CN111975129A - Compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash - Google Patents

Compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111975129A
CN111975129A CN202010701537.6A CN202010701537A CN111975129A CN 111975129 A CN111975129 A CN 111975129A CN 202010701537 A CN202010701537 A CN 202010701537A CN 111975129 A CN111975129 A CN 111975129A
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backlash
wheel box
gear
lapping
wheel
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CN202010701537.6A
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CN111975129B (en
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王宇晖
邹文毅
邓澍杰
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Hunan Zdcy Cnc Equipment Co ltd
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Hunan Zdcy Cnc Equipment Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23FMAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/02Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by grinding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23FMAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/20Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a compensation method for detecting the tooth grinding backlash of a spiral bevel gear, which is characterized by comprising a tooth grinding machine tool, wherein the tooth grinding machine tool is provided with a first wheel box and a second wheel box, a gear pair is correspondingly arranged on the first wheel box and the second wheel box, elastic jacking acting force is exerted on the second wheel box to keep the two surfaces of the gear pair engaged, the gear pair is controlled to rotate, the runout of the second wheel box is detected, and the backlash compensation is calculated according to the runout of the second wheel box. According to the invention, when the gear pair is meshed, the elastic jacking acting force is applied to the second wheel box, so that the backlash of the gear pair can be reflected through the jumping of the second wheel box, and then the backlash between the gear pair is calculated and compensated through the jumping of the second wheel box, so that the gear grinding quality can be effectively ensured, the yield is improved, and the practicability is strong.

Description

Compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gear machining method, in particular to a compensation method for detecting a tooth grinding backlash of a spiral bevel gear.
Background
The helical bevel gear lapping backlash refers to the normal backlash distance between the tooth surfaces of the gear teeth when the gears are engaged. In the process of grinding teeth, if the backlash is too large, tooth crest edge interference can be generated; if the backlash is too small, simultaneous grinding of the driving face and the non-driving face may occur. Both of these conditions are abnormal gear lapping conditions and in severe cases even waste products. At present, a machining method for effectively measuring and compensating the backlash of the grinding teeth is lacked in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a compensation method for detecting the lapping backlash of the spiral bevel gear, which can measure and compensate the lapping backlash so as to ensure that the lapping processing can be smoothly carried out.
According to the compensation method for detecting the helical bevel gear lapping backlash, a lapping machine tool is arranged, the lapping machine tool is provided with a first wheel box and a second wheel box, a gear pair is correspondingly arranged on the first wheel box and the second wheel box, elastic jacking acting force is exerted on the second wheel box to keep the two sides of the gear pair engaged, the gear pair is controlled to rotate, the runout of the second wheel box is detected, and backlash compensation is calculated according to the runout of the second wheel box.
According to the embodiment of the invention, at least the following technical effects are achieved:
according to the invention, when the gear pair is meshed, the elastic jacking acting force is applied to the second wheel box, so that the backlash of the gear pair can be reflected through the jumping of the second wheel box, and then the backlash between the gear pair is calculated and compensated through the jumping of the second wheel box, so that the gear grinding quality can be effectively ensured, the yield is improved, and the practicability is strong.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the lapping machine is provided with a bed body, a column is movably arranged on the bed body along a horizontal X axis, the first wheel box is movably arranged on the column along a vertical Y axis, the second wheel box is movably arranged on the bed body along a horizontal Z axis, and an elastic supporting mechanism is arranged on one end of the second wheel box far away from the first wheel box along the horizontal Z axis and used for elastically supporting the second wheel box.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic supporting mechanism includes a sliding table, a guide rod, a spring, and a supporting drive, the sliding table is movably disposed on the bed body along a horizontal Z-axis, one end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the second wheel box, the other end of the guide rod passes through the sliding table and is provided with an anti-slip head, the spring is sleeved on the guide rod, one end of the spring supports the second wheel box, the other end supports the sliding table, and the supporting drive is used for controlling the sliding table to move.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the sliding table is provided with a telescopic supporting portion for supporting the second wheel box, when the telescopic supporting portion supports the second wheel box in an extending manner, the anti-falling head portion abuts against the sliding table, and the spring is in a natural length or a compressed state.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the lapping machine is provided with a position detecting device for detecting a position of the second wheel box.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a grating detection mechanism is arranged on the bed body along the horizontal Z-axis direction for detecting the runout of the second wheel box.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the gear pair is mounted to the first and second wheel housings, respectively, the gear pair is engaged by applying an elastic urging force to the second wheel housing.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a grating detection mechanism is arranged on the lapping machine tool, and the runout of the second wheel box is collected at a sampling frequency of not less than 500Hz, and the runout value is defined as a W value.
