CN111969194B - Battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111969194B CN111969194B CN202010877524.4A CN202010877524A CN111969194B CN 111969194 B CN111969194 B CN 111969194B CN 202010877524 A CN202010877524 A CN 202010877524A CN 111969194 B CN111969194 B CN 111969194B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B19/00—Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
- C01B19/02—Elemental selenium or tellurium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of battery materials, in particular to a battery positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention discloses a lithium selenium battery anode material, which is three-dimensional porous selenium; the aperture of the three-dimensional porous selenium is 0.1-1 mu m. The battery anode material is a selenium simple substance, the three-dimensional porous selenium has a three-dimensional communicated porous structure relative to commercial selenium, and the specific surface area is large, so that the contact area with electrolyte can be increased, the transmission speed of electrons and ions is increased, the volume expansion is buffered, the cycle stability and the rate capability can be improved, and the characteristic of high specific capacity of the selenium is kept.
Description
Technical Field
The technical field of battery materials, in particular to a battery anode material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, the rapidly growing market for mobile electronics, Electric Vehicles (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and large-scale renewable energy sources has prompted an urgent need for batteries with high energy density, long cycle life and reliable stability, and currently rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries (LIB) are generally used, in which metallic lithium is the preferred negative electrode material because of its light weight, high negative electrode potential and high energy density. For the positive electrode material, both sulfur and oxygen are attractive because lithium sulfur and lithium oxygen batteries have higher energy densities. However, prior to commercialization of these batteries, some problems still need to be solved. Since Amine pioneered work in 2012, lithium selenium batteries have received attention due to their high theoretical capacity (3253mA h cm)-3) Can be used in combination with lithium-sulfur battery (3467mA h cm)-3) Can be compared favorably. Furthermore, Se has the following advantages compared to sulfur: 1) the inherent conductivity of Se is higher than that of S, and higher rate performance is expected to be realized. 2) The reduced dissolution of the polyselenide and its reduced shuttling effect ensure improved cycling stability. 3) Most reported selenium anodes exhibit good electrochemical performance in inexpensive carbonate electrolytes. Therefore, lithium selenium batteries are promising candidates for high energy density battery systems. However, using pure selenium as the cathode, the electrode material expands due to volumeIs easy to fall off from the current collector, thus leading to poor cycle stability, low coulombic efficiency and low selenium utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a battery anode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and solves the problems that elemental selenium as the battery anode material is easy to expand in volume, poor in cycle stability and low in coulomb efficiency.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a battery anode material, which is elemental selenium, wherein the elemental selenium is in a three-dimensional communicated porous structure;
the aperture of the simple substance selenium is 0.1-1 μm, preferably 0.5-1 μm.
The battery anode material provided by the invention is a selenium simple substance and has a three-dimensional communicated porous structure. The selenium with the three-dimensional porous communication structure has a three-dimensional communication porous structure relative to commercial selenium, the specific surface area of the selenium is increased, so that the contact area with an electrolyte can be increased, the transmission speed of electrons and lithium ions is accelerated, the volume expansion is relieved by the porous structure, the problems that materials are easy to pulverize and the capacity is rapidly reduced due to serious volume expansion of the selenium are solved, and the cycling stability and the rate capability of the battery are improved.
At present, research for improving the electrochemical performance of selenium mainly focuses on compounding selenium and a carbon material to buffer the volume expansion of selenium, but the specific capacity of the composite material is correspondingly reduced because the carbon material with low specific capacity is introduced and the proportion of selenium in the composite material is reduced. The method improves the capacity attenuation problem of the lithium selenium battery, and simultaneously keeps the high specific capacity characteristic of selenium.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the battery anode material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: dispersing the selenium particles to obtain selenium particle dispersion liquid;
step 2: adding aqueous hydrogen peroxide into the selenium particle dispersion liquid, and performing water bath reaction to obtain a battery anode material;
the battery anode material is a three-dimensional porous elemental selenium.
