal wire mesh in the middle of a circular pipe with thick middle part and thin two ends, and the flame arrester can prevent sparks from entering the water-sealed gas storage tank through the gas pipeline to cause fire during the operation of the combustor.
The top cover arranged on the upper side of the garbage cracking treatment device and the shell around the superconducting cracker are both wrapped with an inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer with a heat conductivity coefficient of below 0.05W/(m.K) and a heat-resistant temperature of more than 900 ℃, the inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer is alumina polycrystalline fiber cotton, ceramic fiber heat-insulating cotton or graphite fiber heat-insulating cotton, and the thickness of the inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer is 15 cm-20 cm. The refractory bricks are arranged on the inner wall of the heating chamber, so that the heat radiated by the heating chamber can be prevented from being diffused outwards, and the heat generated by the burner is radiated in the heating area to improve the gas production rate of the garbage.
The gasification agent tank arranged on the side surface of the feed hopper of the sealed feeder is communicated with the feed cylinder, and liquid gasification agent is filled in the gasification agent tank and consists of 95 percent of water, 3 percent of dolomite and 2 percent of Fe2O3And (3) micro powder mixed liquid, wherein when the sealed feeder feeds the garbage, the liquid gasifying agent flows out of the gasifying agent tank and enters the sealed feeder to be mixed with the garbage in the feeding barrel. The water in the liquid gasifying agent is used for meeting the humidity requirement of the garbage in cracking gasification. Experiments show that when the temperature of a garbage cracking reaction zone in the superconducting cracker 1 is 350-600 ℃, water vapor is used as a gasifying agent to accelerate the garbage reaction, and the gas production conversion rate and the volatile escape rate of the garbage are obviously improved. The addition of the water vapor in the superconducting cracker greatly increases the gas yield of the materials along with the rise of the temperature, because the reaction temperature of the superconducting cracker 1 rises, the rising speed of the temperature of the garbage is accelerated, and the garbage which reacts in a garbage layer at the same time to release gas is increased, so that the instantaneous yield of the gas is increased. And due to the addition of the water vapor, part of gas released by garbage reaction reacts with the water vapor, the gas is further decomposed to generate other small molecule gas, and part of the small molecule gas can continue to react with the water vapor, so that the whole reaction duration is prolonged and the total gas yield is increased. Under the steam atmosphere of 400 ℃, the total gas yield of the municipal solid waste, kitchen waste and paper scraps can be maximally close to 950L/kg, and the heat value is improved by 40 percent, because the secondary cracking of tar and the steam generate reforming reaction with the rise of temperature, and CO and H are increased2Equal combustible gasThe content of (3), especially the content of the domestic garbage in the water vapor atmosphere of 400 ℃, is not only increased by the reforming reaction between the secondary cracking of the domestic garbage and water, but also favorable for the water gas reaction between the residual carbon of the domestic garbage and the water vapor at 400 ℃. The dolomite in the liquid catalyst is the catalyst, and the test shows that the dolomite is added into the garbage, when the temperature of a garbage cracking reaction zone in the superconducting cracker 1 is 350-600 ℃, the dolomite is used as the catalyst to obviously improve the combustible gas H2The content of tar is reduced, and the carbon deposition on the surface of equipment is reduced. Adding Fe into dolomite2O3The powder makes the dolomite become modified dolomite, the modified dolomite has improved the dolomite catalyst activity, the experiment shows: at 450 ℃, under the catalysis of modified dolomite, H2The volume fraction of (A) is 45.77% + -0.23%, and compared with the hydrogen-rich effect under the conditions of no catalysis and dolomite catalysis, the temperature required for gasification is reduced by 100 ℃. The modified dolomite not only promotes the carbon-carbon long chain on the hydrocarbon end chain to be broken, generates hydrogen free radicals, and further forms H2And meanwhile, the ring-opening reaction, decarboxylation and dehydroxylation of aromatic rings are promoted, so that tar after garbage cracking is more easily converted into micromolecular gas.