According to some embodiments of the invention, when performing the backlash measurement, the calculation is performed in one of three ways:
a is directly calculated by a W value;
b, averaging all sampled W values to calculate;
c takes the maximum sampling W value to calculate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gear pair comprises a first gear and a second gear having a larger diameter than the first gear, and the runout of the second gearbox is detected by controlling the second gear to rotate one revolution.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gear lapping machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the gear pair tooth-to-tooth interference;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the success of the gear pair to tooth;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a gear pair maintaining axial backlash.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a compensation method for detecting the backlash of a spiral bevel gear, which comprises the steps of arranging a gear grinding machine tool, wherein the gear grinding machine tool is provided with a first wheel box 102 and a second wheel box 104, correspondingly installing a gear pair on the first wheel box 102 and the second wheel box 104, applying elastic jacking acting force to the second wheel box 104 to keep the two sides of the gear pair engaged, controlling the gear pair to rotate, detecting the bounce of the second wheel box 104, and calculating the backlash compensation according to the bounce of the second wheel box 104.
According to the invention, when the gear pair is meshed, the elastic jacking acting force is applied to the second wheel box 104, so that the backlash of the gear pair can be reflected through the jumping of the second wheel box 104, and then the backlash between the gear pair is calculated and compensated through the jumping of the second wheel box 104, so that the gear grinding quality can be effectively ensured, the yield is improved, and the practicability is strong.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the lapping machine is provided with a bed 100, the bed 100 is provided with a horizontal X-axis guide rail and a Z-axis guide rail perpendicular to the X-axis guide rail, the X-axis guide rail is provided with a column 101, a vertical Y-axis guide rail is provided on the side surface of the column 101, a first wheel box 102 is mounted on the Y-axis guide rail, and a second wheel box 104 is mounted on the Z-axis guide rail. The bed 100 is provided with an elastic supporting mechanism at one end of the second wheel box 104 far from the first wheel box 102 along the horizontal Z-axis, and the elastic supporting mechanism is used for elastically supporting the second wheel box 104. The specific form of the guide rail is common knowledge and will not be described in detail herein, and the movement of the column 101 and the movement of the first wheel box 102 are provided with corresponding drives, and the first wheel box 102 and the second wheel box 104 are provided with rotating shafts for mounting gears, and the specific structure is common knowledge and will not be described in detail herein.
Wherein elasticity top is held the mechanism and is included the slip table 103, the guide arm, the drive is held in spring and top, the slip table 103 is installed on Z axle guide rail and is located the one end that first wheel case 102 was kept away from to second wheel case 104, guide arm one end fixed connection second wheel case 104, the other end passes slip table 103 and is provided with the anticreep head, the anticreep head can adopt the nut to form, the spring housing is located on the guide arm, and the one end top of spring is held second wheel case 104, the slip table 103 is held to the other end top, the top is held the drive and is used for controlling the slip table. When the gear pair is engaged, the position of the sliding table 103 is controlled through the jacking drive, so that the sliding table 103 jacks the second wheel box 104 through the spring to exert elastic jacking acting force, and as the tail end of the guide rod penetrates through the sliding table 103, namely the sliding table 103 is not rigidly connected with the second wheel box 104, the second wheel box 104 can move in a spring compression mode when backlash exists between the gear pair. In order to realize the forward and backward jumping of the second wheel box 104 along the Z axis, a certain distance is provided between the anti-slip head and the sliding table 103 in this state.