The hydrogen peroxide reacts with amorphous selenium in a water bath process to generate selenic acid dissolved in water, and partial sites in the amorphous selenium have higher reaction activity, so that the reaction rate of the active sites is higher, and a three-dimensional communicated porous structure is formed after a certain reaction time.
The preparation method of the battery cathode material is simple to operate, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production.
The preparation method of the selenium particles in the step 1 of the invention specifically comprises the following steps: ball-milling the selenium balls, centrifuging, taking the upper suspension, and sequentially performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain selenium particles;
the selenium ball is a commercial selenium simple substance;
the ball milling device is a planetary ball mill, the ball milling time is 24-48 h, more preferably 36h, and the rotating speed is 200-500 rpm, more preferably 450 rpm;
the speed of the centrifugation is 100rpm, and the time is 5 min;
the particle size of the selenium particles is 5-50 μm, and more preferably 5-10 μm.
Preferably, the selenium particles in the step 1 are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion to obtain selenium particle dispersion liquid; the concentration of the selenium particle dispersion liquid is 1-10 mg ml-1More preferably 5mg ml-1。
In step 2 of the invention, the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 30 wt%;
the mass ratio of the selenium particles to the hydrogen peroxide is 0.003: 1-0.2: 1, and preferably 0.02: 1-0.04: 1.
The temperature of the water bath reaction is 50-80 ℃, more preferably 60 ℃, and the time is 6-48 h, more preferably 12-24 h;
after the water bath reaction, the method further comprises the following steps: and naturally cooling the product of the water bath reaction, and sequentially performing suction filtration, washing and freeze drying to obtain the battery anode material.
The invention also provides a battery anode, which comprises a current collector, a binder and the battery anode material or the battery anode material prepared by the preparation method;
the battery positive electrode material is bonded to at least one surface of the current collector by the binder.
The battery positive electrode is preferably a lithium selenium battery positive electrode.
The present invention also provides a battery comprising: a positive electrode and a negative electrode;
the positive electrode is the battery positive electrode.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a battery anode material, which is elemental selenium, wherein the elemental selenium is in a three-dimensional communicated porous structure; the aperture of the simple substance selenium is 0.1-1 μm.
The battery anode material provided by the invention is elemental selenium with a three-dimensional communicated porous structure, and the specific surface area of the three-dimensional communicated porous selenium is larger than that of commercial selenium, so that the contact area with an electrolyte can be increased, the transmission speed of electrons and lithium ions is increased, the volume expansion is buffered, the cycle stability and the rate capability can be further improved, and the characteristic of high specific capacity of selenium is retained. Experimental data show that when the battery anode material is applied to a lithium selenium battery, the first-circle discharge capacity of the battery anode material reaches 3142.9mA h g-1The coulombic efficiency of the first circle reaches 77.57 percent, and the capacity is kept at 2008.3mA h g after 50 circles of circulation-1At 2A g-1And 5A g-1The discharge capacity can still reach 947.2mA h g-1And 532.0mA h g-1The composite material has good cycling stability and rate capability and high coulombic efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum and a standard spectrum of a battery positive electrode material provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of a positive electrode material for a battery provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of the charge and discharge performance of the lithium selenium battery provided in embodiment 5 of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an SEM image of the electrode cathode material provided in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an SEM image of the electrode cathode material provided in comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an SEM image of the electrode cathode material provided in comparative example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an SEM image of the electrode cathode material provided in comparative example 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an SEM image of the electrode cathode material provided in comparative example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it should be apparent that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the examples of the invention, commercial selenium was purchased from Alfa Aesar.
Example 1
This example is the preparation of a positive electrode material for a battery.