The working principle of the high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device is as follows: domestic garbage is fed with liquid gasification agent through a sealed feeder and then enters a garbage reaction area of the superconducting cracker, and a variable frequency driving motor of a power device is used for stirring garbage in the superconducting cracker at a speed of 5-7 rpm through a speed reducer, an output chain disc of the speed reducer, a chain and a plurality of heat dissipation poking knives welded on a superconducting heat conducting rod, wherein the chain disc is fixed at the upper end of the superconducting heat conducting rod and drives the superconducting heat conducting rod. The radiant heat generated by the work of the burner heats the phase change working medium in the double-layer arc-shaped circular end socket, heats the phase change working medium on the inner surface of the evaporation end of the superconducting heat conducting rod, leads the phase change working medium to be gasified, and leads the radiant heat to be uniformly conducted to the rolling garbage in the superconducting cracker through the cup-shaped superconducting cavity of the superconducting cracker, a plurality of heat exchange fins welded on the inner wall of the cup body, the superconducting heat conducting rod and a plurality of heat dissipation poking knives welded on the superconducting heat conducting rod, thus leading the garbage to be cracked and gasified. After the latent heat is uniformly transmitted to the garbage by the phase change working medium through the cup-shaped superconducting cavity and the superconducting heat conducting rod, the phase change working medium for unloading the latent heat is changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state, and respectively flows back to the double-layer arc-shaped circular end socket and the evaporation end at the lower end of the superconducting heat conducting rod from the inside of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity and the inside of the superconducting heat conducting rod under the action of gravity to be continuously gasified by heat, so that the radiant heat generated by combustion 3 is continuously supplied to the superconducting cracker for continuously cracking and gasifying the garbage. The gasified mixed gas enters a reheater from a gas outlet of the superconducting cracker and a metal pipeline to be cracked continuously at high temperature, the aromatic hydrocarbon gas in the reheater is decomposed into combustible gas, and then the combustible gas sequentially enters a water-sealed gas storage tank through a gas outlet, a condenser, a separator, a purifier and a centrifuge to be used as fuel of a garbage cracking treatment device.
The invention has the advantages that the garbage cracking treatment device utilizes the superconducting cracker, the rotary superconducting stirrer has the characteristics of high-efficiency omnibearing rapid heating, rapid heat transfer and rapid uniform heat exchange, the garbage cracking treatment device adopts the oxygen-insulated sealing technology, the garbage cracking treatment device replaces the conventional cracking furnace or pyrolysis furnace, the sealed space cracking temperature of the whole garbage cracking treatment device can reach about 600 ℃, the garbage reaction speed is high and the gas production rate is large under the participation of a liquid gasifying agent, the power source is self-supplied in the production process, the mixed gas condensation heat can be completely used for generating turbine power, the cracking solid product carbon can be used as a chemical raw material, fuel or carbon fertilizer, the economy is improved, no pollutant or harmful substance is generated, the danger of garbage carbonization and coking caused by local overheating of the conventional cracking device is avoided, and the oxygen enters the reaction zone of the garbage cracking furnace to cause flash explosion accidents, the gas production rate and the volatile escape rate are obviously improved, and the aims of reduction, reclamation and harmlessness of garbage treatment are really fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the inside of the high efficiency harmless garbage cracking apparatus.
In the figure 1, a superconducting cracker 2, a rotary superconducting stirrer 3, a combustor 4, a reheater 5, a waste heat recoverer 6, a power device 7, a sealing feeder 8, a slag discharging device 9, a shell 10, an arc-shaped bottom cup 11, a cup-shaped cavity 12, a double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head 13, a cup flange 14, a cup-shaped superconducting cavity 15, a phase change working medium 16, a heat exchange fin 17, a heat exchange fin 18, a circular seal sleeve 19, a high-temperature resistant seal bearing 20, a high-temperature resistant graphite fiber 21, an annular steel ring 22, a top cover 23, a pipeline 24, a flange 25, a flange 26, a fastening bolt 27, a feed inlet 28, a superconducting heat conducting rod 29, a heat dissipation poking knife 30, an evaporation end 31, a high-temperature seal bearing 32, a circular seal sleeve 33, a fixed chain plate 34, the device comprises a combustion chamber 37, a pipeline 38, a flame arrester 39, a hot flue 40, a hot flue outlet 41, an air inlet 42, a heat absorbing sheet 43, a water seal tank 44, a slag outlet 45, a slag outlet pipe 46, a phase change working medium 47, an air outlet 48, a metal pipeline 49, a metal pipeline 50, a condenser 51, a separator 52, a purifier 53, a centrifuge 54, a water seal air storage tank 55, a high temperature resistant heat insulation layer 56, a transmission belt 57, a box body 58, a middle partition plate 59, a superconducting fin heat exchange pipe 60, an air outlet 61, a cold air inlet 62, a preheated air outlet 63, a pipeline 64, a feeding cylinder 65, a feeding screw 66, a feeding hopper 67, a motor 68, a speed reducer 69, a garbage cavity blocking section 70, a variable frequency driving motor 71, a speed reducer
