CN111978967A - Biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system and method - Google Patents
Biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111978967A CN111978967A CN202010716614.5A CN202010716614A CN111978967A CN 111978967 A CN111978967 A CN 111978967A CN 202010716614 A CN202010716614 A CN 202010716614A CN 111978967 A CN111978967 A CN 111978967A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
- C10B47/44—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system and a method, wherein the system comprises a radiation pyrolysis device and a microwave pyrolysis system which are arranged between a feeding system and an oil-gas separation system; the radiant pyrolysis device is in a sleeve shape, smoke circulates in the outer layer, the inner layer conveys feeding materials, and the outlet of the device is respectively connected with the oil-gas separation system and the microwave pyrolysis system; the microwave pyrolysis system comprises a microwave pyrolysis device and a carbon condensation device, an outlet of the microwave pyrolysis device is respectively connected with the carbon condensation device and the oil-gas separation system, the microwave pyrolysis device comprises a microwave generator and a waveguide tube arranged on the central axis inside the microwave pyrolysis device, and a wave feed port is formed in the waveguide tube. According to the invention, the radiant low-temperature pyrolysis adopts high-temperature flue gas to carry out radiant heat exchange on biomass, carrier-gas-free pyrolysis is realized, the pyrolysis can be directly connected with a microwave pyrolysis section, and the flue gas after heat exchange further dries the materials in a fluidized bed, so that the gradient utilization of heat is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis method, in particular to a substance radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system and a substance radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis method.
Background
The biomass mainly refers to lignocellulose such as straws and trees except grains and fruits in the production process of agriculture and forestry, leftovers in the processing industry of agricultural products, wastes in agriculture and forestry, livestock manure and wastes in the production process of animal husbandry and the like, and is the fourth largest energy source in the world. Energy utilization of biomass involves not only energy-related problems but also environmental-related problems such as disposal of solid waste.
Biomass pyrolysis refers to the process of heating biomass in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment to cause internal decomposition to form biochar, bio-oil and pyrolysis gas. Pyrolysis is an important method for efficiently utilizing biomass energy, but the biomass pyrolysis still has a plurality of problems in practical utilization, and the following problems mainly exist: the traditional internal heating type pyrolysis furnace has low product yield, poor quality and lower energy utilization efficiency; the external heating type pyrolysis furnace needs nitrogen or inert gas as carrier gas, and has complex equipment and high cost; the microwave pyrolysis has the advantages of no need of carrier gas, uniform heating and the like, but a large amount of electric energy is needed to be input and converted into microwave energy, and meanwhile, the biomass raw material has low microwave absorption capacity, so that the energy utilization rate is poor; the biomass is distributed and dispersed, the bulk density of the raw material is low, the transportation cost is high, and large-scale centralized treatment is difficult; the biomass raw material has high water content and large energy consumption in the drying process.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system and method with no carrier gas and high energy utilization rate.
The technical scheme is as follows: a biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system comprises a feeding system, an oil-gas separation system, a radiation pyrolysis device and a microwave pyrolysis device, wherein the radiation pyrolysis device and the microwave pyrolysis device are arranged between the feeding system and the oil-gas separation system; the inlet of the radiation pyrolysis device is connected with the outlet of the feeding system, the device is in a sleeve shape, the smoke flows through the inner part of the outer layer, the inner layer conveys the feeding material, the inner layer pyrolysis gas outlet and the radiation pyrolysis material outlet are respectively connected with the oil-gas separation system and the microwave pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the microwave pyrolysis material outlet of the microwave pyrolysis device are respectively connected with the oil-gas separation system and the carbon condensation device, the microwave pyrolysis device comprises a microwave generator and a waveguide tube arranged at the inner central axis of the device, and a wave feeding port is formed in the waveguide tube.