S1, ball-milling commercial selenium in a planetary ball mill at 450rpm for 36h, centrifuging at 100rpm for 5min, taking an upper-layer suspension, finally filtering and washing with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to prepare selenium particles of 5-10 microns;
s2, weighing 200mg of selenium particles obtained in S1, and ultrasonically dispersing the selenium particles into 40ml of deionized water to obtain uniform selenium particle dispersion liquid;
s3, measuring 4ml of 30% wt hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution, adding the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution into the selenium particle dispersion liquid in S2, carrying out water bath reaction for 24 hours at 60 ℃ under the stirring condition, naturally cooling the selenium particle dispersion liquid, carrying out suction filtration, washing and freeze drying on a product obtained by the water bath reaction, and finally obtaining the battery anode material.
Fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum and a standard spectrum of a battery positive electrode material provided in example 1 of the present invention. Fig. 1 illustrates that the positive electrode material of the battery prepared in the embodiment is elemental selenium.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the positive electrode material of the battery provided in example 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the battery anode material has a three-dimensional connected porous structure, and the pore diameter is about 1 μm.
Example 2
This example is the preparation of a positive electrode material for a battery.
S1, ball-milling commercial selenium in a planetary ball mill at 450rpm for 36h, centrifuging at 100rpm for 5min, taking an upper-layer suspension, finally filtering and washing with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to prepare selenium particles of 5-10 microns;
s2, weighing 200mg of selenium particles obtained in S1, and ultrasonically dispersing the selenium particles into 40ml of deionized water to obtain uniform selenium particle dispersion liquid;
s3, measuring 4ml of 30 wt% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, adding the aqueous hydrogen peroxide into the selenium particle dispersion liquid in S2, carrying out water bath reaction for 6 hours at 90 ℃ under the stirring condition, naturally cooling the mixture, carrying out suction filtration, washing and freeze drying on a product obtained by the water bath reaction, and finally obtaining the battery anode material.
Example 3
This example is the preparation of a positive electrode material for a battery.
S1, ball-milling commercial selenium in a planetary ball mill at 450rpm for 36h, centrifuging at 100rpm for 5min, taking an upper-layer suspension, finally filtering and washing with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to prepare selenium particles of 5-10 microns;
s2, weighing 200mg of selenium particles obtained in S1, and ultrasonically dispersing the selenium particles into 40ml of deionized water to obtain uniform selenium particle dispersion liquid;
s3, measuring 8ml of 30 wt% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, adding the aqueous hydrogen peroxide into the selenium particle dispersion liquid in S2, carrying out water bath reaction for 12 hours at 60 ℃ under the stirring condition, naturally cooling the mixture, carrying out suction filtration, washing and freeze drying on a product obtained by the water bath reaction, and finally obtaining the battery anode material.
Example 4
This example is the preparation of a positive electrode material for a battery.
S1, ball-milling commercial selenium in a planetary ball mill at 450rpm for 36h, centrifuging at 100rpm for 5min, taking an upper-layer suspension, finally filtering and washing with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to prepare selenium particles of 5-10 microns;
s2, weighing 200mg of selenium particles obtained in S1, and ultrasonically dispersing the selenium particles into 40ml of deionized water to obtain uniform selenium particle dispersion liquid;
s3, measuring 4ml of 30 wt% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, adding the aqueous hydrogen peroxide into the selenium particle dispersion liquid in S2, carrying out water bath reaction for 48 hours at 60 ℃ under the stirring condition, naturally cooling the mixture, carrying out suction filtration, washing and freeze drying on a product obtained by the water bath reaction, and finally obtaining the battery anode material.
Example 5
The battery cathode material prepared in example 1 was assembled into a lithium selenium battery using a conventional assembly method.
Fig. 3 is a charge/discharge performance diagram of the lithium-selenium battery provided in this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the lithium-selenium battery has a current density of 0.05A g-1The discharge capacity of the first circle reaches 493.7mA h g-1The coulombic efficiency of the first circle reaches 94.06 percent, and the discharge capacity of the second circle is kept at 410.9mA h g-1The selenium-enriched material has good cycling stability, and the three-dimensional porous structure is favorable for buffering the volume change of selenium in the charging and discharging processes and avoiding the crushing and falling of the material.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: 4ml of 30 wt% aqueous hydrogen peroxide in S3 was replaced with 4ml of deionized water.