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Now, the following detailed description is made with reference to fig. 1 and 2: a high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device comprises a superconducting cracker 1, a rotary superconducting stirrer 2, a combustor 3, a reheater 4, a waste heat recoverer 5, a power device 6, a sealing feeder 7, a slag discharging device 8 and a shell 9. The superconducting cracker 1 is characterized in that two metal cup bodies 10 with arc bottoms are sleeved together, a cup-shaped cavity 11 is formed between two walls of the cup bodies 10, the lower end of the cup body 10 is provided with a double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12, each layer of the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12 is respectively welded with the two walls of the cup body 10, the upper ends of the two walls of the cup body 10 are welded with a cup body flange 13 to form a closed vacuum cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14, the bottom of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 is provided with a phase change working medium 15, the circumference of the inner wall of the cup body 10 and the outer wall of the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12 at the lower end of the cup body 10 are both welded with a plurality of heat exchange fins 16 and 17, a circular hole is formed in the center of the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12, a circular sealing sleeve 18 is welded on the circular hole, the circular, high temperature resistant graphite fiber 20 is filled between the periphery of the high temperature sealed bearing 19 and the circular sealing sleeve 18, and an annular steel ring 21 is pressed on the upper part of the high temperature resistant graphite fiber 20. The upper edge flange 24 of the shell 9, the cup flange 13 of the superconducting cracker and the flange 25 of the top cover of the garbage cracking treatment device are sequentially connected into a whole by fastening bolts 26 from bottom to top. The left side of the top cover 22 of the garbage cracking treatment device is provided with the sealing feeder 7, and a feed inlet 27 of the sealing feeder 7 is communicated with the inside of the superconducting cracker 1. The rotary superconducting stirrer 2 is composed of a hollow closed superconducting heat conducting rod 28, a plurality of radiating poking knives 29 are welded on the superconducting heat conducting rod 28, a plurality of heat absorbing sheets 42 are welded on the periphery of an evaporation end 30 of the superconducting heat conducting rod 28, and a phase change working medium 46 is arranged inside the superconducting heat conducting rod. The superconducting heat conducting rod 28 is welded with a plurality of heat dissipation poking knives 29 for poking the garbage in the superconducting cracker 1 and conducting the latent heat obtained by the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 to the surrounding garbage. The upper end of the superconductive heat conducting rod 28 passes through the center of a high-temperature sealing bearing 31 fixed in a circular sealing sleeve 32 in the middle of the top cover 22 of the garbage cracking treatment device, and a chain disc 33 fixed at the top end of the superconductive heat conducting rod is meshed with a chain disc 35 of an upper power device through a chain 34. An evaporation end 30 of the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 penetrates through the center of the high-temperature sealing bearing 19 of the superconducting cracker, the evaporation end 30 is located in the middle of a heating field of the combustor 3, and heat energy obtained by the evaporation end 30 from the heating field of the combustor 3 is conducted to garbage stirred by the superconducting cracker 1 through the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 and a plurality of radiating poking knives 29. The evaporation end 30 of the superconducting heat conducting rod and the lower side of the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12 are provided with a combustion chamber 36, and a combustor 3 in the combustion chamber 36 is communicated with an external furnace body flame arrester 38 and a water-sealed gas storage tank 54 through a pipeline 37. The combustion chamber 36 is connected with a cup-shaped heat flue 39 formed by the cup body 10 and the shell 9 into a whole and surrounds the superconducting cracker 1, and an outlet 40 of the heat flue 39 is communicated with the waste heat recoverer 5. The lower side of the combustion chamber 36 is provided with a water seal groove 43, a slag outlet 44 at the lower part of the superconducting cracker is connected with a slag outlet pipe 45, and cracked garbage residues fall on a transmission belt 56 of a slag outlet device 8 through the slag outlet pipe 45 sealed in the water seal groove 43 and are conveyed to a residue separator. The superconducting cracker 1, the top cover 22 of the garbage cracking treatment device, the sealing feeder 7, the two circular sealing sleeves 18 and 32 of the rotary superconducting stirrer 28 and the slag discharging pipe 45 sealed in the water sealing groove 43 form a sealing space, and the static sealing vacuum degree of the space is-0.06 MPa.