In some embodiments, the sliding table 103 is provided with a telescopic supporting portion for supporting the second wheel box 104, when the telescopic supporting portion supports the second wheel box 104 in an extending manner, the anti-falling head portion abuts against the sliding table 103, and the spring is in a natural length or a compressed state.
With the structure in this embodiment, the movement of the second wheel box 104 can be precisely controlled by the jack drive. If the first wheel box 102 and the second wheel box 104 are controlled to move to the safe tooth alignment position (a certain safe space is reserved between the gear pairs), the second wheel box 104 is in rigid abutting joint with the sliding table 103 through the telescopic abutting part, so that the second wheel box 104 can be synchronously driven to move equidistantly when the sliding table 103 moves towards the first wheel box 102 under the control of abutting driving; when the gear grinding is completed and the gear is returned to the position, the second wheel box 104 can be driven to reset through the action of the guide rod and the anti-falling head. The second wheel box 104 does not need to be separately provided with a moving driving structure, which is beneficial to reducing the production cost.
The above-mentioned supporting drive can adopt a motor screw mechanism, and the telescopic supporting part can be set as an air cylinder, and of course, it can be set as other known structures.
In order to know the runout of the second gearbox 104 and the gear pair engagement detection, in some embodiments the lapping machine is provided with position detection means for detecting the position of the second gearbox 104. The position detection means comprises a proximity switch 105 provided on the second wheel housing 104. A grating detection mechanism is arranged on the bed 100 along the horizontal Z-axis direction for detecting the runout of the second wheel box 104. When the gear pair is mounted to first and second wheel housings 102 and 104, the gear pair is engaged with the second wheel housing 104 by applying an elastic urging force thereto.
The operation of the proximity switch 105 is as follows:
when the gear pair is aligned, when the sliding table 103 is controlled to be close to the first gearbox 102, the second gearbox 104 is pushed to be close to the first gearbox 102 under the action of spring jacking, the initial positions (located at safe alignment positions) of the sliding table 103 and the second gearbox 104 are known, and the parameters of the gear pair are known, so that the travel distance of the second gearbox 104 can be calculated, when the gear pair generates interference shown in fig. 2 and fails to align the gear, the second gearbox 104 compresses the spring under the action of the interference of the gear pair and triggers the proximity switch 105, the second gearbox 104 automatically stops moving, and the system can automatically judge that the gear pair fails by comparing the actual position and the theoretical position of the second gearbox 104. After the tooth aligning fails, the sliding table 103 is reset, one of the gear pairs can be controlled to rotate by a proper angle, and the tooth aligning is performed again. When the actual position of the second gearbox 104 matches the theoretical position, the system assumes that the tooth alignment was successful.
In the actual setting process, the proximity switch 105 can also be set corresponding to the sliding table 103, if the distance between the sliding table 103 and the second wheel box 104 is D when the gear is set to successfully perform tooth pairing, the proximity switch 105 is set in the range corresponding to D, the sliding table 103 is continuously controlled to be close to the second wheel box 104 after the tooth pairing is successful, and the proximity switch 105 is triggered by the compression spring to the sliding table 103, so that the elastic jacking acting force is ensured.
The proximity switch 105 may be provided on the bed 100 or on the second wheel box 104.
In some embodiments, when the grating detection mechanism is used to collect the runout of the second wheel box 104, the runout of the second wheel box 104 is collected specifically at a sampling frequency not lower than 500Hz, and the runout value is defined as a W value.
After the W value is measured, it can be calculated in one of three ways:
a is directly calculated by a W value;
b, averaging all sampled W values to calculate;
c takes the maximum sampling W value to calculate.
In practical application, the selection can be performed according to the practical gear lapping working condition, for example, the mode A is applied when double-sided meshing is adopted during gear lapping.