The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis method comprises the following steps:
(1) the material is fluidized and dried by a fluidized bed, and is sent into a radiation pyrolysis device for low-temperature pyrolysis after cyclone separation;
(2) the radiation pyrolysis device carries out pyrolysis by utilizing the heat of flue gas generated by the combustion of uncondensed gas after the oil-gas separation of the system, the pyrolysis temperature is 340-360 ℃, and the oil-gas separation is carried out on the product after the pyrolysis of the material;
(3) and (3) the material subjected to the radiation pyrolysis enters a microwave pyrolysis device for fast pyrolysis, the pyrolysis temperature is 600-620 ℃, and the residual solid material after pyrolysis is cooled.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) according to the invention, the radiant low-temperature pyrolysis adopts high-temperature flue gas to carry out radiant heat exchange on biomass, carrier-gas-free pyrolysis is realized, the pyrolysis can be directly connected with a microwave pyrolysis section, and the flue gas after heat exchange further dries the materials in a fluidized bed, so that the gradient utilization of heat is realized.
(2) The low-temperature pyrolysis energy consumption of the radiation pyrolysis section accounts for more than 80% of the total biomass pyrolysis energy consumption, the biomass can be subjected to deep pyrolysis by inputting a small amount of electric energy into the microwave pyrolysis section to obtain a high-quality pyrolysis product, the wave absorbing capacity of the biomass is enhanced after the biomass is subjected to pre-pyrolysis, the microwave energy consumption is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the high-quality oil-carbon co-production is realized, and meanwhile, the size of equipment is controlled, so that the biomass pyrolysis device can be used as mobile equipment and is suitable for the biomass.
(3) According to the invention, the biomass is fully contacted with the gas in the bubbling fluidization drying process, so that the heat exchange efficiency is high and the heating is uniform;
(4) the device disclosed by the invention is small in size, can be arranged in a small space, can be used as a mobile device, and overcomes the limitation of biomass distribution and dispersion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the system of the present invention comprises a feeding system, an oil-gas separation system, a radiation pyrolysis device and a microwave pyrolysis system arranged between the feeding system and the oil-gas separation system.
The feeding system comprises a fluidized bed 2, a cyclone separator 3 arranged at the top outlet of the fluidized bed 2, a spiral feeding device 1 arranged at the inlet of the fluidized bed, an air supply system 31 arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed and an air lock 4 arranged between the cyclone separator 3 and the radiation pyrolysis device 5.
The radiation pyrolysis device 5 is of a horizontally arranged sleeve structure, the outer layer is a high-temperature flue gas layer, and a flue gas inlet 8 and a flue gas outlet 30 are arranged on the outer layer. The flue gas inlet 8 is connected with the burner 11, and the flue gas outlet 30 is connected with the air supply system 31 of the feeding system. The inner layer is a material layer and is connected with a radiation pyrolysis gas outlet 6. The radiation pyrolysis gas outlet 6 is connected with a first heat exchanger of the oil-gas separation system. The spiral packing auger 7 driven by a motor is arranged on the central axis in the radiation pyrolysis device 27 and is responsible for conveying materials.
One end of the radiation pyrolysis device 5 is provided with a radiation pyrolysis material outlet which is connected with an inlet of the microwave pyrolysis device 27. The microwave pyrolysis device 27 is provided with a microwave pyrolysis gas outlet 19 and a microwave pyrolysis material outlet, the material outlet of the microwave pyrolysis device 27 is connected with the carbon condensing device 23, and the microwave pyrolysis gas outlet 19 is connected with a second heat exchanger of the oil-gas separation system. The central axis inside the radiation pyrolysis device 27 is also provided with a spiral auger driven by a motor and is responsible for conveying materials. As shown in fig. 2, a waveguide 25 is disposed on a central axis inside the pyrolysis apparatus 27, a plurality of wave feeding ports 26 are disposed on the waveguide 25, microwaves enter the pyrolysis apparatus through the wave feeding ports via the waveguide, and the waveguide is disposed in the central axis to ensure integrity of a resonant cavity in the pyrolysis apparatus, reduce difficulty of sealing, and make microwave radiation more uniform.
The oil-gas separation system comprises a first-stage oil-gas separation device 12, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a second-stage oil-gas separation device 17. The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are respectively connected with the outlets of the radiation pyrolysis device and the microwave pyrolysis device, two primary oil-gas separation devices 12 are respectively connected with the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and the primary oil-gas separation devices 12 are connected in parallel and connected with the secondary oil-gas separation device 17. A vacuum pump 15 is arranged in front of an inlet of the secondary oil-gas separation device 17, and an outlet of the secondary oil-gas separation device 17 is connected with a gas storage tank 14 for storing non-condensable gas. The first-stage oil-gas separation device and the second-stage oil-gas separation device respectively comprise an oil storage tank arranged below the separation chamber, a noncondensable gas outlet arranged above the separation chamber and a pyrolysis gas inlet.