The phase change working medium 15 arranged on the arc-shaped circular end socket 22 at the bottom of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 of the superconducting cracker and the phase change working medium 46 arranged in the evaporation end 30 of the rotary superconducting stirrer are activated liquid metal sodium-potassium alloy with the working temperature of 450-800 ℃, and the weight ratio of the mixed sodium to the potassium is 2: 5. The static internal pressure inside the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 of the superconducting cracker and the superconducting heat conducting rod of the rotary superconducting stirrer is 1.5X10-3Pa。
The combustor 3 in the combustion chamber 36 is an arc porous heating device, the evaporation end 30 of the superconducting heat conducting rod and the middle position of the combustion chamber 36 below the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12 are arranged, the heating field covers the evaporation end 30 of the superconducting heat conducting rod, the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12, a plurality of heat exchange fins 17 welded on the outer wall of the arc-shaped circular end enclosure and the periphery of the superconducting cracker 1 in all directions, the radiant heat generated by the operation of the combustor 3 is gasified by heating the phase change working medium 15 in the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12 and by heating the phase change working medium 46 on the inner surface of the evaporation end 30 of the superconducting heat conducting rod, and is uniformly conducted to the garbage stirred and rolled in the superconducting cracker 1 through the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 of the superconducting cracker, a plurality of heat exchange fins 16 welded on the inner wall of the cup body 10, the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 and a plurality of radiating poking, so that the garbage is quickly and uniformly cracked and gasified. After the latent heat is uniformly transmitted to the garbage by the phase change working media 15 and 46 through the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 and the superconducting heat conducting rod 28, the phase change working media for unloading the latent heat are changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state, and respectively flow back to the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12 and the evaporation end 30 at the lower end of the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 from the inside of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 and the inside of the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 under the action of gravity to be continuously gasified by heat, and the radiant heat of the combustor 3 is continuously supplied to the garbage in the superconducting cracker 1 to be continuously cracked and gasified in cycles.
The reheater 4 is arranged between the combustor 3 and the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12, the reheater 4 is a tubular heat exchanger, the gas outlet 47 of the superconducting cracker 1 is connected with the inlet of the reheater through a metal pipeline 48, and the outlet of the reheater 4 is sequentially communicated with a condenser 50, a separator 51, a purifier 52, a centrifuge 53 and a water-sealed gas storage tank 54 through a metal pipeline 49. The reheater 4 can reheat the mixed gas from the superconducting cracker 1 at high temperature to continuously crack the mixed gas, decompose the aromatic hydrocarbon gas into combustible gas and store the combustible gas into the water-sealed gas storage tank 54, thereby continuously providing a garbage cracking gas source for the combustor 3.
A heat flue 39 is arranged between the outer wall of the cup body 10 of the superconducting cracker and the shell 9, the heat flue 39 is communicated with the combustion chamber 36 and is separated from the inner space of the superconducting cracker 1, the waste heat of an epitaxial heating field of the combustion chamber 36 wraps the outer wall of the cup body 10 of the superconducting cracker, and the outer wall of the shell 9 around the heat flue 39 wraps a high-temperature-resistant insulating layer 55. Meanwhile, the waste heat of the heating field of the combustor 3 is communicated with the waste heat recoverer 5 through the hot flue outlet 40, and a small amount of waste heat overflowing from the hot flue 39 is continuously utilized. The waste heat recoverer 5 is composed of a box body 57, a middle partition plate 58 and a plurality of superconducting fin heat exchange tubes 59, and is characterized in that the middle partition plate 58 divides the superconducting fin heat exchange tubes 59 into an upper box body and a lower box body in the box body 57, an air inlet 41 of the lower box body is communicated with an air outlet 40 of a heat flue through a pipeline 23, and a preheated air outlet 62 of the upper box body is communicated with a combustion chamber 36 through a pipeline 63. The waste heat flue gas from the air outlet 40 of the hot flue enters a waste heat recoverer through an air inlet 41 of the waste heat recoverer 5 and then is discharged from an air outlet 60, the heat of the waste heat flue gas is conducted to the upper box body through the plurality of superconductive finned heat exchange tubes 59, and cold air entering from a cold air inlet 61 on the left side of the upper box body is preheated and then enters the combustion chamber 36 through a preheated air outlet 62 and a pipeline 63 for use by the combustor 3, so that the combustion efficiency of the combustor 3 is improved.
The sealed feeder 7 is composed of a feeding cylinder 64, a feeding screw 65 inside the feeding cylinder, a feeding hopper 66, a motor 67 and a speed reducer 68, wherein the feeding screw shaft 65 is connected with the speed reducer 68 of the motor, the feeding hopper 66 is arranged at the upper part of the feeding cylinder 64, a gasifying agent tank 72 is arranged on the side surface of the feeding hopper 66, and the garbage is fed into the superconducting cracker 1 through the feeding hopper under the action of the feeding screw 65. The left-to-right 2/3 length of the feeding barrel 64 is provided with a feeding screw 65, and the rest 1/3 length space of the feeding barrel is a garbage cavity blocking section 69. The garbage chamber-blocking section 69 prevents air from entering the inside of the garbage cracking treatment apparatus through the sealed feeder 7 when the sealed feeder is in operation, so as to prevent the generation of harmful substances such as dioxin and furan during garbage cracking treatment.