Generally, the gear pair includes a first gear and a second gear having a larger diameter than the first gear, and backlash detection is most complete with the value of W obtained by controlling the second gear to rotate one revolution to detect runout of the second gearbox 104. And calculating the deviation value of the mounting distance at the moment by combining the W value with the parameters such as the mounting distance of the gear pair.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, after the teeth are aligned, the first gear is retracted along the Z-axis by a distance, which is called an axial backlash, and a normal backlash exists between the first gear and the second gear, and the backlash guaranteed in the ordinary gear lapping process is the normal backlash between the tooth surfaces. Theoretically, the normal backlash is the axial backlash × 2 × s in α × cos, where α is the second gear pressure angle and the first gear pitch angle. The backlash coefficient k is defined as 1/(2 × sin α × cos), and then the axial backlash is k × normal backlash. The backlash coefficient k is actually the amount of change in the Z value per 1mm of normal backlash.
Backlash compensation is realized by compensating a retreating axial backlash after double-face meshing. When actual gear lapping is started, the backlash is checked by a checking meter, and if the actual tooth surface of the gear pair is close to the theory, the measured backlash is consistent with the set backlash value. If the actual tooth flank of the gear pair is different from the theoretical one, the measured backlash will differ from the set value. The backlash can be ensured by adjusting the value k, the new factor k1 being k × theoretical backlash/actual backlash. The setting of the parameters depends on the calculation of the deviation value of the mounting distance, so that the W value needs to be calculated before backlash compensation, and the distance of the first gear retreating along the Z axis can be accurately controlled.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A compensation method for detecting the lapping backlash of a spiral bevel gear is characterized in that: setting up a lapping machine tool, the lapping machine tool is provided with first wheel case and second wheel case, corresponds the gear pair earlier and installs first wheel case with on the second wheel case, right the second wheel case is applyed elasticity top and is held the effort and keep the two-sided meshing of gear pair to control gear pair and rotate, detect the beating of second wheel case, according to the beat calculation backlash compensation of second wheel case.
2. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grinding machine tool is provided with a machine body, a vertical column is movably arranged on the machine body along a horizontal X axis, a first wheel box is movably arranged on the vertical column along a vertical Y axis, a second wheel box is movably arranged on the machine body along a horizontal Z axis, an elastic jacking mechanism is arranged at one end, far away from the first wheel box, of the second wheel box along the horizontal Z axis, of the machine body, and the elastic jacking mechanism is used for elastically jacking the second wheel box.
3. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash as claimed in claim 2, wherein: elasticity top is held the mechanism and is included slip table, guide arm, spring and top and is held the drive, the slip table along horizontal Z axle remove set up in on the lathe bed, guide arm one end fixed connection second wheel case, the other end pass the slip table is provided with the anticreep head, the spring housing is located on the guide arm, just the one end top of spring is held second wheel case, other end top are held the slip table, the top is held the drive and is used for control the slip table removes.
4. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the sliding table is provided with a telescopic supporting part used for supporting the second wheel box, the telescopic supporting part supports the second wheel box in an extending mode, the anti-falling head portion is abutted to the sliding table, and the spring is in a natural length or a compression state.
5. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the lapping machine is provided with a position detection device for detecting the position of the second wheel box.
6. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and a grating detection mechanism is arranged on the bed body along the horizontal Z-axis direction and is used for detecting the jumping of the second wheel box.
7. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the gear pair is correspondingly installed on the first wheel box and the second wheel box, the gear pair is meshed by applying elastic jacking acting force to the second wheel box.
8. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and arranging a grating detection mechanism on the lapping machine tool, and acquiring the runout of the second wheel box according to the sampling frequency not lower than 500Hz, wherein the runout value is defined as a W value.
9. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lap backlash as claimed in claim 8, wherein upon performing backlash measurement, calculating is performed by one of three ways:
a is directly calculated by a W value;
b, averaging all sampled W values to calculate;
c takes the maximum sampling W value to calculate.
10. The compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gear pair comprises a first gear and a second gear with a diameter larger than that of the first gear, and the runout of the second gear box is detected by controlling the second gear to rotate for one circle.
CN202010701537.6A 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 Compensation method for detecting helical bevel gear lapping backlash Active CN111975129B (en)

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