The gas storage tank 14 is connected with the combustor 11, the combustor 11 is further provided with a blower, stored noncondensable gas is combusted in the combustor, high-temperature flue gas is generated, and the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the outer layer of the radiation pyrolysis device 5 to provide radiation pyrolysis heat.
The fluidized bed 2, the microwave pyrolysis device 5 and the radiation pyrolysis device 27 are all provided with heat insulation layers outside.
The working principle of the system of the invention is as follows:
firstly, biomass enters a fluidized bed 2 through a spiral feeding device 1 for drying, a heat source is mixed gas of flue gas and cold air after being utilized by radiation pyrolysis sent by a fluidized bed air supply system 31, and the temperature is 200-250 ℃. And then, after drying, separating the biomass by a cyclone separator 3, wherein the discharge temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the biomass enters a radiation pyrolysis device 5 through an air locker 4 to be pyrolyzed at a low temperature, and the pyrolysis temperature is 340-.
Secondly, the biomass in the radiation pyrolysis device 5 is conveyed by a motor driving the packing auger 7, and the vacuum pump 15 is used for pumping air from the inner lining of the device to ensure that the inner part of the device is in a vacuum state. The pyrolysis gas phase product enters a first-stage oil-gas separation device 12 through a first heat exchanger through a pyrolysis gas outlet 6 of the radiation pyrolysis section for gas-liquid separation, and tar enters a low-temperature pyrolysis oil storage tank 10. The high-temperature flue gas which provides a heat source for the radiation pyrolysis is generated by burning noncondensable gas in the burner 1, enters the outer layer of the radiation pyrolysis device 5 through the flue gas inlet 8, has the temperature of 1000-1150 ℃, the inner layer of the device is close to vacuum, the heat exchange is mainly based on radiation heat exchange, the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange is 750-800 ℃, and the flue gas after heat exchange is mixed with cold air through the flue gas outlet 30 and then is sent into the drying device for continuous utilization through the fluidized bed air supply system 31.
After low-temperature pyrolysis, the biomass enters the microwave pyrolysis device 27 for fast pyrolysis, the device is vacuumized by the vacuum pump 15, microwaves are generated by the microwave generator 20, the biomass is fast pyrolyzed in the microwave pyrolysis device 27 at the pyrolysis temperature of 600-.
The pyrolysis solid product enters a charcoal cooling device 23, cooling water enters from a water inlet 21, the cooling water is discharged from a water outlet 24, countercurrent heat exchange is carried out, and biomass pyrolysis product biochar is collected by a charcoal storage tank 22.
And finally, the pyrolysis gas product is sent into the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger through a microwave pyrolysis section pyrolysis gas outlet 19, is separated through the first-stage oil-gas separation device 12, the liquid phase enters the fast pyrolysis oil storage tank 16, the gas and the condensed radiation pyrolysis section gas product are converged, and continuously enter the second-stage oil-gas separation device 17 through the vacuum pump 15 to complete the separation of the uncondensed gas and the light oil, and the uncondensed gas and the light oil are respectively sent into the gas storage tank 14 and the light oil tank 18. The non-condensing gas is supplied to the burner 11 from the gas tank 14, and supplied with oxygen from the air supplied from the blower 13 and the air excess factor is adjusted to control the flue gas temperature. The fluidized bed 2, the radiation pyrolysis device 5 and the microwave pyrolysis device are covered by an insulating layer 29, so that heat dissipation is reduced.
Claims (10)
1. A biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system comprises a feeding system and an oil-gas separation system, and is characterized by also comprising a radiation pyrolysis device (5) and a microwave pyrolysis device (27) which are arranged between the feeding system and the oil-gas separation system; the inlet of the radiation pyrolysis device (5) is connected with the outlet of the feeding system, the device is in a sleeve shape, smoke gas flows through the inner layer, feeding is conveyed to the inner layer, and the pyrolysis gas outlet (6) and the radiation pyrolysis material outlet of the inner layer are respectively connected with the oil-gas separation system and the microwave pyrolysis device (27); pyrolysis gas outlet (19) and microwave pyrolysis material outlet of microwave pyrolysis device (27) are connected oil gas separation system and charcoal condensing equipment (23) respectively, and microwave pyrolysis device (27) include microwave generator (20) and locate waveguide pipe (25) of the inside axis department of device, are equipped with on the waveguide pipe and present ripples mouth (26).