The power device 6 is composed of a variable frequency driving motor 70 and a speed reducer 71 connected with the variable frequency driving motor, and an output chain disc 35 of the speed reducer 71 is connected with a fixed chain disc 33 at the upper end of the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 through a chain 34. The driving motor 70 drives the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 to stir the garbage in the superconducting cracker 1 to turn over at 5-7 revolutions per minute through the speed reducer 71, so that the garbage is cracked thoroughly.
The flame arrester 38 is arranged on the pipeline 37 connecting the combustor 3 and the water-sealed air storage tank 54, the flame arrester 38 is formed by arranging metal wire nets in the middle of a circular pipe with thick middle part and thin two ends, and can prevent sparks from entering the water-sealed air storage tank 54 through the air pipeline 37 to cause fire when the combustor 3 works.
The top cover 22 arranged on the upper side of the garbage cracking treatment device and the shell 9 at the periphery of the superconducting cracker 1 are wrapped with an inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer 55 with a heat conductivity coefficient of below 0.05W/(m.K) and a heat-resistant temperature of more than 900 ℃, the inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer is alumina polycrystalline fiber cotton, ceramic fiber heat-insulating cotton or graphite fiber heat-insulating cotton, and the thickness of the inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer is 15 cm-20 cm. The firebricks 73 are mounted on the inner wall of the heating chamber 36 to prevent the heat radiated from the heating chamber from being diffused outward, so that the heat generated by the burner 3 is radiated entirely in the heating zone to increase the gas yield of the garbage.
The gasification agent tank 72 arranged on the side surface of the feed hopper 66 of the sealed feeder 7 is communicated with the feed cylinder 64, the gasification agent tank 72 is filled with liquid gasification agent, and the liquid gasification agent is 95 percent of water, 3 percent of dolomite and 2 percent of Fe2O3And (3) micro powder mixed liquid, wherein when the garbage is fed into the sealed feeder 7, the liquid gasifying agent flows out from the gasifying agent tank 72, enters the sealed feeder and is mixed with the garbage in the feeding barrel 64. The water in the liquid gasifying agent is used for meeting the humidity requirement of the garbage in cracking gasification. Experiments show that in superconducting cracksWhen the temperature of the garbage cracking reaction zone in the decomposing device 1 is 350-600 ℃, the water vapor is used as a gasifying agent to accelerate the garbage reaction, and the gas production conversion rate and the volatile escape rate of the garbage are obviously improved. The addition of the water vapor in the superconducting cracker 1 greatly increases the gas yield of the material along with the rise of the temperature, and because the reaction temperature of the superconducting cracker 1 rises, the rising speed of the temperature of the garbage is accelerated, and the garbage which reacts simultaneously in a garbage layer to release gas is increased, so that the instantaneous yield of the gas is increased. And due to the addition of the water vapor, part of gas released by garbage reaction reacts with the water vapor, the gas is further decomposed to generate other small molecule gas, and part of the small molecule gas can continue to react with the water vapor, so that the whole reaction duration is prolonged and the total gas yield is increased. Under the steam atmosphere of 400 ℃, the total gas yield of the municipal solid waste, kitchen waste and paper scraps can be maximally close to 950L/kg, and the heat value is improved by 40 percent, because the secondary cracking of tar and the steam generate reforming reaction with the rise of temperature, and CO and H are increased2When the content of combustible gas, particularly the domestic garbage is in the water vapor atmosphere of 400 ℃, the content of the combustible gas is increased by the reforming reaction of the secondary cracking of the domestic garbage and water, and the water gas reaction of the residual carbon of the domestic garbage and the water vapor is facilitated at 400 ℃. The dolomite in the liquid catalyst is the catalyst, and the test shows that the dolomite is added into the garbage, when the temperature of a garbage cracking reaction zone in the superconducting cracker 1 is 350-600 ℃, the dolomite is used as the catalyst to obviously improve the combustible gas H2The content of tar is reduced, and the carbon deposition on the surface of equipment is reduced. Adding Fe into dolomite2O3The powder makes the dolomite become modified dolomite, the modified dolomite has improved the dolomite catalyst activity, the experiment shows: at 450 ℃, under the catalysis of modified dolomite, H2The volume fraction of (A) is 45.77% + -0.23%, and compared with the hydrogen-rich effect under the conditions of no catalysis and dolomite catalysis, the temperature required for gasification is reduced by 100 ℃. The modified dolomite not only promotes the carbon-carbon long chain on the hydrocarbon end chain to be broken, generates hydrogen free radicals, and further forms H2Simultaneously promote the ring opening reaction, decarboxylation and dehydroxylation of aromatic ring, so as to lead the tar after garbage crackingIs easier to be converted into micromolecular gas.