Fig. 4 is an SEM image of the positive electrode material for the battery provided in comparative example 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the surface of the battery cathode material is smooth and has no three-dimensional porous structure.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: 4ml of 30% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in S3 was replaced with 100mg of sodium hydroxide.
Fig. 5 is an SEM image of the positive electrode material for the battery provided in comparative example 3. As shown in fig. 5, the battery positive electrode material has no three-dimensional porous structure.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: 4ml of 30 wt% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in S3 was replaced with 4ml of 25% aqueous ammonia.
Fig. 6 is an SEM image of the positive electrode material for the battery provided in comparative example 3. As shown in fig. 6, the battery positive electrode material has no three-dimensional porous structure.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: the water bath temperature is 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 24 h.
Fig. 7 is an SEM image of the positive electrode material for the battery provided in comparative example 4. As shown in fig. 7, the battery positive electrode material has no three-dimensional porous structure.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: hydrothermal reaction is adopted, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, and the reaction time is 24 hours.
Fig. 8 is an SEM image of the positive electrode material for the battery provided in this comparative example 5. As shown in fig. 8, the battery positive electrode material has no three-dimensional porous structure.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the battery positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: dispersing the selenium particles to obtain selenium particle dispersion liquid;
step 2: adding aqueous hydrogen peroxide into the selenium particle dispersion liquid, and performing water bath reaction to obtain a battery anode material;
the battery anode material is a three-dimensional communicated porous elemental selenium;
the temperature of the water bath reaction is 50-80 ℃, and the time is 6-48 h.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selenium particles have a particle size of 5 to 50 μm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen peroxide concentration is 30 wt%;
the concentration of the selenium particle dispersion liquid is 1-10 mg/ml.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the selenium particles to the hydrogen peroxide is 0.003:1 to 0.2: 1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the selenium particles are prepared by: and ball-milling the selenium balls, centrifuging, taking the upper suspension, and sequentially performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain the selenium particles.
6. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the ball milling time is 24-48 h, and the rotation speed is 200-500 rpm.
7. A battery positive electrode, comprising a current collector, a binder and the battery positive electrode material of claim 1 or the battery positive electrode material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6;
the battery positive electrode material is bonded to at least one surface of the current collector by the binder.
8. A battery, comprising: a positive electrode and a negative electrode;
the positive electrode is the positive electrode for a battery according to claim 7.
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| CN106571460A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Binder-free selenium cathode material with self-supporting structure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101475453B (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2012-05-30 | 南京工业大学 | Preparation of biformyl by oxidizing acetaldehyde |
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| CN102078816A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-06-01 | 西北师范大学 | Selenium/carbon compound material, preparation of selenium/carbon compound material and application of selenium/carbon compound material in fuel-cell catalyst preparation |
| CN102447113B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2014-08-13 | 南开大学 | Lithium battery with polymer-coated sulfur/carbon composite material as anode |
| CN102623678A (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-08-01 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method of anode material of Li-Se battery and lithium battery |
| CN104617271B (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2017-01-18 | 中南大学 | Stannic selenide/graphene oxide negative pole composite material for sodium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN109346691B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-11-17 | 浙江衡远新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material |
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| CN106571460A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Binder-free selenium cathode material with self-supporting structure and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20230525 Address after: 629000 lithium high tech Industrial Park, Shehong Economic Development Zone, Suining City, Sichuan Province Patentee after: SICHUAN LANGSHENG NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 1301, 13th Floor, Building B, National University Science and Technology Park Incubation Center, Changchun Road, Zhengzhou High tech Industrial Development Zone, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000 Patentee before: Henan Zhibiao Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Effective date of registration: 20230525 Address after: No. 1301, 13th Floor, Building B, National University Science and Technology Park Incubation Center, Changchun Road, Zhengzhou High tech Industrial Development Zone, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000 Patentee after: Henan Zhibiao Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.729, Dongfeng East Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510060 Patentee before: GUANGDONG University OF TECHNOLOGY |