2. The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system of claim 1, characterized in that a flue gas inlet (8) is arranged on the outer layer of the radiation pyrolysis device (5), the flue gas inlet (8) is connected with a burner (11), and noncondensable gas obtained by separation of an oil-gas separation system in the burner (11) is combusted.
3. The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein the char condensing unit (23) is in a sleeve shape, the outer layer of the device is provided with a cooling water inlet (21) and a cooling water outlet (24), the central axis of the inner layer of the device is provided with a spiral auger driven by a motor, and the outlet of the device is connected with a char storage tank (22).
4. The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system of claim 1, characterized in that the feeding system comprises a fluidized bed (2), a cyclone separator (3) arranged at the top outlet of the fluidized bed, an air supply system (31) arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed and an air lock (4) arranged between the cyclone separator (3) and the radiation pyrolysis device (5); the fluidized bed (2) is provided with a feeding inlet, and a spiral feeding device (1) is arranged at the inlet.
5. The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system of claim 2 or 4, characterized in that a flue gas outlet (30) is arranged on the outer layer of the radiation pyrolysis device (5), and the flue gas outlet is connected with an air supply system (31).
6. The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system of claim 1, characterized in that the oil-gas separation system comprises a primary oil-gas separation device (9), a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a vacuum pump (15) arranged behind the primary oil-gas separation device; the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are respectively connected with the radiation pyrolysis material outlet and the microwave pyrolysis material outlet, and two primary oil-gas separation devices (9) are respectively connected with the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.
7. The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system of claim 6, characterized in that the oil-gas separation system further comprises a secondary oil-gas separation device (17), the primary oil-gas separation device (9) is connected in parallel and connected with the secondary oil-gas separation device (17); the outlet of the secondary oil-gas separation device (17) is connected with a gas storage tank (14).
8. The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein the microwave pyrolysis device (27) and the radiation pyrolysis device (5) are both internally provided with a spiral auger driven by a motor.
9. The biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system of claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the fluidized bed (2), the microwave pyrolysis device (27) and the radiation pyrolysis device (5) are externally provided with heat insulation layers.
10. A biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis method based on the pyrolysis system of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the material is fluidized and dried by a fluidized bed, and is sent into a radiation pyrolysis device for low-temperature pyrolysis after cyclone separation;
(2) the radiation pyrolysis device carries out pyrolysis by utilizing the heat of flue gas generated by the combustion of uncondensed gas after the oil-gas separation of the system, the pyrolysis temperature is 340-360 ℃, and the oil-gas separation is carried out on the product after the pyrolysis of the material;
(3) and (3) the material subjected to the radiation pyrolysis enters a microwave pyrolysis device for fast pyrolysis, the pyrolysis temperature is 600-620 ℃, and the residual solid material after pyrolysis is cooled.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010716614.5A CN111978967A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Biomass radiation microwave coupling pyrolysis system and method |
| PCT/CN2020/138200 WO2022016801A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-12-22 | Biomass radiation-microwave coupled pyrolysis system and method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113457575A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-10-01 | 东南大学 | System and method for preparing carbon nanofibers and hydrogen through microwave continuous pyrolysis |
| CN113862013A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-31 | 上海金匙环保科技股份有限公司 | Pyrolysis unit, pyrolysis system and pyrolysis method |
| WO2022016801A1 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-27 | 东南大学 | Biomass radiation-microwave coupled pyrolysis system and method |
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| CN114853310A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-08-05 | 广州晟启能源设备有限公司 | Sludge treatment system and sludge treatment method |
| CN114853309A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-08-05 | 广州晟启能源设备有限公司 | Sludge treatment system and sludge treatment method |
| CN115197727B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-01-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Treatment method and treatment device for restoring polluted soil by biomass pyrolysis and carbonization |
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| CN113457575A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-10-01 | 东南大学 | System and method for preparing carbon nanofibers and hydrogen through microwave continuous pyrolysis |
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