The working principle of the high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device is as follows: domestic garbage is added with a liquid gasification agent through a sealed feeder 7 and then enters a garbage reaction area of the superconducting cracker 1, and a variable frequency driving motor 70 of a power device 6 drives a superconducting heat conducting rod 28 and a plurality of heat dissipation poking knives 29 welded on the superconducting heat conducting rod through a speed reducer 71, an output chain disc 35 of the speed reducer, a chain 34 and a fixed chain disc 33 at the upper end of the superconducting heat conducting rod to stir garbage in the superconducting cracker 1 to turn at a rotating speed of 5-7 per minute. The radiant heat generated by the work of the burner 3 heats the phase change working medium 15 in the double-layer arc-shaped circular end socket 12, heats the phase change working medium 46 in the evaporation end 30 of the superconducting heat conducting rod to be gasified in a phase change manner, and the radiant heat is uniformly conducted to the rolling garbage in the superconducting cracker 1 through the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 of the superconducting cracker, the plurality of heat exchange fins 16 welded on the inner wall of the cup body, the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 and the plurality of heat dissipation poking knives 29 welded on the superconducting heat conducting rod 28, so that the garbage is cracked and gasified. After the latent heat is uniformly transmitted to the garbage by the phase change working medium through the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 and the superconducting heat conducting rod 28, the phase change working medium for unloading the latent heat is changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state, and respectively flows back to the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure 12 and the evaporation end 30 at the lower end of the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 from the inside of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity 14 and the inside of the superconducting heat conducting rod 28 under the action of gravity to be continuously gasified by heat, so that the radiant heat of the combustor 3 is continuously supplied to the garbage in the superconducting cracker 1 to be cracked and gasified in cycles. The gasified mixed gas enters the reheater 4 from the gas outlet 47 of the superconducting cracker and the metal pipeline 48 to be cracked continuously at high temperature, the aromatic hydrocarbon gas in the reheater is decomposed into combustible gas, and then the combustible gas passes through the gas outlet 49, the condenser 50, the separator 51, the purifier 52 and the centrifuge 53 in sequence and enters the water-sealed gas storage tank 54 to be used as fuel of the garbage cracking treatment device.

Claims (10)

1. A high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device is composed of a superconducting cracker (1), a rotary superconducting stirrer (2), a combustor (3), a reheater (4), a waste heat recoverer (5), a power device (6), a sealing feeder (7), a slag discharging device (8) and a shell (9), and is characterized in that the superconducting cracker (1) is formed by sleeving two metal cup bodies (10) with arc-shaped bottoms together, a cup-shaped cavity (11) is formed between the two walls of the cup bodies (10), a double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure (12) is arranged at the lower end of each cup body (10), each layer of the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure (12) is respectively welded with the two walls of the cup bodies (10), the upper ends of the two walls of the cup bodies (10) are welded with cup body flange plates (13) to form a closed vacuum cup-shaped superconducting cavity (14), a phase change working medium (15) is arranged at the bottom of the cup-shaped superconducting cavity (14), and a plurality of heat exchange fins are welded on the circumference of the inner The double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure comprises sheets (16) and (17), wherein a circular hole is formed in the center of a double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure (12), a circular sealing sleeve (18) is welded on the circular hole, the circular sealing sleeve (18) is welded with the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure (12), the circular sealing sleeve (18) separates the space of the circular hole from the space of a cup-shaped superconducting cavity (14), a high-temperature-resistant sealing bearing (19) is fixed in the circular sealing sleeve (18), high-temperature-resistant graphite fibers (20) are filled between the periphery of the high-temperature-resistant sealing bearing (19) and the circular sealing sleeve (18), and an annular steel ring (21) is pressed at the; the upper edge flange (24) of the shell (9), the cup flange (13) of the superconducting cracker and the flange (25) of the top cover of the garbage cracking treatment device are sequentially connected into a whole by fastening bolts (26) from bottom to top; a sealing feeder (7) is arranged on the left side of a top cover (22) of the garbage cracking treatment device, and a feed inlet (27) of the sealing feeder (7) is communicated with the inside of the superconducting cracker (1); the rotary superconducting stirrer (2) is composed of a hollow closed superconducting heat conducting rod (28), a plurality of radiating poking knives (29) are welded on the superconducting heat conducting rod (28), a plurality of heat absorbing sheets (42) are welded on the periphery of an evaporation end (30) of the superconducting heat conducting rod (28), and a phase change working medium (46) is filled in the rotary superconducting stirrer; the upper end of the superconducting heat conducting rod (28) penetrates through the center of a high-temperature sealing bearing (31) fixed in a circular sealing sleeve (32) in the middle of a top cover (22) of the garbage cracking treatment device, and a chain disc (33) fixed at the top end of the superconducting heat conducting rod is meshed with a chain disc (35) of an upper power device through a chain (34); an evaporation end (30) of the superconducting heat conducting rod (28) penetrates through the center of a high-temperature sealing bearing (19) of the superconducting cracker, the evaporation end (30) is positioned in the middle position of a heating field of the combustor (3), and heat energy obtained by the evaporation end (30) from the heating field of the combustor (3) is conducted to garbage stirred by the superconducting cracker (1) through the superconducting heat conducting rod (28) and a plurality of radiating poking knives (29); a combustion chamber (36) is arranged below the evaporation end (30) of the superconducting heat conducting rod and the double-layer arc-shaped circular end enclosure (12), and a combustor (3) in the combustion chamber (36) is communicated with an external furnace body flame arrester (38) and a water-sealed gas storage tank (54) through a pipeline (37); the combustion chamber (36) is connected with a cup-shaped heat flue (39) formed by the cup body (10) and the shell (9) into a whole and surrounds the superconducting cracker (1), and an outlet (40) of the heat flue (39) is communicated with the waste heat recoverer (5); a water seal groove (43) is arranged below the combustion chamber (36), a slag outlet (44) below the superconducting cracker is connected with a slag outlet pipe (45), and the garbage residue falls on a transmission belt (56) of a slag outlet device (8) through the slag outlet pipe (45) sealed in the water seal groove (43) and is conveyed to a residue separator; the superconducting cracker (1), the top cover (22) of the garbage cracking treatment device, the sealing feeder (7), two circular sealing sleeves (18) and (32) of the rotary superconducting stirrer (28) and a slag discharging pipe (45) sealed in a water sealing groove (43) form a sealing space, and the static sealing vacuum degree of the space is-0.06 MPa.
2. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the phase change working medium (15) additionally arranged on an arc-shaped circular end socket (22) at the bottom of a cup-shaped superconducting cavity (14) of the superconducting cracker and the phase change working medium (46) additionally arranged in an evaporation end (30) of the rotary superconducting stirrer are activated liquid metal sodium-potassium alloy with the working temperature of 450-800 ℃, and the mixing weight ratio of sodium to potassium is 2: 5. The static internal pressure inside the cup-shaped superconducting cavity (14) of the superconducting cracker and the superconducting heat conducting rod (28) of the rotary superconducting stirrer is 1.5X10-3Pa。
3. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the combustor (3) in the combustion chamber (36) is an arc-shaped porous heating device, the evaporation end (30) of the superconducting heat conducting rod and the center of the combustion chamber (36) below the double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head (12) are arranged, a heating field of the combustor covers the evaporation end (30) of the superconducting heat conducting rod, the double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head (12), a plurality of heat exchange fins (17) welded on the outer wall of the arc-shaped circular seal head and the periphery of the superconducting cracker (1) in all directions, radiant heat generated by the work of the combustor (3) is gasified by heating a phase change working medium (15) in the double-layer arc-shaped circular seal head (12) and a phase change working medium (46) in the inner surface of the evaporation end (30) of the superconducting heat conducting rod, and is gasified by heating a cup-shaped superconducting cavity (14) of the superconducting cracker, a plurality of heat exchange fins (16) welded on the inner wall of the cup body (10), the superconducting, the radiation heat is uniformly conducted to the garbage stirred in the superconducting cracker (1).
4. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the utility model discloses a superconductive heat exchanger, including combustor (3) and double-deck arc circle head (12), be between reheater (4), reheater (4) are a tubular heat exchanger, be connected with metal pipeline (48) between superconductive cracker (1) gas outlet (47) and the reheater import, the export of reheater (4) is through metal pipeline (49) and condenser (50), separator (51), clarifier (52), centrifuge (53), water seal gas holder (54) communicate in proper order.
5. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a heat flue (39) is arranged between the outer wall of the cup body (10) of the superconducting cracker and the shell (9), the heat flue (39) is communicated with the combustion chamber (36) and is separated from the inner space of the superconducting cracker (1), the outer wall of the cup body (10) of the superconducting cracker is wrapped by the waste heat of an epitaxial heating field of the combustion chamber (36), a high-temperature-resistant insulating layer (55) is wrapped on the outer wall of the shell (9) around the heat flue (39) and is communicated with the waste heat recoverer (5) through a heat flue outlet (40), the waste heat recoverer (5) is composed of a box body (57), a middle partition plate (58) and a plurality of superconducting fin heat exchange tubes (59), the middle partition plate (58) separates the superconducting fin heat exchange tubes (59) and the box body (57) into an upper box body and a lower box body, an air inlet (41) of the lower box body is communicated with a heat flue outlet (40) through a pipeline (23), a preheated air outlet (62), waste heat flue gas from a hot flue gas outlet (40) enters a waste heat recoverer through a waste heat recoverer (5) gas inlet (41) and is discharged from a gas outlet (60), the heat of the waste heat flue gas is conducted to an upper box body through a plurality of superconductive fin heat exchange tubes (59), and cold air enters a combustion chamber (36) from a left cold air inlet (61) through preheating and enters a preheating air outlet (62) and a pipeline (63).
6. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sealed feeder (7) comprises a feeding cylinder (64), a feeding screw (65) inside the feeding cylinder, a feeding hopper (66), a motor (67) and a speed reducer (68), wherein the feeding screw shaft (65) is connected with the speed reducer (68) of the motor, the feeding hopper (66) is arranged at the upper part of the feeding cylinder (64), a gasifying agent tank (72) is arranged on the side surface of the feeding hopper (66), garbage enters the superconducting cracker (1) through the feeding hopper (64) and the feeding screw (65), the feeding screw (65) is arranged in the feeding cylinder (64) from the left to the right in 2/3 length, and the rest 1/3 length space of the feeding cylinder is a garbage cavity blocking section (69).
7. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the power device (6) is composed of a variable frequency driving motor (70) and a speed reducer (71) connected with the variable frequency driving motor, an output chain disc (35) of the speed reducer (71) is connected with a fixed chain disc (33) at the upper end of the superconducting heat conducting rod (28) through a chain (34), and the driving motor (70) drives the superconducting heat conducting rod (28) to stir garbage in the superconducting cracker (1) at 5-7 revolutions per minute through the speed reducer (71).
8. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and a flame arrester (38) is arranged on a pipeline (37) for connecting the combustor (3) and the water-sealed gas storage tank (54), and the flame arrester (38) is formed by arranging a metal wire mesh in the middle of a circular pipe with thick middle part and thin two ends.
9. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the top cover (22) arranged on the upper side of the garbage cracking treatment device and the shell (9) at the periphery of the superconducting cracker (1) are wrapped with an inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer (55) with a heat conductivity coefficient of less than 0.05W/(m.K) and a heat-resistant temperature of more than 900 ℃, the inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer is alumina polycrystalline fiber cotton, or ceramic fiber heat-insulating cotton, or graphite fiber heat-insulating cotton, the thickness of the inorganic high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating layer is 15 cm-20 cm, and the inner wall of the heating chamber (36) is provided with a refractory brick (73).
10. The high-efficiency harmless garbage cracking treatment device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the gasification agent tank (72) arranged on the side surface of the feed hopper (66) of the sealed feeder (7) is communicated with the feed cylinder (64), the gasification agent tank (72) is filled with a liquid gasification agent, the liquid gasification agent is a mixed solution of 95% of water, 3% of dolomite and 2% of Fe2O3 micro powder, and when garbage enters the sealed feeder (7), the liquid gasification agent flows out of the gasification agent tank (72) and enters the feed cylinder (64) of the sealed feeder.
CN202010690590.0A 2020-07-07 2020-07-07 High-efficient innoxious rubbish schizolysis processing apparatus Pending CN111978991A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113477190A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-10-08 东南大学 Method for preparing methane gas from solid waste in two-stage mode
WO2024103194A1 (en) * 2022-11-16 2024-05-23 Universidad De Tarapacá Pyrolysis reactor for urban waste treatment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113477190A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-10-08 东南大学 Method for preparing methane gas from solid waste in two-stage mode
WO2024103194A1 (en) * 2022-11-16 2024-05-23 Universidad De Tarapacá Pyrolysis reactor for urban waste treatment

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